3 10 85 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Arthur Conacher Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 52 minutes, 54 seconds Interview 2: 48 minutes, 42 seconds Interview 3: 42 minutes, 47 seconds Total: 2 hours, 24 minutes, 23 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00:00 Introduction. South Africa, Pietermaritzburg, New Zealand 1960.1968. Auckland degree and majoring in geography. 00:04:57 Two years master in geography. A regional planning authority. Public service. Teaching. Academic career. Lecturer and professor. Teaching and PhD. New Zealand vs Australian university. Master degree New Zealand and Australia. Ken Cumberland. 00:08:58 Paying for a Masters degree. Professor in Perth has a paid for Masters degree. Supervising students. No qualifications. Teaching external students. Quality of teaching in New Zealand. Pass and fail rates. 00:12:26 Default subject. Wanting to work outside. Interest in people and places. Queensland and coming to WA. Dave Murray* and application in WA. Several members of staff leave UWA. Geomorphology. Understanding of soil property. 00:16:45 Perth and Auckland. Memories of the department. Comparisons to Brisbane. Staff. Cartographer, photographer, workshop and vehicles. Driving a bus. Teacher and marriage. 00:20:10 Geographers marry each other. Coming to Perth. Patches of salt in the paddock. Memories of the buildings. Chemistry building. The department was an improvement. Head has a paid Masters degree. Dr Gentilly. 00:23:55 The Stephenson plan and Hackett drive. Comparisons of theatres at UWA. Cultural life of Perth and University. 00:26:05 Martyn Webb. Introductions to UWA and WA. Course structure. Masters years physical and human geography. Loss to the science faculty. Teachers and vicious circle. Rural Geography and structural changes. 00:30:10 Comparisons to Canada and depth of study. Applied geography and environmental management. Feel of UWA and the college look. Tropical grove and the farm. Prescott’s door is always open. University house, Monash Avenue and university ghetto of the university. 00:35:20 Social experiences of living in the University community. Time for lecturing and administration. Campus funding and research. Funded by private enterprise and research outcomes. 00:39:10 Sabbatical years and fresh ideas. University lecturers and benefits of someone else’s experiences. Matthew Tonts. Coming to UWA 1968. Lecturing in gowns. Webb was English Oxford formal. General and academic staff have different tea rooms. 00:42:50 Preparing courses and marking. Publication. Finding the course on arrival. Graham Rundle*. Field work and laboratory space. CSIRO. Students. 00:47:25 Five universities in Perth - UWA is the best. Geography department. Formulating a course for universal use. Not specific to WA. Geomorphology and agriculture of WA. 00:51:20 Lecturer and hopes for career and the joy of the job. Promotion to chair. Ambition. Track 2 00:00:00 Expanding on a theme. Helping to make it a better place. Strongly regional geography. Man environment. Lester King and Charles Cotton. Geomorphology and Morris. Site and scenery. Continental drift. Evidence of continental drift. 00:05:30 Plate tectonics. Auckland string of geography. Master and papers. History and nature of geography. Staff in Auckland. Stuart Frazer Leaves to come to UWA. 00:08:26 Fiona Woods and Auckland. Editor of the Australian Geographers Journal. Master and interest in physical and urban geographer. Dalrymple* and Bloomfield. Writing up land surface work. Teaching palaeogeology* and landscape processes at UWA. 00:12:50 The early years and development of career at UWA. Student course requirements. 24 hrs devoted to the subject. Joe Gentilly* and climate biogeography. Text books for school. Geography of Australia 3rd year. Applied Rural Geography. Convener of the Honours School. 00:17:30 Advance geomorphology and Physical and Human geography. Examining and running field work. Heavy teaching load comparisons today. Community of UWA academic staff. Changes. 00:21:26 Senior Lecturer and Head of Department. Salinity problems 70 in York Dalwallinu. Dave Murray*. The Agriculture Department and Harry Whittington*. Through flow water. Farmers and the agriculture department. People supporting farmer’s problem. PhD students and the mixing of the through flow model. Water salinity and the wheat belt. 00:28:30 Water supplies and global warming. Environmental impact and Martyn Webb.* Foresting and logging. First environmental impact statement 1974. Beth Shultz* and the south west forest defence. Karri forest being clear felled. Valentine. Sue Grist. Simon Neville. 00:34:45 UWA giving back to the community and the growth of the department. Becoming all consuming, Students couldn’t get jobs as people are opposed to comment. The Underwood tree. Woodchip. Support of big business. Getting into the environmental management. 00:39:40 Pedogeomorphic literature. Research in Israel and Reading. Old contact interaction and limited facilities. Meeting people in Israel. Interactions. Trent University and comparisons with the Canadian shield. Hydro geographical destruction and replanting. Competitive weed tree Marri. 00:46:45 Excess water and the water corporation. Senior Lecturer and Head of Department. 1970s and God Professors. VC Robert Street. Elected head 1977-9 David Murray. Appointed Chairs. Mike Taylor and John Dodson*. Preparing the texts for the first years. Duties shared. Track 3 00:00:00 Queensland university experience brought to UWA. Election for the Head. Ian Elliot and Gentilly* – climatologist feels hard done by. School curriculum changed. Fire in the department. Becoming head for the second time. never keen on administration. 00:06:00 GIS in the department. David Treloar* - the whole submission. Special science at CURTIN. Third time as head. Things are falling apart. Alan Robson. Splitting of the old science faculty. Physical Life Sciences and Natural and Agricultural Sciences. 00:10:10 Faculty of Science. Alan Robson. Damage. Geography declines on a world scale. Martyn Webb brings in Asian geography. 00:15:05 Other problems from bad appointments. Matthew Tonts*. Dean of Faculty of Science and other positions. Responsibility for finances. Responsibilities. Geography out of Arts. Arts Faculty and Science. Awards for achievements. DSc. Joe Powell. 00:20:06 Senior Honorary Fellow. Publications and pressures of today. Public or perish. Publishing books Environment and Planning in Australia. Janet co-author. COMLAND Awards. IGU, International Geographical Union. Mike Meadows. Mediterranean and region study. 00:26:13 Publications. Environment problem solving, Tree and soil, sand seas in north China. Outcomes of COMLAND. Land use policies. The internationalisation of UWA. Working in China. Political problems. 00:30:40 Ranking and the Shanghai index. Based on reasonably objective data. Higher education ranking on an international scale. 00:33:13 Good career and memories of good field work. High powered academic exercise. Representative on international meetings. Korea, India, South America - Argentina. Catamarca* province and Buenos Aires*. Mexico City. 00:37:30 Summing up experience at UWA. Gardens and people, students. Looking to the university today and looking to the future. Specialising and being comprehensive. Old faculty and money. Money drives everything. Trying to lower teaching demands. Final words. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a7dc79987f001091c574e290abfd0bb7.mp3">Conacher, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/2399537b2269cccf5d9201f30b5750f0.mp3">Conacher, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/85299ac8a83a63ddac1a410f7c4da31a.mp3">Conacher, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arthur Conacher interview, 5 September 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Geography Description An account of the resource Three times head of Geography at the University of Western Australia Arthur Conacher talks of his career at UWA since 1968. Originally an Urban Geographer he would become a Physical Geographer with varied interests including land degradation, salinity, soil/slope and hydrology. Arthur Conacher became Senior Lecturer in 1974 becoming Head of Department for the first time from 1977-1979 and Associate Professor in 1980. He has published extensively and travelled widely with his work and in doing so has contributed to the internationalisation of the University. Arthur Conacher has recently been awarded for his work with COMLAND and the IGU and has a DSc. From 1983 – 1985 he served on the Council of the Institute of Australian Geographer, he also holds a Fellowship of the IAG and is currently an Honorary Research Fellow of the University of Western Australia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Conacher, Arthur Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f4c0e73d8d759607cfe192ee43f68ab3.mp3 b0ec8a2c82eea163d4727ee02a4f8484 https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/7e2f5afb9d8a8e407ad182bdef292290.mp3 9be9fe5cf6aec7b802c674fc4068edb5 https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/44a805ba753c892d9b13bc6f3e98f341.mp3 5425a594333c3cb3acbca1434952b623 https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b869644386662e9d61b3428a45c4e245.mp3 a9893de2c3a1f63810f531dd852e23cb https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d812a1ea26c128cb4dec9bd2b2a405ed.mp3 ab8924b27697b51a109c6d552ff8a0bf https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/78e83599eaab49d5e9310de77929ffe9.mp3 9264d230671135676b6f33cbddc93444 https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/4d66a1c95ea40f7faa5bdaff07d67cb5.mp3 6f9c65dbbc2d84f2a2896ba8df81b58d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Ian Constable Location The location of the interview Mosman Park, WA Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 3 minutes, 48 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 34 minutes, 35 seconds Total: 2 hours, 38 minutes, 23 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f4c0e73d8d759607cfe192ee43f68ab3.mp3">Constable_Ian, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/7e2f5afb9d8a8e407ad182bdef292290.mp3">Constable_Ian, Interview 1, Track 2 </a><br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/44a805ba753c892d9b13bc6f3e98f341.mp3">Constable_Ian, Interview 1, Track 3 </a><br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b869644386662e9d61b3428a45c4e245.mp3">Constable_Ian, Interview 2, Track 1 </a><br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d812a1ea26c128cb4dec9bd2b2a405ed.mp3">Constable_Ian, Interview 2, Track 2 </a><br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/78e83599eaab49d5e9310de77929ffe9.mp3">Constable_Ian, Interview 2, Track 3 </a><br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/4d66a1c95ea40f7faa5bdaff07d67cb5.mp3">Constable_Ian, Interview 2, Track 4</a> Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:00:38 Track 2 00:00:00 Ian Jeffrey Constable (IJC) was born in Sydney in 1943. Father a civil engineer. Mother a high school teacher. Moved to Parkes, NSW when IJC was aged 4 as his father inherited the family farm in Forbes. His father had worked on the Sydney Harbour Bridge and continued to work as a civil engineer and worked on the farm on weekends. When IJC was aged six, his father resigned and the family moved onto the farm full-time. IJC’s older brother was to carry on the farming tradition and it was expected that IJC would make his own way. He more or less brought himself up as his mother and father worked full-time. He attended a one teacher school. A couple of his class mates were very gifted. In the 1950s, the town was cut off by frequent floods and he did his schooling by correspondence. He sat for a scholarship at Shore School in North Sydney. He did not get the scholarship but the school accepted him anyway. 00:08:43 IJC’s father applied his engineering knowledge to survey and irrigate the farm. Wool was £1 for a pound in 1952. The family were not poor but they were not well off either. When IJC got a Commonwealth Scholarship to university he was hoping to study arts but his father was more practical and advised him to study medicine as it took 6 years and was better value for money. IJC worked very hard at the Shore School to get in the top half dozen in his class. There were some luminaries amongst them. A good proportion of the scholars were country children. When IJC went home for the holidays he was expected to pitch in with the farm work. He did the night shift for the ploughing and the irrigation. 00:16:22 Prime Minister Menzies started the Commonwealth Scholarship scheme. The top 10% of children across the nation received a free education if they gained good results in their leaving certificate. IJC has happy memories of Shore School which had high academic standards particularly in science, technology and mathematics. IJC also studied 3 languages. When he was aged 16, he left school to attend the University of Sydney. There were about 780 first year medical students which was whittled down to approximately 340 in second year. Medicine was rote learning and written examinations rather than practical examinations. Students did have to assist in operations and help to deliver babies but the majority of their practical training was done during the intern years at a teaching hospital. 00:23:00 After six years, IJC did not know what he was going to do with his degree. He was accepted into the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH). It was highly academic but the working hours were arduous. Pay was £14 per week which was a third of a teacher’s pay. By this time he was married and his wife Elizabeth was teaching in Leichhardt. He had wanted to be a general physician but got to know some of the specialties and became interested in ophthalmology. After 2 years at RPAH a vacancy came up and he became a trainee in ophthalmology for two years. Then he got a postgraduate scholarship from the University of Sydney for Harvard. This caused some consternation when he left but the opportunity was too good to miss. He left for Boston in 1970 having graduated at the end of 1965. 00:28:51 Medical research was in its infancy in Australia. The clinical care in Sydney and general anaesthesia was far superior but there was not much research in ophthalmology apart from the work of Sir Norman Gregg at RPAH. IJC had to wait 18 months to get into the clinical research programme at Harvard. This project was funded by the Cancer Institute in Washington and lasted for the duration of his time here. At the same time, he did the clinical training and the American Board and became a permanent resident. He was appointed Acting Director and was also a junior lecturer in the Harvard Medical School. 00:34:31 In 1973, IJC was contacted by a person in Sydney who told him that the University of Western Australia (UWA) was looking to set up an ophthalmology department. Later he received a personal visit inviting him to come to Perth. Lions had funded the project and UWA were prepared to host the new department. David McAuliffe picked him up at the airport and took him to his home. David saw 200 patients on a Saturday morning. IJC was taken out to dinner at the River Room at the Parmelia by three different factions at the university on the same night! 00:39:40 The following day he attended a barbeque at a farm in the foothills. It was quite a culture shock. There was great suspicion of him because he came from the eastern states. Also, everyone was related to somebody else in Perth so it was very easy to make a faux pas. Boston’s population was 3 million people in 1973. There were 250,000 postgraduate students from all over the world studying at twenty four different universities in the Boston area. Nobody in Boston asked about your background. An academic board meeting at UWA was full of ex British academics who seemed to have come over to Perth to retire. 00:45:36 What motivated IJC to come to Perth? He was 31 years old in May 1974. UWA offered IJC an associate professorship in the Department of Surgery at Royal Perth Hospital (RPH) which he did not think was attractive enough. Finally, he was offered a Full Chair and $1 million in research funds and his wife Elizabeth was offered a tenured job as a lecturer in the Education Faculty at UWA. They decided to give it a trial for 2 years. 00:47:24 Bob Linton was an ophthalmologist and supporter of the Lions clubs in WA and was a key mover and shaker who pushed for IJC to get this position along with David McAuliffe, Ray Whitford and Chris Wilson. Bob Linton had persuaded the Lions Clubs that they needed an eye hospital in Perth and then they decided this was too expensive and that they should have a Chair in Ophthalmology and would fund an academic department at UWA. This was approved in 1970 and UWA agreed to pay the salary for 5 years. Lions were a significant political force. The Health Department put up half the money and RPH threw in a secretary. 00:51:26 When IJC arrived in 1975 he had one room in RPH, a secretary and a million dollars. It was up to him to make it work. He was flying back to Boston every month for the first year as he had to fulfil a research grant. He saw lots of patients at RPH but had skills that nobody else had in WA so he was in great demand. At the end of the first year he was performing operations in two theatres all day on a Saturday as well as working during the week. He had meetings with Lions every couple of months. Lions had started screening programmes in glaucoma. IJC would do screenings in country WA. Then he also did diabetic retinopathy. This lasted for 10 years. It created an enormous amount of publicity and boosted the profile of the Department. In 1980, the State Government gave IJC an Advance Australia Award. 00:55:15 IJC also visited Arthur Lim, the leading eye surgeon in Singapore, on his way to Perth. He became guardian to Lim’s children who were boarding at school in Perth. He and Lim co-wrote Atlases for trainees in the eye field. It became a best seller in the third world and was published in 14 different languages. IJC developed a reputation in Asia and he and Lim set up training programmes. In 1976, he began to perform operations in Australia and Asia using machines he had brought with him from Boston. This also added to his prestige. Many people wanted to come to Perth to train with IJC for a year. Private patients started to arrive as well. This meant that he had his own source of money instead of it all going into the UWA pot. IJC set up an independent institute and went half time. He used a model whereby they had a private medical practice within the university. This model still exists and funds 14 surgeons. It is the largest group in Australia and a percentage of their earnings goes back into the Institute which is a charity. This in turn funds the infrastructure for their research. 00:59:06 By 1980, IJC was on the National Health and Medical Research Council (NH&MRC) medical research committee and he had hired a group of researchers out of various funds and had a number of research grants. In about 1980, the Institute held 90% of the research grants funds in the whole division of surgery. Eventually, they became independent of surgery but this was not until the 1990s. Bernard Catchpole the Professor of Surgery was enormously helpful. When IJC arrived he was young and unknown and being based in RPH was effectively sidelined from the medical school that had been set up at the new Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (SCGH). The model IJC set up was to hire post-doctoral science graduates rather than doctors. He wanted people to do basic investigational research. There was some resistance to this. Luckily IJC was able to follow the model that was pioneered by Byron Kakulas . Rotary had raised money to give Byron a Chair in neuropathology. 01:03:10 END OF INTERVIEW 1 Interview 2 00:00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:00:39 Track 2 00:00:00 When IJC first came to Perth he was installed at RPH with a secretary. He increased the Lions screening programmes and visited Lions Clubs throughout Western Australia two evenings a week for just over two years. He visited over 140 Lions Club. This cemented the support of the Lions Clubs and publicised the ophthalmology services. The ophthalmologists in Perth also demanded his services and he was very busy seeing patients (both public and private) in Australia and South East Asia. At first, the money went to the university and then dribbled back to ophthalmology until IJG set up a tax free foundation “The Australian Foundation for the Prevention of Blindness”. This money together with NH&MRC grants funded research. IJC set up a teaching programme which hadn’t existed before. He recruited a senior lecturer, Richard Cooper and post-doctoral science people to conduct research. 00:06:16 The Lions Save Sight Foundation was set up in 1970. This foundation provided core salaries for the research scientists. Most were from WA but one was from Cambridge University and another from Romania. RPH built an animal house. A dedicated research building was not built until some years later. The team ran out of space very quickly. In 1983, they transferred most of the laboratory activity to the old A Block in SCGH (this had been the chest hospital). The Lions Eye Institute (LEI) was now an independent legal entity and their new home served them well until the 1990s. Anyone they recruited had to have a link with RPH (which is still the major eye care centre). Half of IJC’s salary was put towards hiring Professor Ian McAllister. IJC’s secretary came from RPH and was very capable. She resigned in the 1980s. 00:10:12 Their reputation was dependent on being frugal and scientifically capable. Professor Valerie Alder became Deputy Vice Chancellor at Murdoch and Frank van Boxmeer became Head of Clinical Biochemistry at RPH. The core science emphasis differentiated them from other groups in Australia. At one time the group was the largest in Australia. They are the only group that uses private medical practice as a model for funding research. This model presently sustains 14 people screening and operating on eyes and a proportion of their earnings is ploughed back into the Institute. The group moved to SCGH in 1983 on a long term lease. There was never any question of moving to the UWA campus although there was talk about moving to the St John of God campus in Subiaco at one stage. The key Lions personnel involved in decision making (such as Jack Hoffman, Tom Cameron, Brian King, Kerry Price and John Knowles) were professional people and were eminent business people in Perth. The project was one of the first examples of good public outreach on the part of UWA. 00:14:32 Nobody at UWA minded that the group weren’t on campus. The Vice Chancellors were very helpful. Robert Street (1978-1985) joined their Board. Alan Robson (2004-2011) extricated the group from the Department of Surgery and made the group the centre of ophthalmology and visual science at UWA. This gave the group direct access to their funds instead of it going into the university pot. Chancellor Sir Lawrence Jackson (1968-1981) invited IJC to his home for dinner. Don Aitken (1981-1990), Justice Kennedy (1990-1998), Alex Cohen (1998-2000) and Ken Michael (2001-2005) were all friends and/or patients and were very helpful. IJC did not really feel part of the university but he was too busy to take part in many of the campus activities. He often travelled to Asia just for the weekend. He was also travelling to America quite frequently. It wasn’t compulsory to attend meetings at UWA and he tended to only attend those that were directly related to the Centre. As they did no undergraduate teaching, they were not really considered to be part of the medical faculty. IJC did take part in the university cricket club and attended Festival of Perth events. For 25 years, he did not take part in any of the lobbying for UWA funding. It was helpful being under the UWA umbrella as it assisted them to apply for NH&MRC grants. IJC held research grants continuously from 1975 to 2014. They also used UWA resources including animal houses, laboratories and ethics committees. Alan Robson realised that the centre was bringing in lots of infrastructure funding to UWA and supported them by providing more resources and salaries. 00:20:34 IJC joined the University Cricket Club in about 1975. The Club played a yearly match against the Swan Valley wine makers. It was a good way of meeting other UWA academics. 00:22:27 University ethics committees have tightened up over the years. In the late 1970s, the Sultan of Terengganu provided the Centre with a large colony of primates after IJC operated on his eye. One of the Vice Chancellors was opposed to primate research and it has since ceased in Western Australia. The gene therapy research is done on primates in Bejing, Shanghai and Singapore. IJC was Chairman of the Animal Ethics Committee in the 1980s and became the target of anti- Vivisectionists. A lot of this research can now be done on mice and by computer modelling. Research on humans can only be done if it has proved to be safe on animals. 00:28:40 When the Centre moved to SCGH they were given 30 rooms of space as opposed to 4 rooms at RPH. Instead of being a university department only supported by the Lions Save Sight Foundation and RPH they now became the Lions Eye Institute (LEI) which was an independent body and held a 30 year lease to the space at the Queen Elizabeth II (QEII) Medical Centre. The recruited more young people who are now professors. They all went half time at the university which meant for the other half of their time they could see patients and generate revenue. Revenue is made quite quickly because the turnover of patient consultation is fairly quick. They have an obligation to teach, to serve in a public hospital and to do some basic research. At one stage, LEI did more than 20% of all the ophthalmology in Western Australia. Today it is more like 10%. It was crucial to have independent space rather than use space in a university or a public hospital. The LEI created a tension within the hospital due to the fact that they were independent of the hospital and had different rules but the new premises made the LEI very productive. They developed an artificial cornea and solid state lasers and were awarded grants of $3 million and more from the Department of Industry and Commerce in Canberra. They eventually expanded to having 150 scientists and support staff in QEII. Laser surgery was first introduced in 1976. IJC visited the Premier (Sir Charles Court) with two of the Lions. The State Government donated one to RPH. 00:34:45 By 1990, the LEI was well recognised. Big financial backers included Sir James McCusker, Bill Wylie and Sir Lawrence Wilson. In 1992, there was a huge public fund raising drive which generated $8 million to build the new Centre at 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands. The Government gave them a 99 year lease on the land within the QEII. They also kept their space in A block at SCGH. In about 2005, they ran of space in Verdun Street. Alan Robson asked IJC to join with him to lobby in Canberra along with Fiona Stanley from the Children’s Hospital and Peter Klinken from the Western Australian Institute for Medical Research (WAIMR) (now the Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research). In 2007, Prime Minister John Howard awarded them $1 million for a State Medical Facility. This built the block that is the Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research at SCGH. LEI was awarded one floor in that building on a long term lease. This provided an adult research facility in WA. IJC considered that the scientists are better off cross pollinating rather than confining themselves to eye research only. It is working well since the building opened in 2013. LEI now has three spaces – the original floor on A Block, the LEI red brick building on Verdun Street and a floor in the Harry Perkins Building which are all accessible from each other. 00:41:06 The research demands are great and the practice is very large (15 doctors). LEI see 50,000 patients each year. The research groups are pretty much self funded. Some clinicians work with them so that the results can be more easily transferred to the patients. Diabetes affects sight. Safety campaigns have reduced many industrial accidents. People live longer so there are more incidences of macular degeneration, cataracts and glaucoma. Thousands of people use laser surgery to correct myopia. This was only invented in the late 1980s. Micro surgery is much more precise and cataracts can be operated upon much earlier than before. In the last 10 years, LEI has been using biochemical antibodies that are injected into the eye to prevent macular degeneration. Medical science is advancing rapidly. There are even ways to help blind people using artificial vision. Stem cells and gene therapy are other new advances. IJC has been working on gene therapy for the last 15 years. LEI has a science base which means that they can be involved in the development of these things. Perth is not the biggest group now as eye research has become the norm. LEI is comparable to the University of Sydney. The University of Melbourne is bigger. Eye research is now much more the norm. Australia rates very highly in research on a per capita basis but they are behind in developing patents. 00:50:02 In 1976, Professor Fred Hollows from the University of New South Wales began to push for an increase in Aboriginal eye care. Through the College of Ophthalmology he obtained a big Federal grant to look at Aboriginals across the whole of Australia. IJC volunteered his time and spent 6 weeks in the Kimberley. Professor Ida Mann had screened Aboriginal people in WA for trachoma and was very passionate about their health care. IJC also did screening and operations in Geraldton. IJC volunteers his time 1-2 weeks per year and the LEI is very supportive of this programme. Associate Professor Angus Turner has taken over this programme now and does a lot of rural surgery. Visiting Aboriginal communities has increased IJC’s interest and collection of Aboriginal art (including paintings by Paddy Bedford). 00:59:30 Aboriginal children are very long sighted and can read two lines below what most Caucasians can read. Aboriginal and African people hardly even suffer from retinal detachments. 01:01:38 Using mathematical analysis of big data will be the next big thing in eye research. Further research also needs to be done on Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Technology is getting more advanced and easier to use. Computers are the way of the future. Drugs will become more effective but are very expensive. Medical economics will be more highly scrutinised and controlled in the future. In the early 80s, the Department only had one huge Hewlett Packard computer that was almost impossible to programme. Mounting debt due to the demands on public health care is already a huge problem in the Western world. The major market for medicine is in America. IJC would like to see Australia becoming as high tech as Sweden, Switzerland or Finland. 01:09:32 While IJG is still healthy he has no plans to retire from the Institute. He is proud of the reputation of the LEI. He knows people in WA and can assist them with fund raising so he still feels useful. IJC stepped down as Director in 2009 but is still a Professor. The present director is Professor David Mackie. 01:12:47 More than half of the students studying ophthalmology are now women. It is delicate work, it is possible to work part time and there are very few late nights or weekend work. 01:14:02 Track 3 IJC stepped down as Director of LEI in 2009. He feels research is a younger person’s game and that it is important to have renewal and an injection of new ideas and energy. Professor Mackie has different skills and has a different management style. From early on, IJC realised the importance of commercialisation in order to get the research flow onto the patients. $6 to $8 million dollars was raised to develop an artificial cornea. A company was formed and a development grant from the Federal Government gave them another $3 million to continue testing on animals and humans. It was given American Food and Drug Administration Approval. Artificial corneas were despatched from Perth all around the world. Unfortunately, the market was not as vast as expected. Eventually the project was sold to a company in New York and the LEI broken even. After two years the technology changed and the market collapsed. LEI were the third group in the world to develop an excimer laser with a solid state system. Money was raised to build them in Perth and they were sold in Hong Kong, Jakarta and India. It was floated on the Australian Stock Exchange and $10 million was raised. Trials were done in the USA and the $10 million was spent in two years. The stock market changed in Australia and the company closed down. The newest project is gene therapy and patents were made for that. A new company was started and it was listed on the US Stock Exchange. It has raised over US$300 million. Recent LEI glaucoma research has been licensed off to a group in the US in November 2015 for US$3 million. The American market is 60% of the value. Even in Europe, start-ups are very difficult to maintain. In 1976, IJC visited Singapore and other parts of Asia and demonstrated equipment during surgery with new equipment. Indonesia became a very important partner. Post-doctoral fellows from Indonesia trained in Perth for a year and do a research project before returning home and passing on their expertise. About 100 of these people have been trained and are now leaders in ophthalmology in their region. The head of the health service in Singapore was a LEI fellow. The Asian links are important. IJC was President of the Asian Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology and this represents half the world’s population. In the 1980s and 1990s, he had several trips to India and China teaching the microscope, running courses and writing text books. Many Indonesian patients whose surgery was a bit more complicated came down to Perth for surgery. Every year a three day course is run in Bali which is attended by 500 ophthalmologists. IJC designed a cataract screening programme for Indonesia and successfully applied to the German government to fund it. Unfortunately the German and Indonesian governments could not agree on the accounting fundamentals so the money was withdrawn. One of LEI’s Indonesian fellows set up a chain of high quality eye hospitals in Indonesia. China is very big and it is already very advanced in eye care. IJC used to visit China for cataract training. China is now very high tech and has a good health system in the major cities. India is also changing quickly. In conclusion, IJC would like to thank the environment that the university has provided and values the independence that he has been afforded. End of Track 3 END OF INTERVIEW 2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ian Constable interview, 6 December 2015 and 9 December 2015 Subject The topic of the resource Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute) Description An account of the resource Professor Ian Constable AO trained in ophthalmology in New South Wales before being appointed as Clinical Retinal Fellow at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and a Lecturer at Harvard University. He is a consultant retinal surgeon at Royal Perth, Sir Charles Gairdner and Princess Margaret Hospitals and was Managing Director at LEI from 1983 to February 2009. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Constable, Ian Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Alistair Devlin Location The location of the interview Perth, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 50 minutes, 19 seconds Interview 2: 56 minutes Interview 3: 53 minutes, 37 seconds Total: 2 hours, 41 minutes, 33 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 Alistair Malcolm Devlin born in Yarloop. Father works for Nestlé. Brother Chris is drawn to dentistry. Brother was a trend setter. Father studied at Muresk. The university’s reputation. Comparisons to WAIT. Aspiring to go to UWA. Decision to go to UWA to study dentistry. 00:07:00 Thoughts and memories of the university. Preclinical years of study. Zoology behind St George’s College. Professor Waring was an impressive character. Chemistry near James Oval. Physics near the library. Memories of the dental school on Wellington Street and Royal Perth. 00:10:00 In awe of where you were at university. Great characters. Initial impressions of the campus of UWA. Memories of the Vice Chancellor Prescott. Part of the Empire. Aspiring to be like Oxford University. Peter Livesey. Lecturers wear gowns and impression of the old traditions. 00:14:40 Brief history of dentistry and medicine in Western Australia and at UWA. Part of the Dental College at the technical school. Dental Science. UWA intertwined with an established course. Royal Perth connection to UWA. Staff of the hospital contribute to lectures. Dentistry course similar to the medicine course. Moving to the Dental Hospital. Attraction of studying medicine and dentistry. 00:21:35 Memories of Fiona and Neville Stanley. Neville has flair. ‘Lower forms of life like medical students.’ Respect for Neville Stanley. Connections with staff and students. Inspired by osmosis. Handful of professors. Knowledge of Horace Radden. The reputation of Radden and Sutherland. People use the university as a stepping stone. People stay in the special place of UWA. 00:26:55 Dentistry was a Cinderella faculty in UWA. People come to WA from the eastern states. Ross Taylor, David Cock, Jock Herd. Memories of Ken Sutherland. The most impressive lecturer who has triple projection. Clive Jarvis was the audio visual man at the school of dentistry. Ken was not an approachable man. Geoff Bagley was the editor of the Matrix. ‘So busy so rarely seen.’ 00:32:23 Kathleen Lucraft was Sutherland’s secretary. Ross Taylor was very assertive person. Becomes the president of the ADA WA branch. Rod Stockwell and the training of dental therapists in the late 1960s. Discipline and self discipline as a professional. Jock Herd. Memories of Jock in surgery. 00:40:00 The atmosphere of University. The judging of the Miss Universe contest in refectory. Robert Pearce and Kim Beazley. John Inverarity. Cricket and the James Oval. Memories of the Labour Day holiday. Rod Marsh. Activism against Vietnam. Currie Hall. The type of person at St George’s College. Rivalry at the university and class status. 00:46:45 Thoughts of a career in a particular field of dentistry. Des Kailis and Andrew Graebner. Paediatric dentistry. Memories of Des Kailis. ASDC. Australian Society of Dentistry for Children. Max Horsnell, Roger Hall. Des becomes the founding president of the ASDC. Founding secretary of the ASDC. Gough Whitlam and the school dental service. Des Kailis an amazing fellow. Push for fluoridation of water. Des Kailis and the raising of money. Interview 2 00:00:00 ASDC and ANSPD. Memories of the early days of dentistry . Explosion of children’s dentistry with the Whitlam years. Dental therapists. Noel Peverill. Increase of manpower. Influx of dentists to WA. Anxiety of dentists to therapists. WAIT and Dental Therapy training. Andrew Graebner and Sid Thornbury. School dental service. John Pritchard. Training school at Mount Henry. WAIT and dental services program training schemes. 00:06:05 Disease rife in the community in the early 1970s. Fluoridation of the water supply. The policy of tooth removal. Dental health was in a bad way. Complete dentures. Ron Rankin Wilson experiences of tooth extraction. Fluoridation and dental decay. School dental service and dental health practice. Denture and natural bight. Ray Owen and the dental course. Changes in the society attitude to tooth removal. 00:14:00 Reputation of the school of dentistry at UWA. Well regarded follows the Melbourne model. James Campbell - Wilson. Ken Sutherland in the chair for 30 years. Lack of numbers of dentists. Money poured into education. Kim Beazley and Judy Beazley. Initial impression of UWA and the grounds and the Somerville auditorium. The Perth Festival and UWA. 00:20:00 Administration and the dental school and the state government. State government and the laboratory in the shoe factory. University funded. Noel Peverill was a force to be reckoned with. Interaction between campus dental school and Royal Perth Hospital. Money and the medical faculty. String connection between DS and RPH. Little collaboration with WAIT. Des Kailis and John Hands. Dental services. 00:26:05 Condition of child dental health and current poor health in the community. Allocation of funding $4 billion for child dental health. Poor diet and Ph in the mouth and tooth decay. Lifestyle and economic trends. Potential of growth in the 1970s. Academics coming to Perth. Parochial and people leave the state. 00:30:35 The 8 point health plan. Resistance to change. The plan in the late 1960s discussed. All the 8 points are addressed. Colin Bonney political strings pulled. Isolated campus and inventiveness. School dental service and the dental caravans. Country areas and dental problems. Cadet schemes and work with the health department. Mobile clinics. 00:38:15 Interest in paediatric dentistry. Not a speciality of the paediatric dentistry specialist graduate from UWA. Numbers of post grad programme. Winthrop Professor Nigel King and developments in the paediatric programme. John Winters chairman of the dental department of Princess Margaret hospital. Bonded state government dentist. Ray and John Owen. Dental Kimberly team. Disease and lower socio economic problems. Further memories of Des Kailis. Dental health of indigenous and teaching. Des Kailis was a can-do man. Connections within the community. Fund raising events. 00:45:20 Changes in technology and the modernisation of dentistry. K ‘Kendrew’ Block at Perth Dental Hospital. Equipment and anaesthesia. Improvements in materials used. UWA following the leader. High speed drill and New Zealand and America. 00:50:50 Area of implants and Patrick Henry and developments in WA. John Lewis. Chris Wall and Bob Hortensky. Teaching of porcelain fused technology. Developments of the dental implant. Pat was the crème de la crème of the graduates from UWA. Interest in children’s dental health and working part time in Princess Margaret Hospital. Research and cleft palate children. Only as good as your team. Interview 3 00:00:00 Clinical tutor for at the dental school and PMH. Quality of students. 1971 and 73 tutor. David Cock. Memories of tutoring. Lecturing in 1985. Working on the part time staff at PMH 1981. Students dealing with children. 00:06:15 Coordinator – setting up operative technical and clinical techniques. Organising tutors. Established lecture programme at QE2. Change in facilities and interactions with Curtin and TAFE. 00:10:00 Faculty advisory board 2003. Dental association WA branch president Andrew Smith. Information meetings. Medical aspects of the faculty. Head of the pharmacy school. Alumni society. Medifacts. Greatest joy of the sense of academic community, Bernard Catchpole and Louis Landau. Strength of community. Memories of Catchpole. Living body of academic excellence. One person in a team of excellence. 00:15:17 Connections and role models for the students. Numbers and contact with staff and students. Privilege. Changes in technology. Virtual university. Future of a lecture. Learning management system. Community of UWA. Great problems. Modules of online teaching. Control of the lecturer. Delivering a course. Size of lectures. Benefits of seminars. 00:20:20 Students more at home with technology. Fellow of College of Dentists. International reputation of the school. Abraham Hearn money. Financing visiting fellows. Perth isn’t isolated. Peter Gregory. Australasian Academy of Paediatric Dentists. Part of the community and international association. Pat Henry. WA provides three presidents of the IAPD. 00:27:40 The world is a lot smaller thanks to Peter Gregory and Pat Henry. Perth is not a Cinderella. International ranking. Professor of Paediatric Dentistry. Nigel King. Dental school has lagged behind. Dean and the faculty advisory board promoting dentistry. Support. Alan Robson. 00:31:30 Limited support. Andrew Smith and Nigel King and hopes for improvement. Thoughts of Adelaide school and cost effectiveness. Alan Robson and the dental school. Paul Johnson. Culture of leadership at the dental school. Nigel King’s philosophies. General attitude of the students and a culture of discipline. 00:38:45 Obligations to the public. Old attitudes instilled. Honorary life member of UWA dent students society. Have close contact with the Dental School Society. Traditions and functions. 00:44:35 Directions of Paediatric dental health in WA. Community regard for dentists. TAFE will lose a dental school. International pressures on dentistry. Privilege of association with UWA. Choices of students today is much less than in the past. Honoured to be involved in the school and UWA. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f615d33259b2be81d08c5fef1bf9f4b6.mp3">Devlin, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8860d69a2533e92db15ab3273de5d8ca.mp3">Devlin, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/de35f81e82bbba8a47ae1ab3c63c791b.mp3">Devlin, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alistair Devlin interview, 28 February 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Dentistry Description An account of the resource This is an interview with Alistair Devlin (1947-2013). He talks about studying dentistry at UWA [1970] and his career and association with the University at the School of Dentistry and QEII. He outlines the growth of the School of Dentistry over the past five decades and looks at the current state of dentistry in Western Australia. He looks at the many changes that he has witnessed in the field of dentistry and the role that the University of WA has played in some of these developments. He looks at the direction of the school of dentistry and the growing facilities and technical changes he sees available to the students taking up dentistry today. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Devlin, Alistair Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Annie Fogarty Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 47 minutes, 12 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 01:18 Track 2 00:00 Annie Fogarty. Born Elizabeth Anne Walter in South Africa. Came to Western Australia in 1963, aged 3. Annie’s father worked at UWA as an accountant for the Student Guild. She recalls the lovely grounds when visiting her father at Hackett Hall until the Guild Village was built. Mr Walter loved worked there. Annie expected to study at UWA after attending Claremont Demonstration Primary School and Hollywood High School. She was invited to attend Hollywood which was a special maths school. The school had a good relationship with UWA and the pupils went to some special classes in maths at UWA. 03:00 Annie enrolled at UWA in 1978. She had planned to be a journalist but studied Psychology and Anthropology in her first year. In second year she switched to English and English Literature and majored in English Literature. She also studied Economics and Italian. There was a lively Psychology lecturer who gave quite a performance in the Octagon Theatre. Peter Cohen was an English tutor. Annie played tennis and socialised on campus. She caught the bus to UWA and stayed the day. In third year she had only 7 hours of contact hours which enable her to work part-time. There was not much career counselling. She had planned to be a journalist but ended up using her writing skills in marketing and public affairs after graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1981. 09:08 It was not difficult to find work. She worked as a flight attendant for Ansett for a year which enabled her to see Australia. She returned to Perth to work for the Energy Commission for 5 years in public affairs. She wrote press releases and organised country shows. Then she worked as the Entertainment and Promotions Manager on Great Keppel Island, Queensland. She travelled around Queensland for about 5 months before returning to Perth and enrolling in an arts management course with WAPA. She got a job as trainee manager with the Perth Theatre Trust. After that, she worked as marketing manager at Underwater World in Hillarys (now AQWA). She started the first Whale Watch trips in Western Australia. By now, she was married and left when she was pregnant with her first child. Annie did some marketing work with the Perth Heat baseball team while she was raising her children. 15:08 When the children started school she and her husband Brett started to talk about starting a family foundation that would be community focussed. They started Fogarty Foundation in 2000 to give something back to the community. They realised how important education was and wanted to give opportunities to those who might not otherwise have them. The Fogarty Foundation started from the family home. Once they had an office premises Annie spent about a day a week working from there. Brett set up the vision and strategy for the Foundation and did the business investments. 17:55 They had a clear idea of where they were going but they did not want it to be an organisation that just gave out money. Education has been a good focus. Fogarty Round Tables are convened to bring groups together to share their resources. They had a very good accountant who helped them set up the structure. The Board of Trustees have skills that assist as well. After 4 years they took on a part-time Executive Officer. That role is now full-time. 20:09 Early initiatives were to talk to people in the community and find out where they could help. Annie was quite dismayed in the early years by some of the challenges that people faced. Their first project was a leadership programme working with the Health Department and ELDAG [Local Drug Action Group]. This programme went for 10 years. 22:11 Their first education programme was with the Education Faculty at UWA to encourage educators and they started a scholarship programme there - the Educational Excellence Scholarships. There were travel awards, prizes and scholarships for teachers to study for PhD and Masters degrees. There are about 10 programmes working in the community across a wide spectrum including supporting play groups in disadvantaged areas. 25:02 A lot of the programmes have a leadership focus. In 2004, the Foundation started the UWA Fogarty Foundation Scholarships party to encourage people from the regions to come and study in Perth. The scholarships also encourage students who might have been tempted to study elsewhere, to remain in Perth. The leadership programme is an integral part of this scholarship. The scholars meet and learn from leaders in the community. Bringing young people together has enabled scholar initiatives such as Teach Learn Grow where university students (not necessary education students) mentor rural WA primary students. The scholars set up their own student television WASTV. Fogarty Scholars established Profectus in 2013 to encourage Australian students to get involved in entrepreneurship and help them develop their ideas. They run a leadership conference for Year 10 students. This is the ripple effect in action. There is also a scholarship programme for teachers, the Fogarty Learning Centre, which supports Edith Cowan University to develop numeracy and literacy clinics. One of the latest initiatives is CoderDojo which teaches young people to programme computers. This began at UWA in 2013. It is hoped to run 12 regional programmes in 2014. 28:56 Students apply for the Fogarty Scholarship through UWA. They have to be high achievers but 50% of the emphasis is on academic ability and 50% on community involvement and leadership abilities. There are 54 scholars and 45 alumni. The Fogarty Foundation work will really come to fruition when the scholars are working in their various careers worldwide. 30:24 There haven’t been many disappointments or set-backs. The community sector is very open and generous in sharing knowledge and supporting each other. The education field is a dynamic area that produces good outcomes. 31:21 Each year they review their work. Annie has learnt that it is essential to reach out. She was thrilled by the help she received in the US when researching how to promote leadership in people with low socio economic backgrounds. If the Foundation cannot help a project financially they try to put people in contact with somebody who can assist them. 33:38 In regional WA support needs to be at a grass roots level so that they can carry on the programmes themselves. The Foundation does not put on a conference. They tend to work more on bringing people together for round table discussions in a particular area. 36:05 In the future technology is going to play more of a part in education. But how do you use it best? 37:41 Annie is happy that UWA is returning to a liberal arts undergraduate degree. It was very different in 1978. Now there is more online education at UWA. Annie feels that it is crucial to spend time on campus making contacts and connections. It is important to have lots of other experiences and not just a degree. There is a lot more emphasis now on students being involved in not for profit organisations i.e. Camp for Kids. 40:15 UWA presented both Annie and Brett with an honorary Doctorate of Letters in 2004. They are proud of their relationship with UWA. Annie is on the Senate Development Committee and the Capital Campaign Committee which looks at the development side of the university. 41:17 The Fogarty Leadership Programme organises a series of Conversations where leaders in the community speak to the scholars. There are four conversations during the year. At the beginning of the year a writer from the Perth International Writer’s Festival is invited to speak to the students. At the end of the year they hold the Remarkables which is where four of the scholars or alumni come and speak about their work. 42:49 The Trustees are generally friends and people who are involved and interested in the community. They have a broad range of expertise and backgrounds. The Board of Trustees is: Annie Fogarty AM; Bettina Mangam; Tony Dale; Caitlyn Fogarty; Gary Roberts and Emeritus Professor Bill Louden. Kathryn Clements the full-time Executive Officer graduated from UWA in 2011 with a Graduate Certificate in Social Impact. The Trustees have no set term of service. 45:54 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/eaf6e3c05903d4bf9b86775838cdfcfa.mp3">Fogarty, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b81ef768a9dcfecc8f78e24ac3f8695c.mp3">Fogarty, Interview 1, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Annie Fogarty interview, 24 July 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Fogarty Foundation Description An account of the resource Annie with her husband Brett established The Fogarty Foundation in 2000 and has been the Executive Chairperson since inception. Having graduated with an Arts degree from The University of Western Australia, Annie’s work in marketing and public relations has primarily been in the tourism and arts sectors. In 2008, Annie and Brett were both awarded Honorary Doctorate Degrees in Letters from The University of Western Australia and Annie was awarded the Order of Australia AM in 2013 for her services to education. Annie is involved in a number of boards and committees, including the Roseworth Primary School, Board, The Fremantle Press Board, The University of Western Australia’s Senate Development Committee, The Centre for Social Impact WA Advisory Group, the Leading Learning in Education and Philanthropy (LLEAP) Advisory Group, The ECU Fogarty Learning Centre Advisory Group and the Fogarty EDvance Management Group. Annie has experience in public and private stakeholder engagement and liaison, project management and development of effective partnership relationships. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fogarty, Annie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/7b100784145002ad62709142c4fba83a.mp3 9425034f06f16674f63aec77c84af5e4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Wing Chung (Michael) FOK Location The location of the interview Arts Building in the University of Western Australia. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data MP3 files Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:49 Michael was born in Singapore to a family of Chinese background. He has an older and a younger brother and a younger sister. Michael’s family lived in a housing estate that was owned by the Keppel Shipyard where Michael’s father worked. Michael’s grandfather and uncle also worked here. Initially the family lived in a flat. When Michael’s father was promoted, the family moved to a house in the Telok Blangah area. The area is now very high-rise and part of the entertainment area of Singapore and the family home has since been demolished. The British were still running Singapore when Michael was growing up. They had established a naval base there as well as commercial shipping. From time to time, Michael’s father would entertain the British senior management at home. One manager, Kevin Rodney, became a very close family friend. 05:12 Michael studied English from Primary School. He was considered one of the top students in Secondary School and took ‘O’ and ‘A’ level examinations and then gained a scholarship. Both Michael’s brothers studied engineering. Michael did vacation work at Keppel Shipyard when he was studying at the University of Western Australia. There was no exam involved in the scholarship but there was an interview process and luckily he had good grades as the scholarship was very competitive. He was very happy to be able to travel overseas and expand his horizons. 10:18 Michael knew nothing about Australia apart from the fact that there were kangaroos. Singapore was bustling and crowded. Perth seemed very quiet by comparison. When Michael arrived in Perth in 1967, people did not seem to know much about Asia. Michael did not encounter any problems with people and tried hard to fit in. He had travelled to Perth on a Comet jet plane. The flight took about 8 hours and there was a stop in Jakarta. Five Colombo plan students arrived from Singapore. The university and the Combo Plan organisation looked after them very well. There were only two Chinese restaurants in Perth. It took some time for him to become accustomed to Western food. 15:26 Michael was accommodated in a house in Loftus Street, Nedlands. The landlady was Singaporean. Michael shared a room with another student. It was nice to have companionship in order to find your feet in the early months. There were two other Asian students in the house and an Australian known as “Wallaby”. He was a real Aussie. Michael was impressed with the university grounds – the size, the setting, the gardens and the beautiful buildings. Transport was a bugbear as buses were infrequent. First year of Engineering was a general course. Second year was harder. 20:37 Michael had already decided to specialise in mechanical engineering. By the second year, he felt much more comfortable. He recalled the Dean, Professor Allen-Williams, Dr John Wager and Dr Lutz who used the same lecture notes year and year. There were other Asian students in Michael’s class from Sarawak, Vietnam and Cambodia. Caroline Clarke was the only female student. 23:30 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wing Chung (Michael) Fok interviews, 2 and 8 July 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Michael FOK's Family background and as a Columbo Student in UWA back in 1967 Description An account of the resource Family background, early life and education in Singapore. Keppel Shipyard. Columbo Scholarship. Impressions of Perth on arrival in Perth in 1967. Student house in Loftus Street, Nedlands. The Engineering Faculty at UWA. Settling into college life. Student activities and social life. Move to Kingswood College. The sausage protest. Greasy’s Hamburger Shop in Hampden Road. Rivalry between the Engineering and Law Students. Tug of war. Pranks. College life. Vietnam War protest on Stirling Highway. Mixing with students from other faculties. Meeting his future wife. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource FOK, Wing Chung (Michael) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Leonard Freedman Location The location of the interview Perth, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 43 minutes, 51 seconds Interview 2: 49 minutes, 49 seconds Interview3: 41 minutes, 57 seconds Total: 2 hours, 15 minutes, 37 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 Background information: born in Cape Town South Africa. Samuel Freedman and Diamond. Becoming involved in an academic career. Schooling and Medical DSE. Majoring in Zoology and Microbiology. Joining the army. Coming back to start a career in academic field. John Robinson and higher degree. PhD on Baboons and work in microbiology. Raymond Dot and work in anatomy. 00:07:40 Leaving South Africa. Coming to Australia and work at Sydney University. John Robinson and the University of Wisconsin. Path of coming to UWA in 1970. David Allbrook and Human Biology and University of Western Australia. Perth as an isolated part of the world. Being allowed to design a course in Human Biology. 00:15:47 Outlining the course at UWA. The biology of man outlines everything that he does. Anatomy, genetics and the world in general. Teaching Human Biology course for 90 students and others from other departments 1000 students. 00:19:37 Impressions of the University and personal concerns and interests. Departmental responsibilities and designing the course. Facilities available. The support of David Allbrook. Tom Olivier the first Geneticist. Designing the Human Biology course and memories of experiences in America. Problems in the physical world and the environment. The impressions of the department Allbrook, Bill Bloomer and specialists from outside the department. Harold Baggett. Win Upperten, Nick Batalin and Serge Alexiov. 00:27:16 Small department and work done by specialists from the town. No ambition. Wanting to do research. The increase in knowledge in the world. Physical Anthropology and Human Biology. Explaining evolution. Race and biology. Broaden the course. 00:34:16 The process of changing the name of the course. Department of Anatomy and Human Biology. Management and changes in department. The God Professor system. Students and faculties in isolation. Connection with other departments in the 1970s. Technologies and ideas. Interactions with department the wider community. Failure of course ideas. 00:40:40 Individuals and interactions. Interdisciplinary and interactions outside the university. Working with the museum. Memories of the community of UWA. Dr David Ride and the importance of Human Biology within the school system. Interview 2 00:00:00 The dynamic course. General and academic and world events of importance. The importance of keeping the interaction of the human condition. Neville Bruce and interactive human studies. Open University of Australia and the internet. Memories of Martyn Webb head of geography the only professor without a PhD. Reg Appleyard and Mike Alpers 00:06:42 The god professor system. Each person has their own little empire. Academic community. Valuable inputs from outside the university. Charles Watson and Ken Colbung. Memories of Ken Colbung lecturing at the university. Ken contributes to the course with personal experiences. aboriginal concerns within the Australian culture. Reaction of the students and Ken’s teaching and contribution. 00:14:14 The students make the department popular. The popularity of the course to students outside the department. The growth of the course and confidence in the future. Drew Nesdale, Laksiri Jayasuriya, Sylvia Hallam, Mike Hobbs, Wolfe Segal, Neville Stanley are important to the department. Humankind Retrospect and Prospect – Leonard Freedman. Students must look laterally outside their narrow field. 00:18:10 Importance of Sabbatical leave. Recollections and Reflections - Three part biography. A spiritual aspect to the course. Personal thoughts toward spiritual aspects of human evolution. No trouble about religion. Discussion of the course outline and timetable. Interaction with the students. Tutors and mini lectures. Human beings and society. 00:26:30 Diverse range of topics outlined in the course. Personal belief of students. Introducing students to students and spoon feeding them. Changes in the course outlined. Technology and balance in the course. The department and course as a growing entity. 00:30:50 Support for the department and Alan Robson. Unable to say things to please people. Seeing the university change. Dean of the Science Faculty. Why changes took place and lack of money in the budget. Synergistic courses and teaching and research. Diverse subjects and people from different fields. Remembering research and teaching. Baboons and Bandicoots. Working in diverse areas of research. 00:38:31 Working on people of New Guinea. Interest in the movement of the shoulder joints. Enjoying research. Early aboriginal skull and migrations that populate Australia. UWA’s place in the word in relation to the department. The Naked Ape and Desmond Morris. Reaching people through popular writing. 00:46:10 Richard Dawkins and the Selfish Gene. Getting a message across to the public. Impressions of Dawkins. The accumulation of knowledge and man understanding of God. The use of God to order society. Faith, science, evidence. Faith doing more harm than good. A part of history. Interview 3 00:00:00 Research and honing the course of Human Biology. The importance of the study of Human Genetics. Head of school 1975-80 and interest in varied research. Evolution of the Hominid toolmaking hand and forearm. David Allbrook. Anthropometric study of WA School Children. Writing on the Thylacine – Odontometric study of the species Thylacoleo. Humankind Retrospect and Prospect. Morphology an Physiology of the Metatheria. Book about Australian marsupials. Ilene Finch. Being in the right place at the right time. 00:06:43 Women and Men... and the study of Homosexuality. Explaining the diversity of human sexuality. The Sex Determination of Aboriginal Cranium. Interactions and comparisons with worldwide human movement. Movements from South East - Asia and China. A new check list of fossil Cercopithacoidea – South Africa. 00:12:40 Writing for technical purposes. Describing the course in public journals. The importance of schools and university interacting. Human Biology in school. Localities in South Africa where fossil remains of Baboons have been recovered. Single incisor tooth from Devil’s Lair in Western Australia. Cranial and Mandibles from Broad Beach in South East Queensland. An early site of aboriginal population. 00:15:55 Relative growth rates of the muscle of the Diprotodont Marsupial. Lance Twomey and Curtin University. Working on projects. Marsupials and their unique movements. Urinating dogs and the study of the abductor muscles in the dog’s lower limbs. Suggesting projects for people as they need them. Studying the Middle Ear Ossicles of the Australian Aborigines. Not planning life. 00:19:50 Writings - Evolution and human behaviour – The Sexual Orientation... The Human Evolutionary Enigma. A workman in the biological field. Accepting students. Being awarded for work. The importance of technical people. Feelings toward being awarded. Honorary Fellow. Seeing the changes at the university. The evolving course of Human Biology. 00:24:59 Sad feelings toward the university of today. Dedication to work versus financial reward. The god professor system has changed. Bureaucratisation of the university. The current status of UWA. Isolated university and the current competition. Humankind Retrospect and Prospect. Optimism of humankind. Appreciating the achievements of man. 00:33:03 Rapid technological change and the growth of the human brain. Origins and the evolution of the human brain. Description of the painting in the department of Human Biology. Final words and summaries for the future. Optimism. Evolution moves slowly. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d69bfbbf955dc2f9720d488c1020b554.mp3">Freedman, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c278976c9824e3fac9a07e4286493ad0.mp3">Freedman, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/7dcad4e7ed1485813fb3c2f6af47d6cf.mp3">Freedman, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Leonard Freedman interview, 24 August 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Anatomy and human biology Description An account of the resource This is an interview with Professor Leonard Freedman former head of Human Biology 1975-80. Professor Leonard Freedman was born in Cape Town South Africa and developed an interest in Zoology as a child. At University Freedman majored in Zoology and Microbiology. After working in America and Sydney, Freedman came to UWA in 1970 and with the support of David Allbrook designed the course that would become Anatomy and Human Biology. During the interview he discusses his desire to design a course that encompassed a wide study of the human animal. He was keen to incorporate varied important cultural as well as biological aspects to the course. He looks at the position of the department and at the interaction of other departments at UWA, outlining the popularity of the course at the university, giving credit to the quality of the students who have given it life. He discusses his impressions of the isolated university of 1970 and speaks of how he has seen it grow competing today with the best universities in the world. He looks at the department of Anatomy and Human Biology and discusses the success of the course and how it stands within the national and international academic community. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Freedman, Leonard Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Allen German Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 54 minutes, 14 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 7 minutes, 26 seconds Total: 2 hours, 1 minute, 40 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00:00 Born Gordon Allen German in Aberdeenshire. Father an evangelist in the Plymouth Brethren. Fascination with science. Neuroscience and Freudian psychoanalysis. Scholarship in the Scottish Health Department in brain research, postgraduate in medicine. 00:06:00 Three degrees in three years. Going to London. Chair in East Africa. Taking a Chair in Uganda in 1966. Background in Scottish medicine. Private practitioners working in Perth, Western Australia. Suspicion of academic clinicians in Perth. 00:10:00 Views of Perth private practice. University and private sector. London Postgraduate Institute of Psychiatry. Tradition. Bobby Lewis places graduates all over the world. The Mod Sle. 00:13:00 University splendid but no international standing. Parochial institution in 1962. Comparisons to experiences in Uganda. AMA outcry. Influences coming to UWA. Research programs in the general teaching hospitals in Sir Charles Gairdner and Royal Perth. Interest in mental health of people in third world countries. Difficulty in doing research from Western Australia. Leading authority in mental health problems. Desires for graduates’ futures. Outlining what the thrust in research will be. 00:18:32 Neurophysiology. Studying brain potentials in Perth. Building up neuroscience laboratory. Problems at UWA in 1990s. Fay Gale. Parochial setup in the University. Pride in the research and being placed number one in Australia for research grants. Support of the university to psychology the new science. Interest in how the brain worked. 00:24:26 Coming to Australia. Being deported by Idi Amin. Not wanting to return to England. Cecil Kidd. Applying for the vacant chair in Perth. Isolated university. Parochial university doing good work. Training postgraduate study in psychiatry. Masters in medicine in psychiatry. Fellowship of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychologists. 00:30:16 Designing a curriculum for Master of Medicine. Postgraduate work taken seriously. Training hospitals Sir Charles Gairdner, Royal Perth, Graylands and Heathcote. Archie Ellis. Registrars as trainees. Ron Kilgard. First rotating training team in the country. Success of the scheme. 00:35:27 Exercise in training and integration, bureaucracies working together. Support from the medical faculty and by Whelan and Prescott. Dean of Medicine Gordon King comes through China. Problems with professorial heads. Fay Gale. More problems. Professors on hospital boards. Hospital boards reprimand the university. Fay dubious about the medical school. Medical can start their own college. Monetary and bureaucratic problems. 00:41:58 Internationalisation of university 1972-1989. Malaysian postgraduate training scheme. Attention overseas for research. The Busselton Study. Advantages in W.A. for epidemiology research. Ambition to move research grants from NHMRC. Large research grants. From last to first in 1993-4. Promotion of research. 00:50:00 Interaction of faculties and collaboration. Skills in science. Conflicts. Fay Gale wants peace. Track 2 00:00:00 Problems. Anatomy should not be outside medicine. Medical students and the Department of Anatomy. Location of Human Anatomy and Science. Becoming more involved in the administrative role at the university. Vice Chancellor’s involvement. Whelan, Smith and the Head of Dentistry and Medicine. Fay Gale wants to devolve money. 00:06:30 Fay calls all the heads together. Her team of deputies. Gale’s ideas for the Dean’s role. Adding of divisions. Elected dean. Head of division in constant contact with ministers. Administrative role. Reasons for resigning from the university. Gale relieved. Delicate areas. 00:11:00 Development of the career. Head of Division Dentistry Medicine 1989. UWA community. Hospital settings and the supportive roles. Evolved dramatically into a major international university. Alan Robson runs the university during Gale’s time. 00:16:00 Development of work, sponsored by the WHO. Standing in the world research of third world mental health. Botswana, Swaziland, Malaysia, India. Developing manifestations of psychosis. Changing cultural experiences. Extent of disease of the brain. Other medical duties in third world countries. 00:23:15 Comparisons of the third world countries and Western Australian indigenous people. Aboriginal patterns of disorder similar to African conditions. Politics comes into delusion. Support from WHO and field work. Psychiatry of Poverty.. Rural and remote health care. Emphasis on funding on the big disciplines of surgery. 00:33:45 Three other areas of interest to develop. Cinderella sciences psychiatry. General practice. Lack of a Department of Public Health. Sir Charles Gairdner and Royal Perth and Fremantle hospitals. Department grows enormously. University medical school benefits. Personal crucial part and input to the university. Promoting self-reliance through devolution. 00:40:45 Achievements in primary health care. Psychoanalytic areas. Super cultural core of clinical psychology. Psychoanalysis was a peculiarity and Austrian, German development. John Wing develops tools. Looking at mental illness in a controlled way. Transatlantic Psychic Study. DSM 1 and DSM 4. The evolution of rational treatments. Powerful cognitive therapy. Putting money into health care. 00:49:49 University assisting the wider community. Extension school. Internationalisation of UWA in the field of psychiatry. Graduates. International figures – Dubansky from Geneva comes to the university. Developments in making a name for the university. 00:55:15 UWA world ranking. A top university in Australia. Alan Robson. Building up of local talent and an outpouring of new graduates psychiatric and medical field. Standing up against Oxford and Cambridge. Interacting with other WA universities. UWA’s current path in research and teaching. Rural and remote education. Technology and health care at a distance. 00:59:30 Online mechanism - Inter Psych. High level medicine from outside the city. Depending on studies and research. Formidable research university. Looking back at UWA. Summing up the experience. Health care and availability. Technologies and flow charts. Developed in Tanzania. Looking back at the growth and education. 01:07:07 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1813a7e20e121dc55f67a65d669b8d29.mp3">German, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c0fef724a6efc484d580a1da8e9166b6.mp3">German, Interview 1, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Allen German interview, 4 October 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Medicine; Psychiatry Description An account of the resource Allen German was Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine from 1987 and Head of the Division of Dentistry and Medicine from 1989 at the University of Western Australia. During the interview Allen discusses his extensive career in Psychiatry and his recollections of UWA in association with the development of his career. He looks at the major requirement to develop a modern, undergraduate teaching curriculum in psychiatry, which he sees was achieved despite the department having had expected developments curtailed by the recession of the mid 1970s. He speaks of the postgraduate and professional training he experienced at the university. Allen discusses at some length his personal research and areas of study and career achievements. He looks at the steady decline in funding at the University of Western Australia. He recalls the level of competitive research in Australian Medical Schools in association with the university and its development. He looks at his personal experiences at the University of WA and looks back at his involvement with fondness. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource German, Allen Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UWA Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder: University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Annette Goerke Location The location of the interview City Beach, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 37 minutes, 45 seconds Interview 2: 48 minutes, 22 seconds Total: 1 hour, 26 minutes, 7 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:43 Track 2 00:00 Born Maureen Annette Parkes in Perth in 1938, the youngest of six children. Spent her childhood in the country. Learnt to play the piano and went to about 8 different schools (4 of them boarding). 00:30 The last two years of secondary school was done at Santa Maria College in Attadale. By 1955, her leaving year, she was up to the AMEB Associate Diploma. 01:14 Track 3 00:00 Musical education at Santa Maria was very broad. Annette Goerke (AG) was also given the opportunity to accompany the school choir and to take part in musical productions. 00:58 Left school in 1955 but was invited to become the organist at St Mary’s Cathedral in her final year at school. Father Albert Lynch was her teacher. He founded the liturgical all male cathedral choir in 1938. At this time, he was the Parish priest at Applecross. He was a hard task master but very supportive until his death in 1976. 03:05 St Mary’s just had one appointment as cathedral organist. 03:41 AG spent the first year after leaving school learning the organ. She also had piano lessons with Alice Carrard. The previous cathedral organist came on occasionally to assist in her first few months. 04:30 The next year AG decided she had to earn some money to supplement the 2 guineas a month she earned as cathedral organist (plus weddings). She enrolled at Underwood Business College in Murray Street, close to Forrest Place (next to Bairds Department Store) in order to do part-time secretarial work. In the middle of the year when the course was completed the college asked her to teach typewriting by the principal, Miss Watson who was a lover of classical music. They also allowed her to fulfil her commitments at the cathedral. 06:01 Track 4 00:00 In her free time AG liked dancing. She met her husband at a church social group dance. They were married in 1960. They lived in a flat in Terrace Drive near the Christian Brothers College (now occupied by the Duxton Hotel). AG played for the morning cathedral choir practices and then walked on to work at Underwood Business College. She continued to do this until about 1963. In 1963 they decided to start building their present home in City Beach. 01:40 At that time married women often gave up work. The previous cathedral organist gave up playing when she got married. When AG expressed the wish to continue playing at the cathedral this was accepted and agreed. 02:48 In about 1963, some work was done on the cathedral organ. This was badly needed. It was renovated, enlarged and relocated from the west end gallery to the south transept. 04:09 This made the instrument more reliable and enabled AG to audition for the ABC and do broadcasts. 04:33 Before the renovation work, ciphers (notes) would stick and made playing it quite traumatic. The ABC came to hear AG playing the organ at the cathedral. 05:49 At this time church services were broadcast on ABC radio regularly. St Mary’s high mass at 11am was broadcast on the first Sunday of every month. 07:14 Track 5 00:00 1965 doing regular broadcasts at the ABC. Hoping for children but they didn’t arrive so in 1966 AG decided to enrol for a Bachelor of Music degree in composition at UWA. There was a quota system in place. 01:25 The degree could be done part-time. Professor Callaway interviewed AG and advised her to enrol in 3 of the 4 First Year units to have a better chance of selection. 02:20 AG was accepted and was only a couple of months into her study when she discovered that she was pregnant. In the six years she was studying, AG had 3 daughters. She was very busy as she was studying and playing at St Mary’s and doing recital broadcasts for the ABC and was orchestral organist and soloist with WASO . She also did lunchtime recitals at UWA. This was only made possible by the support of her husband and family. 03:41 The minimum time was spent at University – just lectures and tutorials. Many of the students were part-time and the lectures were often scheduled after 4pm. The listening and studying could be done at home. She was not a typical 1960s university student and didn’t take part in student activities such as PROSH. 05:27 Many of the Bachelor of Music degree students were mature age and part-time. 05:48 Track 6 00:00 The Music Department was located in Tuart House at the corner of Mounts Bay Road and Crawley Avenue. It used to be the Vice Chancellor’s residence. It was an idyllic location. Next door was the Zoology Department. 00:53 Many of the rooms were small and no doubt staff looked forward to moving to purpose-built premises (which they did in 1976). 01:28 A larger lecture theatre had been built onto the back of the building. The library was also located here. 02:27 Most of the students doing the Bachelor of Music composition degree at this time were mature-age, studying part-time and were professional performers. These included Graham Wood, Ashley Arbuckle (violin); John Dean (viola); Peter Finch (clarinet & saxophone); Wendy Nash; Frank Arndt; Wallace Tate. 03:17 Younger students who were doing the music core units as part of their degree would spend considerable time on the main campus. Those doing the Bachelor of Music would do one non-music unit out of 14. This meant that the music department in Tuart House was almost self-contained. 04:07 It was a very broad course covering history of music, interpretation of early music, ethnomusicology, orchestration and instrumentation, musicianship, keyboard work as well as composition and writing in various styles. These composition units were principally one-to-one lectures or tutorials. 04:48 Frank Callaway was head of department and there were about 6 full time staff including David Tunley, David Symons, John Hind (university organist), Laughton Harris and Sally Kester. 05:50 Track 7 00:00 Assessment took the form of weekly oral tests, assignments, major essays and end of year exams. 00:31 The oral testing gave the students an idea of how they were doing. The composition units were working one to one with the teacher so students were clear on how they were progressing. There were also listening tests. 01:41 AG cannot remember anybody failing the course. The students were scrutinised before they were allowed to undertake the degree. 02:19 Due to the close relationship with staff, students could always discuss any problems they might be having. If the students had problems it is more likely that they would be made aware of them rather than the other way around. 02:42 Track 8 00:00 Winston Churchill Memorial Trust established in Australia in 1965. The aim of the trust was to give opportunities for overseas study that is no available in Australia. There are no prescribed qualifications. Merit is the primary criteria plus the extent to which the applicant’s work will benefit the Australian community. It is expected that the fellow will return to Australia and apply the knowledge that is gained from their Fellowship. This is a condition of the award. 01:58 AG was in her last year at UWA in 1971 when she put in an application. At the time she had a four year old, a two year old and a baby who was only a few weeks old. Her husband had agreed to come with her and help with the children. She had to get a release from the cathedral and they agreed as long as she was present for the Easter ceremonies and back by Christmas. 02:49 Referees were the Catholic Archbishop of Perth, Father Albert Lynch and John Hind, the university organist. David Tunley and Professor Callaway also lent their support. A mutual friend, Molly McGurk, had been awarded a Churchill Fellowship and advised on the application. 03:46 You had to state in the application what you were going to do. In AG’s case, advanced organ studies with Marie-Claire Alain in Paris and to attend the international summer academy for organists in Harlem in the Netherlands. AG was interested in the interpretation of 17th, early 18th century music (covered so well in theory at UWA by David Tunley). This study in Paris gave that theory practical knowledge to play the instruments for which that music was written (the French Baroque). 04:38 It led to her buying a 22-stop organ for home based on the classical French design. It has been good for her students to hear those French sounds. 05:03 AG was away for nearly a year and benefited greatly from that concentrated study. She believes that she has passed this knowledge on. 05:32 Master classes in Harlem also invaluable. Studied the works of Bach with Anton Heiller and contemporary music with Werner Jacob. Had the opportunity to play on the modern and historical instruments during that summer academy during those three weeks. There was also a wide range of music available for purchase. 06:22 The non-teaching break following Harlem gave her the opportunity to visit places such as St Marks in Venice, Wagner’s Festspielhaus in Bayreuth, and St Bach’s Thomas Church in Leipzig etc. During the six months in Paris she had the opportunity to listen to Olivier Messiaen play at La Trinité each Sunday. 07:09 Track 9 00:00 Reflecting back on studying at UWA. It inspired AG to go overseas for further study. The units covering orchestration and instrumentation were extremely useful in later life. 01:04 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:29 Track 2 00:00 Return from Europe in 1973. University organist John Hind was to take sabbatical leave and Professor Callaway requested that AG act in his absence and teach his performance students and any new enrolments. This was her first experience of teaching but felt confident enough to do so after her Churchill Fellowship. Also did some part time harmony assignment marking and tutoring of another unit in the Music Department. 01:18 Gave a number of lunchtime recitals at UWA for the music society. Also started recording for the ABC with WASO’s principal trumpet, Kevin Johnson. Also did some ABC broadcasts. 01:41 Also involved in a project with the organist of St George’s Cathedral, Michael Wentzell to play the complete organ works of Bach. Michael was the President of the Organ Society at this time and AG was Vice President. Due to his sudden death in 1973 the work was not completed. 02:13 At the end of 1973 AG was appointed Director of Music at St Mary’s Cathedral assuming responsibility for the choir as well as being organist. The children were aged 6, 4 and 2 at the time. 02:36 The teaching at UWA was individual performance lessons and would be negotiated according to the student’s timetable and her availability. The Department was still located at Tuart House and things had not change much while AG was away in Europe. 03:12 Track 3 00:00 AG’s Graduation Ceremony took place when she was in Paris 1972. The first UWA organist was Michael Brimer who was a lecturer in music from 1962 to 1965. He gave the opening recital on the McGillvray Organ in January 1965. He gave other recitals which were very well attended. 00:59 John Hind followed from 1966 to 1981. Both Michael and John were full time members of staff in the Music Department. When AG was appointed in 1982 she had served as Acting Organist on two occasions. She continued in this position during the 1980s. She took a break in the 1990s. They didn’t appoint a University Organist in this time but used guest organists. AG started playing again in the late 1990s when she left St Mary’s Cathedral and was officially reappointed in 2002. 02:13 The conditions have changed over that time. The organist plays for all University graduations and official ceremonies and give advice on the use of the organ. The volume of work has risen considerably. There used to be 4 graduations a year and a University Sunday service. There is no longer a Sunday service but in 2013 there were 17 or 18 graduation ceremonies split over two seasons. 03:23 Previously the Music Department had to be advised about the use of the organ in Winthrop Hall by non-University hirers, today it is a commercial venue administered by University Theatres. [Pause to allow garbage truck to go past]. 04:05 Requirement for graduations was to play a short recital before the ceremony began. It was free choice and AG could play more secular music. Procession music would be similar to what was played at St Mary’s Cathedral. 04:47 Track 4 00:00 AG has played for graduations of ex-students she taught, ex choir boys from St Mary’s Cathedral and their parents who did further education as well as relatives. 00:51 UWA music Bachelor of Music degree was now available in performance and music education. 01:32 AG began teaching organ students in 1973. Her part time tutoring had to stop at the end of 1973 due to her appointment as Director of Music at St Mary’s Cathedral. She always continued to teach students in organ performance and still does. 02:12 There were a number of mature age students who she remained in contact with. Many have since moved overseas and they meet up quite regularly in Paris. 02:47 Australia has had some very good organists. It is easy to study the organ if there is something at the end of it. It is difficult to get work as an organist unless you are going into a church position. It is hard to make your career as a concert organist. 04:14 Track 5 00:00 ABC recital work continued on her return from Europe and continued for 25 years until the cathedral organ became unreliable for broadcast recording. 01:09 By this time the ABC was starting to cut back in that area. From mid-1960 to 1990 it had been a heyday for recording organ musical programmes. There were many musical programmes broadcast on the radio. 02:37 At the end of 1972 AG began working with Graham Johnson the principal trumpeter at WASO. They did many trumpet and organ broadcasts and concerts. Also with the Perth Chamber Brass. 03:09 Ray Irving from the ABC Music Department was a great support and a fantastic mentor. He liked the combination of brass and organ. Ray died in early 2013. A few later AG’s French organ teacher, Marie-Claire Alain also died. 04:34 Track 6 00:00 AG started doing lunchtime recitals at UWA in 1968 quite independently of her University studies. She played at Winthrop and did a number of concerts for the University Music Society often playing with visiting overseas trumpet players such as Gordon Reid (NZ), Edward Tarr (USA), and Graham Ashton (UK). 00:57 AG has kept up an association with concerts at UWA through the recent “Keyed Up” concert series and others. A CD of UWA musical treasures was produced for the UWA Centenary. 01:52 Through the lunchtime recital series she was able to introduce audiences to many large scale organ works such as Charles Camilleri's 'Missa Mundi', Petr Eben's 'Faust' and 'Job' and in particular the works of Olivier Messiaen. AG’s association with Olivier Messiaen goes back to her first recital at St Mary’s in 1963 and has since played most of his works. AG had never heard any recording of La Nativité but was assisted by Father Lynch. 03:17 While in Paris in 1972, AG was able to listen to Olivier Messiaen play every Sunday at Eglise de la Trinité. 03:27 AG gave the first WA performances of his later lengthy works in Winthrop Hall. She also recorded his works for the ABC. 03:56 Recent recitals of Messiaen’s music have been associated with anniversaries. He died in 1992. On the first anniversary of his death, AG was invited to give a memorial recital for the Melbourne International Festival of Organ and Harpsichord held in St Patrick’s Cathedral. In 1996, the Festival of Perth featured a lot of his music but not organ music. 05:03 AG decided to do a 3pm recital at St Mary’s and make the link between Messiaen’s music and religious inspiration playing under the stained glass windows. He is highly regarded as an original composer and teacher of composition and analysis. 07:16 The next anniversary in 2002 was the 10th anniversary of his death. AG gave a recital in Winthrop Hall and recorded a CD on the McGillvray organ entitled “Resurrection”. 07:43 The last anniversary was the 100th anniversary of his birth in 2008. 08:06 Track 7 00:00 The organ at Winthrop Hall was acoustically different to the one at St Mary’s. St Mary’s was more romantic and the McGillvray organ more classical. 00:46 It was easy to get an audience at Winthrop for recitals of Messiaen’s music. However 800 people came to the recital in 1996 at St Mary’s (probably due to the publicity by the Perth Festival of his works). 02:00 Organ students at UWA had to practice where they could find an organ. It was not easy. A tracker action mechanical instrument is the ideal. Both Winthrop and St Mary’s had electrical action. Trinity College in East Perth has been very generous in allowing students to practice on their organ and for examinations. This was built by the same person who built AG’s organ at home. 03:24 Many of the matured aged students were already playing at a church so they could practice and use that organ for examinations. 03:40 It was always difficult to book practice time in Winthrop Hall even for students’ final recitals as there was always something happening there. During exams the hall of the Undercroft was virtually out of bounds. This made things very challenging. 04:29 Track 8 00:00 AG’s work with WASO – orchestral organist and soloist. The venue for WASO concerts from about 1967 was Winthrop Hall. Prior to this they used the Capitol Theatre in William Street, Perth. The Perth Concert Hall was opened in 1973. In 1969 WASO did the first performance of the Poulenc organ concerto at Winthrop. AG was soloist for the Poulenc concerto and a Handel organ concerto. AG gave the first WA performance of the Poulenc concerto in 1967 with an amateur orchestra in the Trinity Congregational Church. 02:06 Over the years AG had many opportunities as a soloist, two in the Concert Hall were televised in 1984 and 1985. Doing solo work with WASO was readily available at that time. Then things dried up. 03:19 When AG was a student a lot of her fellow students were from WASO. They were matured aged students and weren’t studying performance at UWA. Standards are very high but it is possible for UWA performance students to join WASO if they have enough talent. Many of them go to ANAM and work in a training orchestra first. 04:32 AG has played with WASO when the score requires the use of an organ. In 1997 went on an Eastern States tour. Concerts were given in the Sydney Opera House and the Melbourne Concert Hall. AG was given practice time to familiarise herself with those organs which were vastly different to the ones she had been used to. The organ at the Sydney Opera House was a Ron Sharp organ (the same as in the Perth Concert Hall). The organ in Melbourne was very different and was of French design. 06:50 AG is not sure if the tour was initiated by WASO or whether they were invited. 07:25 Track 9 00:00 The Festival of Perth started when AG was about 15 years old. In the 1960s there were programmes as part of the Festival called “Music in the Churches”. In 1965 for the first time there was an organ in a public venue – Winthrop Hall. Michael Brimer gave an all Bach recital for the Festival. 02:03 From then on the Festival regularly brought international organists to Perth to give recitals on that instrument. Gillian Weir was just beginning her career, whereas E Power Biggs was coming to the end of his. Others included Marilyn Mason, Nicholas Danby, Susi Jeans, and Jennifer Bate. Some returned 2 or 3 times. Organ recitals were in their heyday and well patronised. 02:54 Winthrop Hall was not air conditioned which made things challenging for the artist, the audience and the instrument itself! 03:22 The recitals at UWA continued until 1977 when the new Sharp instrument in the Perth Concert Hall was used (4 years after the Concert Hall opened. 03:56 Organists featured less frequently in Festival of Perth programmes from 1977 until it became quite rare to have an organ recital in the Festival. 04:52 In 1968, Gillian Weir was just starting her career. In 1977 when the Perth Concert Hall was inaugurated she was engaged to play at that opening ceremony and subsequently to give one of the two Perth Festival solo recitals on the newly installed Ronald Sharp instrument. They also gave AG an opportunity to do the second. 05:44 Gillian Weir also visited the UWA Music Department as musician in residence. She performed the complete organ works of J S Bach in 14 recitals on the McGillvray organ. She also conducted Master Classes. 06:05 The artist in residence scheme had been inaugurated at UWA just a few years earlier in about 1973. Distinguished international musicians joined the teaching staff of the Music Department as visitors. In addition to their teaching programmes they performed public recitals. 06:35 Gilliam Weir returned the next year as well (1978) and did 7 recitals. In 1979 Gillian Weir returned again and was Chief Adjudicator in the organ division of the National Eisteddfod that was held in Perth. It was a major project for the State’s 150th anniversary celebrations. She played harpsichord and organ as well as lecturing. 07:30 UWA has been very fortunate to have Gillian return so frequently. She came back for another Festival of Perth in 1987 where she gave recitals in the Perth Concert Hall and St George’s Cathedral. Gillian has been Patron of the local Organ Society for many years. She has only recently retired from her career as a concert organist. 08:55 Track 10 00:00 1996 Awarded Papal award ‘Crucem Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice’ in recognition for her 40 years’ service to St Mary’s Cathedral. AG took Long Service Leave from the cathedral after 43 years’ service and this prompted her to retire. It was quite daunting as she had been there since she was 16 years old and had a strong personal family connection to the Cathedral. However retiring from St Mary’s had given her opportunities to pursue other interests. 02:32 At this time AG started playing for a number of ceremonies at UWA encouraged by Peter Leunig who was working at the Office of Development at that time. She did all the graduations in 2001 and accepted the role of University organist again officially in 2002. 03:06 She was very honoured to receive a Chancellor’s Medal in 2004 in recognition of service to the community and UWA. 03:27 There is a family tradition of studying music at UWA. AG’s daughter Trish did a Bachelor of Music at UWA and now her grandson Jonty (Trish’s son) is about to enter the Music Department of UWA as a student in 2014. He has been awarded a Tunley Scholarship. Trish and Jonty both play the flute. Trish was taught by David Tunley’s wife Paula. AG feels very much part of the UWA family. 06:11 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/71aff29d77427615d0bfce767ce7253d.mp3">Goerke, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/840194cb39841c30a7342be9375eca77.mp3">Goerke, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b4bdd26b9e90e4aa88de5dd43945ad5a.mp3">Goerke, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c4caf25c8f95fe1db0f286fa61a11a3f.mp3">Goerke, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/316eda38156068e56b819e2a620d7681.mp3">Goerke, Interview 1, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/17f077e3da47316fc3abdb2b7deec29c.mp3">Goerke, Interview 1, Track 6</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0c2783b5eb8f39f248ad2ae01f72d8ef.mp3">Goerke, Interview 1, Track 7</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b8d2a639ffc92508aca003424a1689b8.mp3">Goerke, Interview 1, Track 8</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5d6fec2052c9dc49c949a27c624eccb2.mp3">Goerke, Interview 1, Track 9</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/81c069d9eafceff07349b65240353cc6.mp3">Goerke, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/977ff448630e047ccf86096008864410.mp3">Goerke, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/4cfeb7dceed92e5e985d818a92a7d4c3.mp3">Goerke, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1d9305a3316b314580b3476ea15075cf.mp3">Goerke, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f2f4d4a4957be1bdcabcbdf2509dfc1b.mp3">Goerke, Interview 2, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0fec06192492248b1b2272474bb605aa.mp3">Goerke, Interview 2, Track 6</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f0a601ba27b63ce4449e552441368782.mp3">Goerke, Interview 2, Track 7</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/82a10cf39e78917f9411abd5bd9bb36c.mp3">Goerke, Interview 2, Track 8</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/7184179cfe4f53ad2712628631555905.mp3">Goerke, Interview 2, Track 9</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b596c428ae709c9c09d37bf18df20094.mp3">Goerke, Interview 2, Track 10</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Annette Goerke interview, 13 January 2014 and 20 January 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Music Description An account of the resource Annette Goerke was appointed organist at St Mary's Roman Catholic Cathedral in Perth, Western Australia at the age of 17. After 18 years as Cathedral organist, she was appointed Director of Music assuming responsibility for the choir in addition to playing duties and continued with this dual role for a further 25 years. A graduate of the University of Western Australia, she has maintained her association with the University through teaching for the School of Music, as University organist and as a regular recitalist. Annette’s awards include the Papal award 'Crucem Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice' for her services to St Mary’s Cathedral and a Churchill Fellowship for advanced organ studies. She regularly performed in recital broadcasts for a number of Australian Broadcasting Corporation programmes and has also appeared with the West Australia Symphony Orchestra. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Goerke, Annette Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Peter Grigg Location The location of the interview Claremont, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 56 minutes, 52 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:50 Track 2 00:00 Peter John Grigg was born on 7 June 1925. He started his schooling at Darlington State School aged 6 and then went to Hale School. He joined the Royal Australian Navy in 1942. Peter’s older brother was an architectural student and he had thought that he could do engineering and work with him but he was killed at Kokoda. Peter’s father was a builder. At the end of the Second World War, Peter returned to Perth Technical College to do his matriculation. He got an Associate in Architecture from Perth Tech and became involved with various committees for the Royal Institute of Architects, especially on the practice committee. Because of this involvement, in 1971 he was invited by Roger Johnson who was the Reader and Acting Head of the School of Architecture at UWA, to become visiting lecturer for professional practice in the Fifth year. 06:00 The head of the school at Perth Technical College was Bill Robbie. The course involved construction, the history of architecture, plumbing, wood working, cabinet making, architecture drawing and drafting. Practical classes were held at Leederville Technical College on brick laying, timber work and painting. It was a very practical approach to architecture. Peter graduated in 1954 and started work at Cameron Chisholm and Nichol. Then he moved to Oldham Boas & Ednie-Brown where he remained for some years. He did commercial and residential work. Peter assisted with the drawings for South Fremantle Power Station. It was a strict brief. Structural engineers were involved in the project as well. The drawings were done manually on tracing paper or on fine linen that was used for drafting. All the drawing was done by hand in the days before computers. 11:23 Studio sessions at UWA consisted of a student being set a problem such as designing a 2 bedroom apartment. In those days sketch plans were submitted for the client’s approval. Peter taught the students professional practice in the 5th year and the law in relation to professional practice and contract drawings. This continued when he was a full-time member of staff. He lectured on the responsibilities of the architect at common law and contract law. Parallel to that, Peter taught second year studio work in simple design programmes. He also lectured in building construction. Margaret Pitt-Morison ran a history course; Peter Bruechle taught introduction to engineering problems associated with building. Plumbing consultants were part-time visiting lecturers. Some of the attitudes from Perth Tech were carried over to WAIT and thence to UWA. The studio teaching method was popular around the world. A lot of students liked to build models. A three dimensional model was used to explain to clients how the building would look. Computer design has now replaced the need for models. 17:03 When Peter came to UWA, Roger Johnson was Head of School. There was no Professor as such because Professor Gordon Stephenson was busy doing other things. The department was located in temporary ex-army buildings near the Sunken Garden. In second year, Peter had approximately 15-20 students; often the majority were females. A few dropped off during the course and had to repeat years. It was a demanding course. The students would do their studio work after hours to complete projects. Each student had a work station and a drawing board. The course did not include a practical component but Peter took his 2nd year students to building sites at weekends to reinforce the lectures. He also took students to Rottnest for sketching and he held an art week at York where they did clay modelling, painting and live drawing classes to develop their artistic skills. 23:21 UWA had a number of visiting lecturers as they had a limited staff ratio and budget. The visitors could take subjects that the staff did not have the skill to teach. Peter did not attend staff meetings until he became full-time. John White came from WAIT. Roger Johnson was Gordon Stephenson’s planning assistant in the plan for UWA. Cal Green was a general lecturer. Derek Carruthers brought his expertise in acoustics to the school and headed up building science. Geoff Roy was the computer whizz. Peter did a sabbatical year in Britain and visited offices that were using computers. 27:18 When Peter was teaching at UWA the only architectural courses in Perth were run by WAIT and UWA. When the School of Architecture at UWA started in 1968, it was agreed that they would accept Fourth Year students from WAIT. Peter thought both courses were equally good. David Stanton from WAIT published some good works and Peter consulted with him on issues to do with course work. The courses were similar. Town Planning was not a strongly developed unit at UWA despite the interest of Professor Gordon Stephenson. It would have been covered in the course on professional practice. Planning legislation would have been taught in 5th year. Landscape architecture was taught part-time by the university landscape architect. Roger Johnson devised the colour scheme for the UWA buildings being cream and orange. 33:13 A visiting lecturer who came from Denmark espoused that buildings could claim the site or merge with the site. The students were taught “good mannered” architecture – i.e. to be sensitive to the streetscape. In the days before exhaust fans, designing buildings was quite tricky due to regulations regarding ventilation and light. Designing a building to take account of sunshade and shade was also taught. 39:17 Students sometimes had to work on joint projects. The studio situation took over the role of the tutorial and students got one to one attention. Peter did not enjoy setting exam papers. Most of the students got jobs. They did not necessarily have to become architects but could use the expertise they had learnt to take them into different areas. 43:25 Visiting scholars arrived on a fairly regular basis. Some of the UWA students did a semester in Denmark which exposed them to European architecture. A lecturer from Denmark also visited and taught studio work. The students all wanted to travel to Europe. Some Perth Tech students went to work in London straight after graduating. Architecture trends were taught in architectural history. John White, Ralph Drexel and Cal Green would have all been involved with this. 46:55 Architectural schools in Australia would be inspected each cycle (perhaps every 3-5 years) and the inspectors had to approve the course. The courses did not change much over the 13 years that Peter was teaching. The introduction of computers and building science were the biggest changes. The School was moved to its present location after Peter retired in 1985. 50:12 The School of Architecture was quite self-sufficient although Peter did mix socially with Martin Webb from Geography and Reg Moir from Agriculture. There was no inter-faculty engagement except perhaps with Engineering. Some of the students did extra units in courses outside of Architecture. Peter really enjoyed teaching his students. He often invited them to lunch and showed them the house that he had built in the final year he was at Perth Technical College. It was located at Mosman Park and had a northern exposure and sunlight control. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d6314a4b343e77f2578ec2d5bc39c7fa.mp3">Grigg, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/3870eb1116ed9b4f39c556dd103fd43e.mp3">Grigg, Interview 1, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peter Grigg interview, 31 October 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Architecture Description An account of the resource Peter Grigg studied architecture at Perth Technical College. He graduated with an Associate in Architecture in 1954. After graduating, he worked in private practice for Cameron Chisholm & Nichol and later, Oldham Boas & Ednie-Brown. During this period he was involved with the design drawings for South Fremantle Power Station. In 1971, he was invited by Roger Johnson, Reader at the School of Architecture at UWA to lecture part-time. He became a full-time lecturer at UWA in 1975 and taught Professional Practice at the School of Architecture until his retirement in 1985. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grigg, Peter Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Jack Kent and Martin Grounds Location The location of the interview Fremantle, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 2 hours, 6 minutes, 58 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:00:47 Track 2 00:00:00 John (“Jack”) Mallet Kent’s father established a book shop in Forrest Place, Perth. Jack was steered towards architecture by guidance counsellors but started a geology degree at UWA. Some weeks into the degree, he switched to study architecture at Perth Technical College. 00:04:28 The architecture department at Perth Technical College was housed in old buildings. Students had access to Perth for recreation. The profession had offices in the city and West Perth. The course used to be 2-3 years full-time and then students were employed for 70% of their time and studied for 30%. When Jack started at Perth Tech, the study was all full time with no practical component. The former model brought the students and the profession together. Every Friday night, the architects met in the bar of the Adelphi Hotel and students could go along to talk to them and ask questions. Today a void exists between academia and the profession. 00:09:28 The teaching at Perth Tech became more theoretically based. Today the responsibility of educating graduates in practical skills falls more on the profession. The profession can invest time into a graduate only to have them seek employment elsewhere when they become competent. However, current graduates do bring digital technology skills into the office. 00:13:50 In Jack’s day, there was no practical element to the course. The emphasis was on academic tuition. Unfortunately some of the teachers at Perth Tech were not competent teachers. 50% of the lecturers were recent graduates and very enthusiastic. The other 50% used old textbooks that were not really relevant to Australian conditions. 00:17:57 Buildings in Perth were quite conventional. The students were interested in the houses being built by architects such as John White, Duncan Richards, Wally Greenham and Bill Kierath. Design exercises in the studio involved some public housing inspired by architects such as Le Corbusier in France. 00:22:32 Martin Haslett Grounds is Jack’s partner in GKA. Martin wanted to become a farmer but realised that you needed land and wealth to make a living! Martin’s father was an architect and his uncle was a famous architect in Victoria. He had followed his father around on many of his jobs. He was an excellent draughtsman. Martin did his leaving at Leederville Technical College. He worked in Port Hedland in the break and then came to Perth Technical College to study architecture in about 1965. 00:28:32 Martin recalled that the students were very bolshie about the education they were receiving at Perth Technical College and that the place was “seething with discontent”. They were kept very busy. Reid Shaw was head of the design studio in first year and was very intimidating. Students worked in the studio late at night and on weekends finishing their projects such as designing a kindergarten. Students took drawing classes in perspective and suchlike at the Fine Arts Department in James Street. Many of these inspiring teachers such as George Haynes, Guy Grey-Smith and Robert Juniper became famous artists. Students studied structures in the Engineering Department at Perth Tech under professional engineers. They hated studying building construction and the history of architecture. Martin and Jack recall being forced to use split Indian ink pens for drafting which the profession had abandoned ten years previously! 00:38:04 Martin did not work during the vacation time. Jack was a cadet at the State Government Public Works Department. He did this for 2 years and resigned. He did not fit in as he wore jeans and a sheepskin coat and he found the PWD too bureaucratic. Cadets signed indenture papers. The whole thing was quite medieval. Students used vacations to complete personal projects. 00:43:56 The UWA course had been running for about two years by the time that Martin was in third year at Perth Tech. He was able to swap to UWA after third year. Some students went to Curtin University. A full time university course did not comprise any practical aspect in an architect’s office. Many students failed units and had to repeat them but you had to pass design. Martin recalled there were 100 students in first year at Perth Tech. By second year, this had whittled down to less than 50. By third year, there would have been about 30 students. The high attrition rate was directly related to the amount of time that students had to study – especially in the design unit. It did not allow them the opportunity to work part time to earn money. Those who stuck it out knew that they would be able to find work – even if it wasn’t in an architectural office. 00:50:51 Track 3 00:00 The Australian Architecture Students’ Association Conventions were annual events. Jack was secretary of the WA branch. He realised how much work organising a conference involved and did not want Perth to host the conference. Martin recalled many of them piling into an old Hillman and driving across to Sydney for a previous conference. The students’ conference was usually held before the Institute’s conference. The Sydney conference was significant but the Perth conference [held in 1966] totally overwhelmed the Institute’s conference. Student conferences were concerned with the education of architects. A significant player at that time was Paul Ritter , the town planner who arrived in Perth in late 1964. He agreed to speak at the conference. Most of the other speakers were from overseas. The conference was hugely successful even though managing the budget was very stressful. 00:08:08 The theme of the conference was Architectural Education. The objective was to highlight the failings of the present educational system. Invited speakers were all interested in education and better educational buildings. Team 10 invitees included Jakob Bakema, Aldo van Eyck and John Voelcker. Some of the invitees were from communist countries. A party travelling from South Africa were banned from leaving the country. It is thought that the CIA was responsible for this. All the presenters were positive and enthusiastic. Martin is amazed that a man of Buckminster Fuller’s repute would bother attending a student conference – especially as they could only pay half the fee that was agreed; he was 73 years old; and had been designing geodesic domes for the American military. 00:16:05 The conference was exciting and stimulating and inspired and motivated Martin for the rest of his undergraduate days. About 500 students attended from all over Australia. They were billeted out in various places including the Showgrounds and Claremont Teacher’s College. The speakers were accommodated at various hotels in Perth. Most of the conference business took place at Claremont Teacher’s Training College. Events were held at UWA and at Yanchep. At Yanchep they had a band complete with scaffolding for a band stand, speakers and lights and food for 500 people. 00:24:43 The conference took place in about April or May. John White and more especially Duncan Richards were inspired by the conference. Duncan Richards did some projects with the students involving geodesic domes. Richards built a house in Darlington using Unistrut material. The course structure at UWA may have also been affected as Sir Harold Marshall was employed to teach acoustics to the students. There was no ‘dead wood’ amongst the lecturers at UWA. Professor Gordon Stephenson was ‘old school’ and architectural royalty in Perth. He would admonish the students for doing extra curricula activities like running a screen printing business out of the design studio, building rockets and organising the T-Square Ball. 00:28:32 Jack organised the Architects’ Ball which was known as the T-Square Ball. It took place in the Embassy Ballroom. It was vast and took months to decorate. It was the social event of the year. One year Martin made the decorations which were life size cut out cardboard celebrities. “Sympathy for the Devil” by The Rolling Stones played in the lift. This was the 1960s, a time of flower power and revolution around the world. 00:32:26 Most of the time at UWA was spent in the studio. It was a new faculty and they were a tight knit group. They felt quite separate from the rest of the campus. The fact they were in temporary mines department transportable buildings from Kalgoorlie provided a special bond. UWA staff encouraged them to explore their own ideas rather than be spoon fed and regurgitate what they had been taught. Sometimes, they could suggest their own projects. Students chose the topic for their 5th year thesis. Track 4 00:38:01 There was very little mingling between faculties due to the size of the campus. Martin Webb delivered lectures to the students in the Geography Department on urban planning. Otherwise, they were very isolated. Martin recalled putting together a float for PROSH based on the Australian fitness guru Sue Becker. The architecture students in their group didn’t get involved with the Guild. There were student protests (about Vietnam for instance) but they cannot recall these in any detail. 00:43:22 The students still mixed with the profession. They would drop in for Friday night drinks at the offices of Howlett and Bailey Architects. They also had contact with the profession through graduate students. The professional was sold tickets to the T-Square Ball. One of their contemporaries (a student from Malaysia) presented an award to Tony Brand at Forbes & Fitzhardinge for the worst designed building of the year. There was only one girl, Maxine Canning, who lasted the distance. She transferred to Melbourne for the final two years as she felt persecuted by the academic staff. Today the majority of the students are females. There was one female lecturer at Perth Tech. Margaret Feilman was a part-time lecturer in town planning for the senior students at Perth Tech. She had been a rebel in her day. 00:50:03 Stephenson was involved in setting the guidelines for the form and materials of the buildings on campus. The students toured the Law Faculty because the building won a prize for the first successful building using off-form concrete. It was a sensation. The students did not involve themselves in controversies over Perth architecture however some firms had a better reputation than others. By this time, the profession was aware that certain materials were more appropriate for use in Perth’s climate. 00:56:21 Martin and Jack were not really aware of their own style and direction but knew what they didn’t want to do. In retrospect, they probably were influenced by things without realising it which makes it easy for them to work together and agree on things in their own practice. GKA works predominantly in Asia. They try to incorporate the material and culture of a particular country in their design. After graduating, they both worked in separate firms but always kept in touch and were sometimes even in the same building. Their partnership stemmed from a successful resort hotel design in 1989 which won the competition for Four Seasons Resort, Jimbaran, Bali. It was a 147 villas style hotel. Each villa had its own swimming pool which was a new concept. They have concentrated on designing resort hotels ever since. 01:02:11 The work has a great deal of variety because all the sites are different. Fallingwater was an inspiration for Martin and he is sure that sometimes they rework things into their own designs – not to follow them slavishly but to cherry pick design elements. The firm is design orientated and is not driven purely by profit. At Perth Tech it was driven into them that form follows function. Materials should be used appropriately and not do tricks to achieve an end. They are respectful of the materials they use and want their buildings to stand the test of time. The people at the 1966 conference were very ethical and had a sound philosophy and so did Duncan Richards and John White. Martin feels GKA have integrity in their architecture that has been passed down from their student days. 01:09:48 They don’t lecture at UWA as they are travelling constantly but they have had a number of UWA students work at their firm. One of them is now a partner in a London firm of architects. In Bali, they have been responsible for incubating 7 other architectural practices. In 2014, the two top students in Western Australia who won prizes were working for GKA. 01:15:20 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0b7f4f25b2f7031d74f0b0f9d4684270.mp3">Grounds, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/de717dc1a5234a1fd8f5b7d35abbe71e.mp3">Grounds, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/39d819711a2e93f3a05fc37c39d86d15.mp3">Grounds, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/4beab8be1e9c2028f6dfa3935835cc23.mp3">Grounds, Interview 1, Track 4</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Martin Grounds and John (Jack) Kent interview, 9 January 2015 Subject The topic of the resource Architecture Description An account of the resource Martin Grounds and Jack Kent first met at Perth Technical College studying architecture. They both went on to study at the University of Western Australia. After graduating, they collaborated on several projects before Grounds Kent Architects was created. Directors Jack and Martin share a vision to create a small, hands-on, design oriented practice that allows them to be dedicated, responsive and connected to their clients throughout the design process. Their philosophy is that wherever possible architecture should involve and reflect local conditions, materials and traditions. Each project should reflect the sense of place unique to its location. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grounds, Martin and Kent, John (Jack) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History