2 10 84 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Antoinette Kennedy Location The location of the interview Trigg, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 13 minutes, 36 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 6 minutes, 55 seconds Interview 3: 1 hour, 19 minutes, 42 seconds Total: 3 hours, 40 minutes, 13 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:33 Track 2 00:00 Antoinette Kennedy was born on 18 May 1945 in Mount Hawthorn. Her family were of Irish extraction but had been in WA for several generations. The family lived on an acre of land in Roberts Street, Joondanna. Antoinette’s father had a trotting stable. Family members lived around the suburb. Her father and aunt both attended St Kieran’s Catholic Primary School. Her mother left school at the age of 14. 06:11 Antoinette’s grandfather was a Bailiff. Her mother worked in the office and then worked with her husband who was a fruit and vegetable wholesaler. Most of the produce went to Stations in the Norwest. Antoinette attended St Keiran’s. Boys left in third grade and then to Christian Brothers in Leederville. The teaching was not of a high standard but the nuns were a good example of what women could achieve. 14:36 Antoinette did her Junior at St Kieran’s and did her Leaving at Leederville Technical College. The lectures at Leederville Technical College were inspiring. She was the first student from St Keiran’s to attend university. Antoinette’s mother encouraged her to go on to higher education as she didn’t get the chance herself. Her mother valued education for its own sake but also stressed on Antoinette the need to be financially independent. 22:08 In the 1960s, women who worked in an office or for the Public Service had to give up work once they got married. Teaching was mooted as an option. In first year at UWA, students had to do two Arts subjects as part of their Law degree. Professor Beasley suggested Antoinette take Philosophy rather than Psychology. She studied Legal History and Constitutional Law. The Law School was small and enclosed like a college. It was located near Broadway. Students were expected to maintain a good standard of dress and wore gowns to lectures. 28:32 Antoinette did not know anybody in the Law School. In her year, there were two girls from Presbyterian Ladies College and another from Mount Lawley High School. A girl from Hong Kong returned there after graduating. The girls would discuss clothes and make up and the Law Ball in the locker room. Antoinette was ‘dating’ for her last two years at Law School. It was fairly easy to find partners at university. 35:00 Antoinette is still friends with some of the male students she met at Law School. Numbers whittled down – especially after First Year. Antoinette did not find law difficult but she did have to learn how to study. The full-time lecturers were assisted by professionals who lectured part-time. Professor Payne arrived from Oxford in 1963. He became Dean and Professor Beasley retired. Professor Payne encouraged Richard Harding to join UWA. Harding referred to the students as “Idle toads”. Marking became stricter. The Law School started to change under Payne. 43:32 The part-time lecturers had a different approach. John Toohey was a part time lecturer who became a High Court Judge. Learning to read cases was very important especially when Payne and Harding arrived. Law students were encouraged to visit the High Court in 3rd and 4th year. Newsworthy cases at the time were the trials of John Button and Darryl Beamish. There was also a lecturer at UWA who was convicted of manslaughter for the shooting of his disabled son. Professor Edwards who lectured in Criminal Law observed that the students were not sympathetic to the father. 48:15 Annette was not part of the moot team but recalls going to Melbourne to support the UWA team. 52:14 Antoinette enjoyed being on campus and going to the Refectory for morning tea and lunch. She recalled male students from Law and Engineering having a tug of war across the Reflection Pond. People did one off fun things rather than organised things. It was very carefree. English lectures were huge with lots of students. Antoinette did not challenge authority and felt that most of the students fitted their values and opinions to those of their tutors and lecturers. While studying a poem in the Woman’s Common Room near the Refectory, Antoinette was assisted by Dorothy Hewett . 58:45 Antoinette did not know which area of the law she wanted to practice in. Ted Sharp always intended to go into commercial law. Others were going into a family firm. Women were not encouraged in the same way to set goals. Professor Payne asked her to tutor at UWA but she was keen to do her Articles. The students had studies while doing articles as well as exams. The only way of passing a law degree was to complete the exams. 01:04:48 Antoinette did not work in the university holidays. Many of the male students worked on the wheat bins. People’s consumer wants and needs were much simpler. Antoinette drove a car to university. The car parks were always full. Petrol was not as expensive. Antoinette had a Commonwealth scholarship but her family was also able to support her. Her parents attended the graduation ceremony in Winthrop Hall in 1967. Charles Court was the speaker. Antoinette was doing her articles at SE Tippett and Ellis. The Dean, Professor Edwards, organised this for her with Ted Ellis. Antoinette won the Herbert H Wheatley Memorial Prize in commercial law and the HCG Keall Memorial Prize for the top student in 4th year. 01:13:03 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:43 Track 2 00:00 Dorothy Hewitt and Edward Ellis of S E Tippett & Ellis were Communists. Many became Socialists after Nikita Khrushchev denounced Josef Stalin in 1956. Antoinette wasn’t involved in student politics. Some students with Liberal Party leanings wanted to break down student unionism. Vietnam protests took place after Antoinette left UWA. Some fellow students were called up. Antoinette acted for conscientious objectors but Peter Dowding did most of this work. Antoinette was not invited to do Honours. A fellow graduate, Judith Gardam, was furious that the women were excluded. Honours wasn’t a prerequisite to practice law. 11:45 Antoinette did 2 years of articles with S E Tippett & Ellis. UWA Law School relied on the profession to teach and mentor the students. In 1968, she went to Godfrey Virtue. It was a bigger and more prestigious firm with a large general practice that included conveyancing; Shire law, common law and family law. There were no national or international firms in Perth at this stage. At most, firms had 12-18 partners. The senior partner, who was Antoinette’s mentor, left Godfrey Virtue and set up as a barrister. She realised that she had no prospects for advancement and quit Godfrey Virtue in 1971 to set up her own firm - AG Kennedy & Co. 17:44 There were no other female lawyers at Godfrey Virtue at that time. Ilbery Barblett, in the same building, had no female lawyers either. Paterson & Dowding had had a female lawyer but she left to work in the eastern states. The office building was behind St Andrews Church in Pier Street between the Terrace and Hay Street. Antoinette did a lot of Family Court work (including undefended divorces) and some Local Court work. At the Summary Relief Court, women lawyers were required to wear a hat. Some of the women wore joke hats but Antoinette wore attractive hats! For her first divorce appearance, Joe Tippett came down to support her. 22:54 Women were treated differently from men. Many of the magistrates did not take a woman seriously and/or trust what she said. Clients too might initially be worried about being represented by a woman. 26:45 Antoinette was not able to network with the men over drinks after work and thus pick up helpful tips about legal practice. She was not offered a junior brief in the 10 years that she was at the Bar. Government departments in WA have done much to address inequality as it was proved that WA was far behind the rest of Australia. Women were not supposed to drink in public bars in Perth in the 1960s and 70s. Popular bars were the Palace Hotel, the Esplanade Hotel, the Adelphi Hotel and the Weld Club. There were only 5-6 women in practice. Sheila McClemans who worked for the Law Society was very supportive. Antoinette was not aware of discrimination when she was a young graduate. It took a while for her to realise the disadvantages she faced. The Second Wave of American feminists and Germaine Greer’s book The Female Eunuch became popular in the 1970s. In about 1982, 20 women attended a meeting to set up the Women Lawyers Association. 34:40 Antoinette founded her own business despite these factors. She rented a space from two barristers. The bank would not give her an overdraft so she had to use her savings. Female clients flooded in. She worked all hours and weekends for 4 years doing mainly Family Court work, criminal law and motor vehicle accidents. She did not have trouble getting paid as she often under-charged! After she sold the business, she travelled around the world for 9 months. On her return, she had enough money to go to the Bar. 42:42 Divorce became commonplace. Women did not feel the need to remain married to an abusive husband. In 1972, Gough Whitlam was elected as Prime Minister. He appointed Elizabeth Reid as the world's first advisor on women's affairs. In 1974, he brought in the supporting parents benefit. Antoinette worked on adoption cases at Tippett & Ellis. The Family Law Act 1975 established the principle of no-fault divorce. Lionel Murphy was Attorney-General. Elizabeth Evatt was made the first Chief Judge of the Family Court of Australia. At last, women got a fair deal regarding property. 53:18 As a barrister, Antoinette depended on the legal profession for work. The Independent Bar was set up in 1970 by Sir Francis Burt. It was resented in some quarters. The Bar was located at 524 Hay Street. Antoinette paid rent for her room and a library fee and shared secretarial support. Later, the Bar moved to Law Chambers. Working at the Bar was quite convivial. There were lots of laughs and drinks at the office on Friday nights. She is disappointed that she never was offered a junior brief in the 10 years she was there. She was the only woman at the Bar at that time. Val French was the first female barrister but only overlapped with Antoinette for about a year. Vivian Payne used to send Antoinette work. Antoinette found the first 6-7 months quite difficult. She did family law, motor vehicle cases, commercial cases and some criminal jury trials. 0:01:01 Antoinette wasn’t asked to tutor or lecture UWA law students. Douglas Payne did a good job of professionalising the UWA Law School. The law changed very slowly in those ten years. A big change was the treatment of the victims of sexual assault. This came about due to pressure from women in the community rather than from inside the legal profession. WA was at the forefront in taking children out of the court and allowing them to give evidence by video link from a separate location. They also had separate entrances so that they didn’t have to face the accused. 01:06:12 Interview 3 Track 1 00:00 00:46 Track 2 00:00 Members of the Bar provided honorary legal advice and sat on boards as a form of community service. Sheila McClemans, for example, revived the Law Society. Antoinette was the Honorary Solicitor for the Netball Association for 4 years. Antoinette was a member of the WA Parole Board from 1983-1985. The Parole Board met monthly for a whole day. In 1984, she joined the Board of the Catholic Archbishop’s Social Justice Commission. The church had decided to put out a statement on criminal justice and sentencing. Antoinette chaired this team. Visiting speakers presented each month and Antoinette prepared summaries of these presentations. It was very helpful when she went onto the Bench. In 1984, Antoinette became President of the Women’s Lawyers Association. The first president was Vivian Payne. There were more female lawyers by this stage. 10:10 Antoinette became the first female judge of the District Court of Western Australia in 1985. The Western Mail ran an article on the lack of women in the legal profession and when Brian Burke was elected Premier of Western Australia in 1983, he pushed for more women judges. Two new appointments were created and His Honour Paul James Healy (deceased 2008) was appointed as well as Antoinette. The appointment of a female judge created animosity in some quarters. The Crown Law Department had expected the first female judge to be appointed from amongst their ranks. 16:07 Antoinette gave up her position at the Bar and was sworn in by the Governor. The Chief Judge showed her the ropes. There was no other training. Each judge has their own usher and Associate. Secretarial support was shared. District Court Associates are highly qualified clerical assistants who liaise with the legal profession. Antoinette did not employ law graduates – she preferred to have a highly qualified administrator. 22:56 The other judges were very helpful. Antoinette worked a full day at the District Court. She was not given long criminal trials or frauds when she was first appointed. Judges develop an expertise in a certain areas. Some are better at running a court and keeping a jury together. Some cannot make a decision. New South Wales have set up a judicial commission for tough cases. Some judges find it difficult to move from criminal work to civil. 28:33 Antoinette’s first civil case concerned a leading Prosthodontist who needed work in Sydney as the result of a motor vehicle accident. The Chief Judge, Des Heenan, wrote a long document on how to write judgments. He didn’t give this to Antoinette so she presumes that he thought her judgments were sound! Des Heenan was always willing to help when necessary. 32:15 Antoinette was used to jury trials when she was a barrister. Juries need to be managed and given plenty of breaks. The judge must explain the points of law. Some judges explain to the jury what is expected of them. 37:18 The court is a theatre. It is designed to keep the various parties separated. The District Court was the building where the Central Law Courts are now located. A new District Court building was built across the road. Antoinette was made Chief Judge in January 2004. The new building was already being discussed. It was opened on 3 June 2008. They needed to make the architects aware of what was needed and the importance of sight lines. They were advised by a former Chief Judge to push for more jury courts rather than ask for river views. Jim McGinty the Attorney- General was very supportive. The Supreme Court also used the new building and didn’t want it called “District Court” but Antoinette stood firm. 47:08 Their wish list included decent sized offices for the judges and how the courts were to be set up. Being able to see everyone is important. There was a Technology Committee and that was incorporated in the specifications. The building was designed with separate entrances. Separate cores are necessary for the general public, the jury and the judges. This makes a court building difficult to construct. Security is another aspect. The District Court has more trials than the Supreme Court (both civil and criminal). Antoinette likens the District Court to K-Mart and the Supreme Court to an exclusive boutique. They are quite different. 56:30 The workload in the District Court has increased over the years. Cases have changed and become more serious. Drugs and sexual abuse cases have increased. Paul Healy annotated the Criminal Code and distributed his material and often referenced all the cases. A judge becomes hardened to the things they hear. They do not have time to dwell on cases because there is always another case to hear. Antoinette found hearing sex trials with young children to be very distressing. 01:03:46 The media can be very critical of judges. Antoinette’s decisions were the subject of many a talk-back radio programme. At one stage the prosecution mounted an attack on her. They combed through her list of cases (there were 20-28 cases a day) to find cases where somebody was let off and appeal the decision to the Supreme Court. This started in earnest at the end of 1988 when Red Burt (Sir Francis Burt) was no longer Chief Justice. He was replaced by David Malcolm. It continued until about 1992. Antoinette was portrayed in the media as emotional, incompetent and unprofessional. 01:08:00 A German criminologist, Dr Christian Pfeiffer, came to Perth and talked to her about sentencing. After the event, Dr Pfeiffer rang Antoinette and warned her that she was being undermined by her own colleagues. This was devastating. She was able to make it generally known that she would make it public if things didn’t improve. She was not defended by the women lawyers or her fellow UWA graduates. 01:14:14 This smear campaign was damaging to Antoinette and all women in the legal profession. It was an unfortunate and upsetting period but she has survived and outlived all her detractors. The UWA law student graduates of 1967 have fairly regular reunions. 01:18:56 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/940461badb5d447bbef49d515093d39b.mp3">Kennedy, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/4480f13fd1567b345a0a92ff58dab303.mp3">Kennedy, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b486e9d0501190f5edcfbc6d3a28785d.mp3">Kennedy, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0f30dc56841c0041c1c03b944b5c6b6d.mp3">Kennedy, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/573282929371da73b8d027a0f5c34e85.mp3">Kennedy, Interview 3, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/af50a4a70f0c414d8f9ac3d876195332.mp3">Kennedy, Interview 3, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/4af1225b9dda5de33c8cf95c01d84f30.mp3">Kennedy, Interview 3, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Antoinette Kennedy interview, 18 November 2014, 9 December 2014 and 17 December 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Law Description An account of the resource The Honourable Antoinette Kennedy AO graduated from UWA with a Bachelor of Laws in 1967. She was the first and longest serving woman judge in Western Australia, serving for 25 years. She was appointed as Chief Judge of the District Court for 6 years; the first woman head of a jurisdiction in Western Australia and only the third in Australia. She was made Officer in the Order of Australia (AO) and was elected to the WA Women’s Hall of Fame in 201. She was a member of Murdoch Senate for six years, founding member of the Women Lawyers of Western Australia, member of the Chief Justice’s Gender Bias Taskforce and a mentor in the Law Society mentoring program for young lawyers. Antoinette is outspoken on issues of social justice and has a keen interest in the provision of affordable housing. She retired from the law in 2010. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kennedy, Antoinette Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Kerry Hill Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 1 hour, 10 minutes, 27 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00:00 William Kerry Hill. Perth 1943. Background and early recollections. getting interested in architecture. No one is born an architect. Place and travel influences direction. Family background father dies in the Battle of Britain 1943. Mothers connection to the cattle station 00:03:28 Making use of experiences in later work. Coming University of Western Australia. The Perth technical college. Coffee shop in Zimple’s Arcade and the shiralee. Films and snooker. Art classes at the Old Perth Boys high School. A great life. Perth technical college, University of WA 00:05:22 Inspired by the architecture of Perth. Work and play. Friday nights at the Adelphi Hotel. Professional and architectural camaraderie in Perth in the 1960s. Friends with Jeffrey Howlett. Howlett* becomes mentor. The iconic Council House building. Engaging with the profession and the city. Jeffrey Howlett, Council House building, camaraderie. 00:08:00 Architectural faculty starting at UWA. Qualifications needed. 3 year course. First year 1966. Comparisons to tech. Initial impressions. Descriptions of buildings. 16 students have close connections with staff. Broome shire council and the tourist master plan. Roger Johnstone. Peter Middleton buys a combie to travel faculty around Australia. Architecture faculty, Peter Middleton, Roger Johnstone, 00:12:40 Close friendships between staff and students. Memories of Sir Harold Marshall. Peter Middleton. The world of acoustics. Jeffrey Howlett. The state theatre. Middleton brought out of retirement. John Cullen. John White. Roger Johnstone Burma and Asian architecture. Stimulants to go to Asia. Gordon Stephenson was steering the ship. Duncan Richards a marvellous master. Sir Harold Marshall, Peter Middleton, Jeffrey Howlett, John Cullen, John White, Roger Johnstone* 00:17:24 Gallery opening and UWA exhibit for the Biennale*. Janet Holmes a court. Hall green. A community associated with the faculty. A big family. Gordon Stephenson and roger Johnstone. The space of the university inspires. Returning to university. Gordon Stephenson, Janet Holmes a Court, Roger Johnstone, 00:20:30 Descriptions of The Museum of aboriginal cultures. Housing the Berndt Collection. Memories of John White. The running of the course. Core unit design and studio. People sleep under the desk. Learning how to draw. Comparisons of computer. The best designer. Art classes and live nude models. Introduced to the computer. Learning to draw, computer, design, 00:25:00 Learning to build in miniature. Design and model making. Learning in a community of peers. Discussions more than lecture. A closed shop on the campus. Sticking together as a group. No time to do anything else other than architecture. Learning to build, design, peers, 00:29:22 Leaving university and taking the university into career. Technology and architecture. The Concert Hall and capitol theatre. Buildings associated with. Memories of working on The Perth Concert Hall. Leaving university, Perth Concert Hall, technology, 00:32:22 Continual learning on the job. Wanting work in the united states. Working as an architect in Hong Kong and Bali. Field work and Bali. Working in Asia different from experiences in Perth. Aspiring to good architecture. Comparing India and Asian processes of building. Learning on the job, good architecture, Hong Kong, Bali. 00:37:45 Problems with working in Bali. Working 18 hrs a day. Working in designing hotels. Deciding to stop working on hotels. Doing competitions since 2005. State theatre comp and diversification. Bali, hotels, competitions, 00:42:11 Building in place and problem solving and building form and type. Art Gallery of NSW complicated sites. Tough competition. Reciprocal influence between modern principles and traditions of the east. Examples of working Bhutan. Discussion with the Prime Minister of Bhutan. Traditional building in Bhutan. Earthquake resistant buildings. Competition, Traditional, influences, Bhutan 00:48:17 Direct influence and technology transfer. Tradition and building. Influences taken on board. Spirit of buildings. Building light weight in Kyoto. Tradition, influence, technology transfer Track 2 00:00:00 Women in the course. Jean Brodie-Hall and the lay out of the gardens. Looking at the campus. Seeing the trees and the building. The loss of vision of the university. Gus Ferguson departure. The Reid library a bit of a departure. The business school. The sense of place found in the old buildings and the gardens. Ted Snell – 100 favourite things about the university. Jean Brodie-Hall, Gus Ferguson, Ted Snell, loss of vision 00:04:54 Place and space and the growth of the university. Planning and special. The open spaces between the buildings. Gus Ferguson and the growth of the university and plans. Stretching down fairway. Expanding beyond the ground. Gus Ferguson. Off campus buildings. Boundaries. Planning, Gus Ferguson, campus building, 00:07:50 Awarded for work. Aga Kahn Award for Architecture 2001* and Order of Australia Medal. Importance of being awarded an Honorary Doctorate of UWA. 2006 the Royal Australian Institute of Architects Gold Medal. Surprise of awards. Trying to do work better. Involvements of building in Perth. Home coming. State Theatre and Perth City library. Sitting in a building. Winning competitions. Museum close to Kerry Hill. Awards, Home coming, State Theatre, Awards 00:13:40 Completing the circle. Great feelings associated with working across the road from where he studied. Employing UWA graduates. Becoming serious competitors. Graduates of UWA comparing to the best Graduates of the best universities of the world. Mentorship programmes set up with UWA graduates. University graduates, mentorship 00:16:54 Looking from the past to the future. Helping graduates. Remaining close to graduates. Jack London. University placed in the academic community of Perth. Looking at the UWA architectural course. Past and future, Jack London, academic community. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5d60ff75b1c8b2899e7c665a1372c550.mp3">Hill, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5b6e67ad7274f3229e1af1cc616db255.mp3">Hill, Interview 1, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kerry Hill interview, 21 November, 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Architecture Description An account of the resource This is an interview with Kerry Hill, who studied architecture at Perth Technical College before transferring to the University of WA as one of the first intact of architectural students in 1966. He graduating from UWA in 1968. He worked for Howlett & Bailey on projects such as the building of the Perth Concert Hall from 1969 to 1971 before moving to work in Hong Kong and throughout Asia. In 1979 Hill would establish Kerry Hill Architects based in Singapore. During the interview he talks of his memories of coming to UWA and the strong sense of community that he experienced in the faculty of Architecture. He talks of his memories of the university architectural course and the staff he experienced in a close knit group. He speaks of his impressions of how the university has changed, along side discussing how he believes the study of Architecture has changed. He talks of some of his work, including the proposed Museum for Aboriginal Cultures at UWA. He also talks of a sense of homecoming when talking about his work with The State Theatre and The City of Perth Library building. Hill has been awarded for his work, which includes the Aga Khan Award for Architecture 2001, Royal Australian Institute of Architects Gold Medal in 2006. He is also a recipient of the Order of Australia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hill, Kerry Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral history Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Bruce Meakins Location The location of the interview Crawley, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 1 minute, 51 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 2 minutes, 33 seconds Interview 3: 1 hour, 6 minutes, 28 seconds Total: 3 hours, 10 minutes, 52 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:50 Track 2 00:00 Born Prospect, South Australia on 4 April 1959. Moves to WA aged 8. Family settle in Mount Hawthorn. Attends Mt Hawthorn Primary School and later Perth Modern School, Subiaco. A good music programme attracted good quality teachers. Did Duke of Edinburgh Award – bronze, silver and gold over a 3 year period. Asthmatic but his family encouraged fishing and camping. The Duke of Edinburgh Award involved several components: service contribution; an interest of choice; a physical activity and to prepare and execute an expedition. 07:51 Got good marks at school and was steered towards the academic programme. He got the highest marks for English which he didn’t study for. A medical degree would have been too onerous on the family finances. In about 1972, he took part in an asthma study at UWA. Got significant improvements in health from the swimming programme. Paddling was also an activity that caused less asthma whereas running is detrimental. 14:15 Introduced to YMCA through Duke of Edinburgh Award and did leadership activities with them. Found he enjoyed working with people and decided to do a degree in Physical Education. The fourth year of study was the teaching component. Continued working with YMCA and was offered some part-time work while he was studying. 16:38 The Department of Sports Science was located on the ground floor of the Reid Library. Lectures were held in the Octagon Theatre. Part of the course involved studying Human Biology, Psychology, Sociology and Anthropology. It was a new course structure. Lived at home with his parents. Found the campus very large and didn’t get to know that many people especially as he was doing activities outside. He did not join any university clubs. 20:50 Many of the students in his course were very sports focussed. There were large cohorts from the private schools who had done traditional sports. There were not many international students but there were several teachers who came from the Eastern States seeking a higher degree. Physical Education involved a practical component teaching various sports. The laboratory work – biology and anatomy was fascinating. They also studied physiology and bio mechanics. Computers were beginning to be used. 24:03 It was the early days of using science to improve fitness and performance and to recover from injury. At the cutting edge were people such as Frank Pyke, John Bloomfield (Head of School) and Brian Blanksby. People went overseas to gain knowledge and brought that back to Australia. 26:31 Local community work in the YMCA involved working with children’s activities and camps. When a camp director left, Bruce offered to run the summer camps. A Canadian then came in to run the camps. She brought in knowledge from North America where the YMCA was getting involved in fitness, health and safety. Aerobics was becoming popular. The YMCA started to run fitness centres and fitness programmes. The YMCA allowed Bruce to work even though he did not have his teaching diploma. It was always his intention to go back and do it. Bruce set up international exchange programmes and organised to go to North America to study the new techniques and ideas. In the meantime, he had become good friends with the Canadian lady who later became his wife. 30:37 When Bruce was a student, UWA did not have a swimming pool for recreation – it was only there for study programmes. Kevin Finch who ran the asthma programme went on to become an Olympic doctor. Brian Blanksby became Head of School. Alan Morton later became Head of School. The recreation centre was built in 1970. There was a three court sports hall, squash courts and tennis courts plus the sports ovals. Students took part in the traditional clubs such as cricket and football. There was a rowing club but no canoeing club. There were no fitness classes although there were some free weights in the gym. There was an athletics club. Bruce swam at pools such as Beatty Park. 35:17 Bruce spent most of the day on campus and studied and used the library between lectures. He generally brought his own lunch. There was a refectory at the Guild and a coffee shop at Hackett Hall which was the old refectory. He didn’t visit the Guild. In 1979, Bruce graduated in Winthrop Hall where he had taken his exams. He was the first in his family to go to university. Luckily, education was free at this time. He moved out of home after he graduated and shared a house with university friends. 38:18 Bruce went to America for 10 months in 1981. He enjoyed a personal study period; attended conferences and visited various YMCAs; did a canoeing trip and then travelled and did some hiking and climbing. Cardiac related health was very much to the fore in the USA. The YMCA was also interested in children’s preventative health programmes. He married his Canadian wife in Canada while he was away. The YMCA focussed on Body, Mind and Spirit which complemented what he had learned in Sports Science. The YMCA began to formalise training in fitness and health and encourage healthy activity. Bruce learnt CPR in America. 46:09 Many people in the USA were overweight and ate junk food in large portions. Bruce began to take an interest in encouraging non-athletes to live a healthy lifestyle. He used what he had found out in America to run programmes and activities back in Australia. He taught aerobics classes. The YMCA classes were the precursor to the modern gym classes. 51:39 The YMCA also ran healthy back programmes. They were exploring the idea of having classes before and after work. Women enjoyed group classes whereas men enjoyed the gym environment. Bruce believes that Australians have more international awareness as they travel extensively. He was fired up to do some of what he had learnt and apply it at home. 54:24 Outdoor activities were more structured in the USA as they have a larger population. Their natural heritage was more commercialised. Kids’ camps in Perth were organised at Rottnest and Mundaring. Camps were to encourage children to grow in all areas – not just in sport. Scouts and church groups were doing similar activities. The 60s were the era of structured youth activities. This broke down in the 70s, particularly around the time of the Vietnam War. 61:50 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:42 Track 2 00:00 In February 1984, Bruce left the YMCA and took a job with the Guild Sport & Recreation Department at UWA to run the Recreation Centre. The Fitness Centre had only been set up for 3-4 years and had 500-600 members. It concentrated on the weights room. The job included testing people coming into the fitness centre, employing staff and running the centre. Bruce decided to focus on the broader aspects of fitness and not just weights training. He fitness-tested between 5-12 people a day – students and staff. He met some interesting people and encouraged them to take responsibility for their own lives. 05:08 The building expanded soon after Bruce started. The Recreate programme was a menu of different activities for people to try. Different fitness classes were incorporated in the programme. Bruce wanted the Centre to encourage people to grow their health and well-being. He started the Avon Attack programme which helped people every step of the way to train, prepare for and carry out the Avon Descent. 80% to 90% of participants finished the event. An early morning fitness programme was developed which was followed by nutritional breakfast. Circuit training was found to be an efficient means of providing all-over training. They ran 30-40 classes a week with up to 50 people per session. To keep people active they created various incentives such as a 100 circuit club or similar. These programmes mixed fitness, lifestyle and health and used all his previous experience. 11:08 In 1986, Bruce studied for a full-time Diploma in Education, ran the Centre and participated in the Avon Descent. At this time the Director of the Guild Centre left. Bruce applied for the job but was unsuccessful. Bruce concentrated on running the fitness centre around good core values, applying sports science in its purest form and allowing the centre to develop. He oversaw the Recreate programme and was able to double the programme three years in a row. First years were targeted with a smorgasbord of activities. Customer service was key. 16:00 Bruce saw it as a priority to get women involved. In 1986/87 it was male dominated. They started an aerobics programme but developed a culture that wasn’t about wearing cool gym gear. For some years there was a women’s only centre to encourage women to join. Once they had more women members, it became mixed again. The women tended to dominate the fitness classes and the men the gym. 20:20 When Bruce travelled, he would try and attend a conference to maximise his opportunities and his knowledge. In 1990, his boss left and he was employed as Director of Guild Sports. He became involved in the national body - the Australian National Sports Federation. This was the era of the Dawkins Report where tertiary institutions also became universities. Bruce attended a workshop that discussed the merger. It was a stalemate until the Western Australians instituted some sports games. Once everyone had joined in, progress was made! Bruce was on the inaugural board for a couple of years. They ran the first summer version of the Australian University Games. In 1993, the summer and winter games merged into the one event. In 1992, Bruce attended a Wellness Conference in Wisconsin. In 1993, a university team was sent to compete in Brisbane; in 1994 to Wollongong and in 1995 to Darwin. Each area of Australia was formed into a state body. In WA it became Tertiary Sport WA. UWA students often won so they decided to take the programme out to the different universities. 28:29 Voluntary student fees started to be talked about in 1994/1995. In 1992-1994, they decided to make the clubs less dependent on external funding. By 1994-1995, they had changed the culture. In February 1996, the State Government passed legislation to make student fees voluntary. The 1997 Guild fees would not be automatic. A team was formed to develop a proactive plan to cope with this. A review process started in April 1996 and a business planning model was developed. The end result was a separate association independent of the university. They started off with no money in the bank and 12 full-time staff that had to resign from the Guild and be reemployed by the new body. 36:42 Bruce treated all sports with a sense of equity and didn’t favour one sport over another. There were different prices for students, staff, graduates and the community. It was proved more economical to charge for some activities rather than run them for free as people put more value on it. Bruce would always look at what people did in other places. He feels WA stacked up well compared to the rest of Australia. UWA has had to work hard to provide a service rather than rest on their laurels. 44:13 The colleges were territorial and did not feel that they had to connect with the rest of the system. Bruce sat on the Convocation Committee for about 2 years. The most important thing Bruce did in this period was become involved with the Fitness Accreditation in WA. He was involved in the WA Institute of Recreation and attended the local government conferences. In the early 1990s, he also went onto the WA Sports Federation Board for nearly 8 years. He was also involved with The Australian Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation Inc. (ACHPER). 46:58 Staff was encouraged to take on opportunities and experiences. Sports Science students did practical experience at the Centre and helped to design and implement programmes. Staff training was important. Centre staff were employed all year round whereas students only attended for 8 months a year. To keep afloat, the community was encouraged to join the Centre. Recreate programmes were designed to run twice during a semester to enable the Centre to have a second intake. It was realised that a mix of people was beneficial for the students. Information sessions were a part of the programme as well as cross country ski trips or trips to Nepal. They always offered exciting and challenging programmes. 55:51 New clients had to fill in medical information. Every staff member has a First Aid Certificate. The screening programmes were intense and the Centre is very aware of its Duty of Care. Members could be re-tested every 3 months. 01:01:54 Interview 3 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:41 Track 2 00:00 After Voluntary Student Unionism was adopted (1996-2002), the UWA Sport and Recreation Association (UWASRA) had to cope with ongoing challenges caused by fluctuations in funding. It caused a shift in philosophy and forced them to adapt, be proactive and be smarter. VSU only affected WA at this time. UWASRA separated from the Guild and became independent and entrepreneurial. They decided to get the National University Games (AUG) back to Perth in 1999 in partnership with Eventscorp. The home advantage was significant to their success in these games. Bruce went onto the National Board. 05:24 The universities in WA shared facilities and knowledge. They focused on student participation but were innovative as well and constantly planning and creating future targets. UWA won the Spirit of the Games trophy in 2002. There was a change in State Government in 2001 and it was realised that sport was an essential part of university life. The Guild was divorced from involvement in student sport and recreation so that they could concentrate on other matters. 09:54 It was decided to develop an international event. When fees were reinstituted in 2004, they were already planning this. When funding returned they enacted plans for capital funding programmes and built three facilities: the Water Sports Complex on the foreshore (2005); the water polo pool and the Tennis Centre. The Water Sports Complex included padding, sailing, underwater activities and triathlon. The UWA Tennis Centre at UWA Sports Park, Mount Claremont gave tennis a big boost. Tennis is a big part of the AUG. UWA developed the Indian Rim Asian University Games (IRAUG). 16:14 The land at Sports Park was the best location to run the AUG. In 2004, the games were held in Perth again with a proviso to run it again in 2008. Funding support was developed for a new initiative - the IRAUG in 2005, 2007 and 2009. It gave them forward momentum. The Indian Rim included India, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Hong Kong, Japan and South Africa. All the WA universities were invited. Much was learnt about protocols involved in bringing different people together on the sporting field and socially. Visitors loved UWA spaces. Sports were selected that would be attractive to this group. UWA badminton and judo clubs increased in popularity. They made some important international connections. It became obvious that UWA has an important role in Asia that it must actively pursue. 23:30 The first IRAUG in 2005 was followed by a conference of sports administrators. On the last day of the conference, national legislation was passed to make student fees voluntary. UWA had tools to cope with this new environment. The IRAUG was held again in 2007 and 2009. The national body pulled out of the region. UWA improved their performance in the AUG after 2003. They won the Spirit of the Games trophy again in 2004 and the Per Capital Trophy in 2008. World events – tsunami, SARS, the Global Financial Crisis and threats of terrorism together with staffing issues meant that the IRAUG games were discontinued after 2009. 31:16 In 2009, UWASRA worked with the University of Singapore to run a sailing programme. UWA won gold in the World University Sailing Championship in 2012. Sailing was started in a partnership relationship rather than at a club level. The sailing club is a community club and not just for students. It encourages junior members too. The clubs must remember that the students are their main focus. UWA has a partnership with Swan River sailing so they haven’t had to buy all their own boats. Sailing and golf have assisted in growing the alumni connection and neither is gender specific. 39:00 UWA has 30 different clubs. UWASRA reach more people through the Fitness Centre. Then through social sport clubs - the most popular of these is mixed netball. The Recreate programme has been running for over 20 years and has also increased participation. Students are encouraged to represent their college or faculty in national and international competition. Exchanges are very popular. 44:51 In order to keep on top of trends, Bruce uses travel to conferences interstate or overseas to investigate what others are doing. He also reads journals and magazines and has been on the board of several sports bodies. UWA is the only university that has won all 3 trophies at the AUG. CSIRO published a Megatrends document in 2010 highlighting the shift away from traditional sport. Sport is good way to communicate. 49:28 Partnerships have been very important – Australian University Sport; Eventscorp and Tertiary Sports WA. Sport tied to education has been a win-win situation. Community partnerships include the Department of Sport and Recreation; the WA Sports Federation and the WA Institute of Sport. UWASRA sits across sport, fitness, recreation and health. They are keen to develop leaders in the community. Partnerships have been made with other Australian universities and those in the Asian region, especially Singapore. Partnerships within the university include sports science, exercise and health; the Albany campus; UWA colleges and aligning themselves with the core values of the university. Another important partnership has been with the School of Indigenous Studies and helping to host the National Indigenous Tertiary Education Student Games in 2014. 55:28 Federal funding was reinstituted in 2012. It was realised that many Olympians were training at Australian universities. WA has adapted very well to the last batch of funding. Amenities fees were allowed to be charged once more. UWA got this up and operational in 2012. The database system has been updated to be part of the university structure. Data has been useful as a measurement tool of student participation, trends, changes and outcomes. Growths during that period have been outstanding in usage of the Fitness Centre and in social sports. The Fitness Centre was upgraded in 2011 and the capacity has been doubled. 01:00:31 UWA Sport & Recreation have been on the front foot to align themselves with UWA’s push for volunteering as part of their new course structure. Outdoor leadership is now huge. UWASRA are now operating at 30% funded and 70% self-earned which has been a huge shift. They have been inundated by reviews in this period. The recommendations made in 2011 can now be carried out due to the amenities funding. Employment systems have changed about 7 or 8 times which is onerous on a small business. Technology changes have been massive. Change has been the constant theme. Adaptation has given the organisation to ability to flourish. 01:05:48 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/61e5e93d696ee85920313dd1addd21c5.mp3">Meakins, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b663c0ce3c0c114761605f18360ae48d.mp3">Meakins, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c5190548e7c8af5f8a56fcce3544461d.mp3">Meakins, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/22c5fd9cbc7321e4dc4ff7a65467b167.mp3">Meakins, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c45931448722a561e810e173af476ab9.mp3">Meakins, Interview 3, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/660788e46f2ebc861264194d3461572a.mp3">Meakins, Interview 3, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bruce Meakins interview, 9 October, 2014, 4 November, 2014 and 28 November 2014 Subject The topic of the resource UWA Sport and Recreation Association Description An account of the resource In 1972, Bruce Meakins took part in the Asthma Swimming Programme at UWA. He studied at UWA from 1977 to 1979 and graduated with a degree in Human Movement in 1980. After graduation he worked for the YMCA. In 1984 Bruce was employed by the Guild to run the fitness centre at UWA. In 1986, he studied for a full-time Diploma in Education while working full-time for the Guild and expanding the Recreate Programme. In 1996, Voluntary Student Unionism was passed in WA. Bruce became director of the newly formed UWA Sport & Recreation Association which had to learn to adapt and be proactive in an era of uncertainty and change. It is to Bruce’s credit that sport and recreation at UWA has thrived under his leadership. Today, the UWA Sport & Recreation Association is more closely aligned with the university in terms of its vision and business strategy. The Association will face more challenges in the future but it is now much better equipped to deal with them. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Meakins, Bruce Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Margaret Seares Location The location of the interview Crawley, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 53 minutes, 55 seconds Interview 2: 55 minutes, 26 seconds Total: 1 hour, 49 minutes, 21 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:38 Track 2 00:00 Margaret was born on 2 December 1948 in Surrey, England while her parents were working here after the Second World War. She was educated at St Hilda’s Anglican School in Mosman Park. She got a basic Christian education which helped her when she studied music later on. Music education at St Hilda’s was mediocre and Margaret took piano lessons outside. Nobody in her immediate family had been to university. She got a scholarship to UWA after taking a year’s break to do her piano diploma. In her first year at UWA she studied Music, French, History and Political Science. In second year, she did music and history. She was invited to do Honours in both subjects but decided to opt for music and took musicology. Later she did a Masters and a PhD at UWA. 05:40 The old music department was located at Tuart House in Crawley where the Festival Offices are now located. The rooms were not sound proofed. There was a prefab building where lectures were held. The music library was old but contained good material and listening booths. The School was a tight knit group as they were away from the main campus. Margaret became involved with the student choral society and David Tunley’s a capella choir. The music students stayed on campus most of the day and sometimes stayed back after hours to listen to music. The course was quite intensive. Sir Frank Callaway was head of department and very ‘old school’. David Tunley was inspiring. Sally Trethowan wrote reviews for the West and lectured on Wagner. John Exton was from Cambridge and advocated 20th century serial music but was dismissive of Tchaikovsky. Margaret is very fond of baroque music. All the music taught was strictly classical. 11:43 Many of the students became teachers. Frank Callaway headed up music education. Some students studied performance, others like Jennifer Fowler, studied composition. It was quite acceptable then to study for the joy of study without an end in mind. There was a tradition of youth concerts. During the Festival they had a classical music forum where young composer such as Ross Edwards and Carl Vine (both of whom later became famous) would be tutored by a visiting international name. In addition, visiting lecturers were invited from interstate and abroad to work with the students and do a series of concerts. 16:04 As well as lectures and some practical work, students benefited from a one on one tutorial. The Music School introduced the concept of listening tests. Students would listen to the music in the Music Library. Margaret was the piano accompanist for the undergraduate choral society for many years. This helped to make her a good sight reader. She took cello lessons at this time and in the 1980s, she learnt to play the harpsichord. 20:50 Margaret chose baroque music as her Honours topic (François Couperin), supervised by David Tunley. He also supervised her Masters (French Stage Music) and PhD (German keyboard music). In Margaret’s Honours year in 1970 there were only two students studying musicology; a couple did composition and more did performance. The Music School was small and intimate and students and staff shared a close relationship. 24:14 Outside of music, Margaret played netball. She took friends to the family farm and they camped in the bush. She also sang in a rock band for a while. There were plenty of balls and parties. Balls would be organised by Arts or one of the colleges. Margaret had friends at Currie Hall, St Catherine’s and Kingswood that she met through the choir. A big highlight for her was taking part in inter-varsity choral festivals throughout Australia. 26:25 In 1970, after graduation, Margaret studied for a Masters’ degree. In 1972-3, she travelled to the UK and Europe for a working holiday. Margaret took a break from music but still attended concerts. She saw famous conductors and soloists as well as operas such as Debussy’s Pelléas et Mélisande. Australian opera and ballet was still in the early stages of development. Margaret finds that modern opera caters for a more popular audience. 31:08 While Margaret was teaching in Slough, she received a telegram from Frank Callaway asking her to replace David Tunley while he was on study leave. The following year, she filled in for another staff member. It was good experience as she had to teach across all areas. She was invited to be classical music producer at the new radio station set up at UWA in 1977 - Radio 6UVS-FM. She designed the programme and chose the music. When she took time off to have her first child she continued to work part-time for the School of Music and the radio station. The radio station did not record music or concerts themselves. 35:36 The new music school was built on the campus in 1976. The close knit nature of the school continued when they moved onto campus and the facilities were better. Technology changed constantly. Now music students can listen to music on their own i-pods and they can do a lot more study from home. It is challenging to get students to engage with staff on campus. It is hard to make accurate comparisons with today compared with the past as data was not collected so assiduously and no student exit questionnaires were handed out until about 1995. 42:16 When Margaret was Head of School (1991-1995), the type of student had changed. The Bachelor degree in music was now considered prestigious and was more careers driven. There was some competition between the Conservatorium and UWA. Some of the best music students went on to study medicine or commerce. There was greater student engagement. Lectures became more like question and answer sessions. Ethnomusicology or world music encompasses Asian and Aboriginal music. The Music School has always had good collections from all over the world. The School of Music can arrange for students to do exchanges in other universities. Perth is not as isolated as when Margaret was studying. More people reside in Perth from interstate and from Asia, Africa and the Middle East. It is quite difficult for students from a non-Christian background to understand the subtleties involved in studying a traditional Western music course. 53:03 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:39 Track 2 00:00 Margaret took over as head of school from David Tunley with the approval of the staff. Head of School is responsible for the welfare of the school and the students, the budgets and general administration assisted by the secretary and an administrative assistant. Margaret still taught but found she had less time to do research. Elected as a staff representative onto the Senate. Elected as Deputy Chair of the Academic Board. Externally, she was on the Board of the WA Symphony Orchestra. The incoming Arts Minister, Peter Foss, asked Margaret to Chair his Arts Advisory Committee. 06:20 In early 1995, Margaret was asked to apply for the job of Director of Arts WA. She was very uncertain as to whether she wanted to do this job because she was very comfortable at UWA. When she was offered the job, she negotiated with the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Alan Robson, to do a 2 year secondment from UWA in case things didn’t work out. Working for the government was very different to academia. It was a steep learning curve. At the end of the two years, Federal Minister, Senator Richard Alston asked her to be Chair of the Australia Council – the first person from WA in this role. The Council was considered to be too Sydney-centric. 13:50 The Chair’s job is a different role. She worked very closely with Government and the arts sector. Margaret worked in this job for 4 years. She suggested that some meetings be held in the other capital cities outside of Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra. The job involved a lot of travelling. At one time she was the Executive Chair as well which meant she was both CEO and Chair. Margaret met some interesting and significant people. During this time, there was a Performing Arts Enquiry. Pauline Hanson and One Nation came to prominence. Arts funding received $43 million. Other Councillors included Ron Radford, Director of the National Gallery and Helen Nugent, who is currently conducting an enquiry into the future of the opera companies in Australia. 17:48 At the end of the 4 years, Margaret decided to step away from being a public servant as she felt that she was becoming too bureaucratic. She returned to UWA. She had been working part time at the university setting up the external community relations portfolio. She returned to work as Pro Vice-Chancellor, Community Relations. The Office of Development was set up to fund-raise, liaise with media, market UWA and encourage community outreach. Outreach programmes include the Perth Festival, the galleries, University Press and Extension. Western Australia does not receive as big a slice of Federal arts funding. Most of the money is spent on the national opera and ballet companies and the symphony orchestras. More WA representation is needed on boards and panels. 23:26 The days of strong university funding was over and it was important to set up an office of development to look at ways to attract funding from the alumni and philanthropists. The Rindos case in the early 1990s had caused very negative media for UWA. At this stage, Colin Campbell-Fraser was hired to manage UWA’s relationship with the press and public affairs. It was felt that UWA had become remote from the community. University extension was strong before the era of online courses. The Festival was the most prominent part of the outreach. David Blenkinsop was Director for 20 years. Now, directors change every four years. The Festival must attract people from all over Perth. Lotterywest provide long term funding. During Sean Doran’s time it was attempted to run a Festival in Albany, Broome, Geraldton, Mandurah and Kalgoorlie concurrently with Perth. Albany was the only centre that got a large audience take up. 30:46 Margaret was Pro Vice-Chancellor from 2001 to 2003. In 2004, Alan Robson was appointed Vice Chancellor when Deryck Schreuder left at the end of 2003. Robson appointed Margaret as Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor (2004-2008). All the Deans reported to her. She was also responsible for staffing policies and kept an overview on community relations and external relations. She was also on a range of external committees such as the Australian Research Council. In 2008, she turned 60 and decided not to renew her contact. She retired in order to do more research as well as travel and brush up on language skills. 36:46 Her old PhD has been published as a book. She has published articles. She has visited Europe and practised her French, Italian and German. She agreed to go on too many boards and committees as she was worried she would be bored but this hasn’t been the case. Being a board member of the National Portrait Gallery; the WA Symphony Orchestra and Telethon were very enjoyable. She is still on the Board of the Perth Festival. It is not the role of the Board to interfere in the running of the organisation but to give advice. In the case of the ABC, perhaps the Board has been too hands-off. Today, there is a lot more Board assessment – internal and/or external. 42:53 Margaret was invited onto the Festival Board in 2009 and elected as Chair in 2012. When her current term finishes she will not be renewing. She believes that there needs to be younger Board members on the Festival to keep it relevant and encourage a younger audience. The Fringe Festival is different to the Perth Festival and isn’t seen as a competitor. Fringe has contributed to the vibrancy of the city. Margaret was on the Perth Revitalizing Committee from 2009-2013. It was recommended that the arts would be integrated into the vision. Local Government has not been amalgamated into the scheme as yet. However, the Chamber of Arts & Culture came out of one of the committee’s recommendations. 47:03 Senate appoints the Chair of the Festival Board. Margaret is working on the recent donation by Andrew and Nicola Forrest. She has liaised between her contacts and UWA to assist with fund raising. She occasionally supervises PhDs in her role as Senior Honorary Research Fellow. The School of Music is tracking well. The new course structure has attracted students other than specialist music students. The School has a good relationship with the WA Symphony Orchestra. Generally arts and music schools in universities around Australia are struggling. 49:09 Margaret has had great pleasure from her long involvement with UWA. The challenge for UWA is to survive in the current economic climate. Having worked on both sides of the fence in universities she believes that internal communication is crucial to success. 54:47 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/9881513c47b8fbda9c493c1f3316fcad.mp3">Seares, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/4d6cc00b9afb5b78608d24e8ca3fa39f.mp3">Seares, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d7f329d6226eaf6cb947b6fbcb71d719.mp3">Seares, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/230248171a792e5df29028a1b0796b95.mp3">Seares, Interview 2, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Margaret Seares interview, 6 November 2014 and 26 November 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Music Description An account of the resource Margaret Seares holds a PhD from UWA in Music, her field of specialty being the keyboard music of the 18th century. From 1991-1995 she was Head of the School of Music, and Deputy Chair of the Academic Board at UWA. In 1995 she accepted a two-year secondment to the position of CEO with the West Australian Department for the Arts (now the Department of Culture and the Arts), and in 1997 she was appointed to a 4-year term as Chair of the Australia Council. She has been a member of a wide range of Boards and Councils in the government, not-for-profit, and arts sectors and is currently a board member of the West Australian Symphony Orchestra, a Councillor with the WA Chamber of Commerce & Industry and with Scotch College WA, a member of the Australian Research Council's advisory council, and a member of the board of the Council for the Humanities Arts & Social Sciences. In 2003 Professor Seares was awarded the Officer of the Order of Australia in recognition of her work for the arts and education. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Seares, Margaret Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Peter Bruechle Location The location of the interview Wembley Downs, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 Hour 4 minutes, 6 seconds Interview 2:1 hour, 5 minutes, 44 seconds Total: 2 hours, 9 minutes, 50 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:29 Track 2 00:00 Peter’s father was from Switzerland. Peter’s grandfather was a mining engineer. Peter’s father was an electrician and was killed by a falling power pole in about 1954 when Peter was 22 years old. Peter was brought up by his grandmother in Welshpool and attended Queen’s Park State School. Peter’s uncle was running the electrical trades department at Perth Technical College. Peter decided to go into structures rather than become an electrician. He went to Forrest High School in Lord Street, East Perth to do his Junior. Then attended Perth Technical College for a year while Leederville Technical College was being built. Did his Leaving from Leederville Tech and won a scholarship to do Engineering at Perth Technical College. His Master was Erich Shilbury. Shirley Strickland taught Physics. After graduating, he was employed by the Architectural Department of the Public Works Department. 04:47 Perth Technical College was situated on St George’s Terrace. It had some older buildings behind it where Engineering and Chemistry were taught. There were a range of temporary buildings containing the canteen and a workshop. The Electrical Trades Department and the School of Architecture were housed in a new building on Terrace Drive. The architecture students were young whereas some of the Engineering students were mature, returned servicemen. Peter shared lectures with the architecture students and made friends with many of them which helped him later on in his career. Erich Shilbury had been a top engineer in Berlin and worked with Felix Samuely who went to work in London. Peter worked with Samuely in London later on. Shilbury had lectured in mathematics at Wesley College. 08:29 Peter graduated with an Associate in Structural Engineering (Civil) from Perth Technical College in 1953. He went to work for the Government. All of the major buildings in town were being constructed by the Public Works Department. Lew Harding was the Chief Engineer. It was a good job. Peter worked here for 2-3 years and then went to work in London. He worked with Samuely on the new American Embassy Building in Grosvenor Square and Brussels Exhibition buildings in 1958. The building work in London was more esoteric whereas the building work in Perth was more utilitarian. 13:13 Peter flew home and married his fiancée. He returned to work as a Senior Design Engineer with the Public Works Department from 1958-1961. [mobile phone rings] Peter feasted on European architecture such as the Player’s Theatre, a Victorian Music Hall. London still showed signs of bomb damage. A new town was being built at Harlow . Peter was not impressed with some of the building he saw here. Some of the construction was quite different to what he had been used to. He had had a year without pay and went back to designing high schools and such like for the Government. 18:15 Shilbury asked Peter to lecture at Perth Technical College part-time at night. He was working full-time and also running a private practice (PJ’s or private jobs) which you weren’t supposed to do. He took over Shilbury’s final year classes when he was on long service leave. Each government building was designed by a government architect. The principal architect was A E (Paddy) Clare. Government cadetships trained many of the architects around town. Architects and structural engineers worked together on buildings. Norm Gilchrist was the second in charge and became a partner in Bruechle Gilchrist and Evans. Peter also worked on State housing such as the block of flats on the corner of Hay and Outram Streets, West Perth. Neville Coulter was the architect. 24:51 Peter left the government in 1961 and set up in private practice. He rented a room in an office owned by architects Gus Ferguson and Tony Brand. The office was in St George’s House, now The Terrace Hotel. Brand & Ferguson broke up later and Tony Brand went to Forbes and Fitzhardinge as their chief design architect. Peter started taking over more and more of the building and went into partnership with Norm Gilchrist and Ernie Evans. The firm grew and they later moved to new premises in South Perth. Eric Moyle paid Peter for work he hadn’t done to keep him afloat. Moyle later left architecture and became an artist. Peter worked with Ken Broadhurst on car parks and the grandstand at Subiaco. 29:20 Structural engineers at the time were Don Fraser, Leon Halpern and George Kadifa. Peter had some issues with Gordon Barrett-Hill but they became friends. Now there are lots of engineers and architects. 32:44 Track 3 00:00 There were two ways to become an architect before the School of Architecture opened at UWA in 1968. You could do a course at Perth Tech or you could study for the Board exams. Peter ran private classes in structures for the Board students. The Board students were thought inferior to the Perth Tech students and all of them later compared to university educated students. 04:36 The first lecturer at the School of Architecture at UWA was Lew Harding. Gordon Stephenson asked Peter to lecture part-time in structures. Peter had designed part of the Physics building at UWA and had got to know Gordon. Peter also did the structure for the Economics building and Marshall Clifton was the architect. Gus Ferguson was the architect for the Law School and Peter designed the structure. There were about 6-8 staff members: John White, Cal Green, John Cullen, Peter Grigg and Professor Hugo Brunt. Structures were regarded as an offshoot. Architecture students did not enjoy the subject so Peter tried to make it interesting and relevant. He took them to building sites such as Central Park. People involved with Central Park would also give lectures. External people also gave lectures in Peter’s course such as Ken Baker from Halpern Glick, George Kadifa, Gordon Barrett-Hill and Wally King, the State Manager of Leighton. 10:54 The core components of the course were materials, applied mechanics and how structures work, sizing hints and so on. Structures did not work in with the utilities. The services tend to run the design concept today. It is a lot more integrated now that computers are used. Peter stopped teaching in 1997. He felt that once computers became popular in the early 90s that he should move on. They did not use models. Computers enable people to design things because they can rather than because they should! He is not a fan of Frank Gehry! Peter feels buildings should have function. 16:38 The Law School at UWA is a first class building. Peter is also enamoured of Allendale Square. He is proud of Central Park. Problems around the building of the core of Central Park were used as a practical demonstration tool for the students. Buildings are problematic after 30 stories. They have to be built strong enough to withstand wind and earthquake, etc. To compensate for that, you need to have a strong core to stiffen the building. 22:00 There is an art to designing really tall buildings. Peter worked on Emirates Tower in Dubai. Emerging communities build tall buildings to show off their prowess but they are not particularly practical. 26:28 Exams were mandatory and Peter set the papers and marked them. He did not enjoy this but he does think that it is a good system of testing. Exams were just part of assessment and the students also did assignments as well. 30:53 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:31 Track 2 00:00 Peter was impressed with the early buildings at UWA but some of the government buildings at UWA were done to budget. Gordon Stephenson employed architects that would design buildings more sympathetic to the university environment. Gus Ferguson designed the Law School and the Guild Building. Roger Johnson was the architect for the Economics School. Peter worked with Roger as design engineer on this building. Tony Brand designed the new Music School. To avoid escalating building costs, Tony and Peter decided the building should be constructed in pre-cast concrete. This was the first (and perhaps last) time this method was used on the UWA campus. Peter had been pushing for this material to be used more widely. Central Park and Exchange Plaza were both built with pre-cast concrete. The audio requirements of the Music School were very strict. Some of the modern buildings were the Engineering School designed by Gordon Finn. Peter was involved with some of the structure for the Physics Building when he was still working for the government. Many of these architects were influenced by modern design. 06:19 The School of Architecture was located in make-shift buildings off Fairway. The new school was designed by Gus Ferguson. Physics and Chemistry were done by Public Works. Peter does not like some of the modern buildings designed today. He regards the Law School as being very people friendly. Gus Ferguson spent a lot of time developing off-form materials. The Law School is highly regarded. Off-form concrete was very popular in England. The first off-form concrete building constructed in Australia was Hale School War Memorial Hall. Gus Ferguson was the architect. Inside, he made panels of bomb craters in concrete. He used the materials for the Law School in a different way to make it more liveable. There was a great deal of experimentation done in order to get the right colour concrete. Part of the Economics School was built in off form concrete. 12:24 The Arts Building was designed by Marshall Clifton. The engineer was Don Fraser. They had problems with the foundations. The Law School foundations were dug out and taken away and compacted sand was used for the new foundations. It was cheaper than digging holes. There was once a well on the site so it had to be blocked up. Today the problem would be solved by piling. The Sports Centre was designed by Gus Ferguson to a budget. It has an off form concrete frame with brick structure. Gordon Stephenson wanted all the buildings on campus to link together. Peter was not involved with the new School of Architecture building. 16:54 The buildings at Murdoch university were designed by Gus Ferguson. Peter did some structures at Curtin with Gus Ferguson. A major building was the Administration Building and Tony Brand was the architect. Many of the buildings at Curtin were designed by the PWD architect using off form concrete (including the School of Architecture). Architecture is very much subject to the fashions of the time. The Reid Library at UWA was designed by Cameron Chisholm & Nicol. It is similar to the National Library in Canberra. 21:28 When Gordon Finn designed the engineering school the buildings had roof trusses. Peter learned how to use rigid frames – now known as portal frames. Ferguson used boards with grooves in to hold them together with a slip tongue. Later, compressible plastic foam was used to minimise leakage. Laminated timber did not take off due to problems with the glues. The arches at Hale School are laminated timber. Innovations always cost a lot of money until it is worked out how to do it properly. Pre-cast concrete was used successfully in the Arabian Gulf. Floor could be erected very quickly. 28:08 The climate in the Middle East is very harsh and regulations not as strict. The building industry in Australia is now over-regulated. Personal responsibility is a thing of the past. The concrete was mixed with ice in the Middle East. Most of the concreting took place from 11pm when it was cooler. Desert winds blow sand and dust into the cities. When Peter first went to Dubai in 1972 it was very primitive. At that time, Saudi Arabia was the place that was developing. The tallest building in Dubai was the Hilton Hotel which was 2 storeys. When he returned in 1997 he was amazed by the changes. Peter worked on the Emirates Tower with Derek Robson from Multiplex. There were problems with the concrete that had to be sorted out. 40:15 Construction is a team game and needs to be played as such. Low fees mean people cut corners. Clear lines of authority and responsibility must be established. The construction of Kewdale High School was a team effort. Peter is regularly invited to arbitrate in construction disputes. The Redemptorist Retreat House in North Perth is a new building constructed from old bricks. Rob Campbell turned Fremantle Asylum into an Arts Centre. All the floors needed re-doing. The chimneys and roof structures had to be strengthened. Peter’s rule in BG&E was they could do things they didn’t like and make money; they could do things they liked and lose money; but that they wouldn’t do things that they didn’t like and lose money! 47:47 Peter loved many of his jobs particularly the Music and Law Schools at UWA; Exchange Plaza and of course Central Park due to its innovation. Traditional buildings and Roman and Japanese architecture are inspirational. Inspirational design engineers were Erich Shilbury, Felix Samuely, Norm Gilchrist and Ernest Evans. 54:06 Climate was a factor in construction projects in the North West due to extreme heat or cyclones. Peter was involved with the construction of accommodation at Newman for Leightons. Sir Charles Court insisted that these were permanent towns. Peter also designed a railway tower and shunting yard. Eco sensitive building was never part of the brief, although in Newman he suggested houses be built with concrete materials sourced locally rather than bricks from Perth. Kingston Tower in Canberra was built with pre-cast concrete made in South Australia. 01:01:19 Peter finds adjudicating on construction matters very difficult as the system is so adversarial. He has recently been made an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Engineers. He would like to see more teamwork in the construction industry and more selection on merit rather than on money. 01:05:13 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b494929c312a53a0e1027906522d4b9a.mp3">Bruechle, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c55cca43cee8bb9c45e6c466d29bda20.mp3">Bruechle, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/df8ad8d43ce661c7fa3a6e05e4913ef8.mp3">Bruechle, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1da1ecd4564c6263e64c7a928afc065e.mp3">Bruechle, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/7b3642338b06e71023b21a5ff749cc51.mp3">Bruechle, Interview 2, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peter Bruechle interview, 5 November 2014 and 12 November 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Architecture Description An account of the resource Peter Bruechle’s father and uncle were electricians but Peter decided to become an engineer. He studied engineering at Perth Technical College where he shared some classes with the architecture students. After graduating, he worked for the Public Works Department building houses and schools before taking a year off to work in London. When he returned to Perth, he worked for the Government again before leaving to set up in private practice. He was managing director of the Consulting Group, Bruechle, Gilchrist & Evans, which he founded, from 1961 until his retirement from it in 1997. In 1997, he was appointed Design Manager on the Emirates Tower in Dubai, which when completed, was the tallest building in Europe and the Middle East. He taught at Perth Technical College on a part-time basis for ten years and lectured on structures on a part-time basis at the School of Architecture at the University of Western Australia for in excess of thirty five years (approximately 1962-1997). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bruechle, Peter Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Peter Grigg Location The location of the interview Claremont, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 56 minutes, 52 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:50 Track 2 00:00 Peter John Grigg was born on 7 June 1925. He started his schooling at Darlington State School aged 6 and then went to Hale School. He joined the Royal Australian Navy in 1942. Peter’s older brother was an architectural student and he had thought that he could do engineering and work with him but he was killed at Kokoda. Peter’s father was a builder. At the end of the Second World War, Peter returned to Perth Technical College to do his matriculation. He got an Associate in Architecture from Perth Tech and became involved with various committees for the Royal Institute of Architects, especially on the practice committee. Because of this involvement, in 1971 he was invited by Roger Johnson who was the Reader and Acting Head of the School of Architecture at UWA, to become visiting lecturer for professional practice in the Fifth year. 06:00 The head of the school at Perth Technical College was Bill Robbie. The course involved construction, the history of architecture, plumbing, wood working, cabinet making, architecture drawing and drafting. Practical classes were held at Leederville Technical College on brick laying, timber work and painting. It was a very practical approach to architecture. Peter graduated in 1954 and started work at Cameron Chisholm and Nichol. Then he moved to Oldham Boas & Ednie-Brown where he remained for some years. He did commercial and residential work. Peter assisted with the drawings for South Fremantle Power Station. It was a strict brief. Structural engineers were involved in the project as well. The drawings were done manually on tracing paper or on fine linen that was used for drafting. All the drawing was done by hand in the days before computers. 11:23 Studio sessions at UWA consisted of a student being set a problem such as designing a 2 bedroom apartment. In those days sketch plans were submitted for the client’s approval. Peter taught the students professional practice in the 5th year and the law in relation to professional practice and contract drawings. This continued when he was a full-time member of staff. He lectured on the responsibilities of the architect at common law and contract law. Parallel to that, Peter taught second year studio work in simple design programmes. He also lectured in building construction. Margaret Pitt-Morison ran a history course; Peter Bruechle taught introduction to engineering problems associated with building. Plumbing consultants were part-time visiting lecturers. Some of the attitudes from Perth Tech were carried over to WAIT and thence to UWA. The studio teaching method was popular around the world. A lot of students liked to build models. A three dimensional model was used to explain to clients how the building would look. Computer design has now replaced the need for models. 17:03 When Peter came to UWA, Roger Johnson was Head of School. There was no Professor as such because Professor Gordon Stephenson was busy doing other things. The department was located in temporary ex-army buildings near the Sunken Garden. In second year, Peter had approximately 15-20 students; often the majority were females. A few dropped off during the course and had to repeat years. It was a demanding course. The students would do their studio work after hours to complete projects. Each student had a work station and a drawing board. The course did not include a practical component but Peter took his 2nd year students to building sites at weekends to reinforce the lectures. He also took students to Rottnest for sketching and he held an art week at York where they did clay modelling, painting and live drawing classes to develop their artistic skills. 23:21 UWA had a number of visiting lecturers as they had a limited staff ratio and budget. The visitors could take subjects that the staff did not have the skill to teach. Peter did not attend staff meetings until he became full-time. John White came from WAIT. Roger Johnson was Gordon Stephenson’s planning assistant in the plan for UWA. Cal Green was a general lecturer. Derek Carruthers brought his expertise in acoustics to the school and headed up building science. Geoff Roy was the computer whizz. Peter did a sabbatical year in Britain and visited offices that were using computers. 27:18 When Peter was teaching at UWA the only architectural courses in Perth were run by WAIT and UWA. When the School of Architecture at UWA started in 1968, it was agreed that they would accept Fourth Year students from WAIT. Peter thought both courses were equally good. David Stanton from WAIT published some good works and Peter consulted with him on issues to do with course work. The courses were similar. Town Planning was not a strongly developed unit at UWA despite the interest of Professor Gordon Stephenson. It would have been covered in the course on professional practice. Planning legislation would have been taught in 5th year. Landscape architecture was taught part-time by the university landscape architect. Roger Johnson devised the colour scheme for the UWA buildings being cream and orange. 33:13 A visiting lecturer who came from Denmark espoused that buildings could claim the site or merge with the site. The students were taught “good mannered” architecture – i.e. to be sensitive to the streetscape. In the days before exhaust fans, designing buildings was quite tricky due to regulations regarding ventilation and light. Designing a building to take account of sunshade and shade was also taught. 39:17 Students sometimes had to work on joint projects. The studio situation took over the role of the tutorial and students got one to one attention. Peter did not enjoy setting exam papers. Most of the students got jobs. They did not necessarily have to become architects but could use the expertise they had learnt to take them into different areas. 43:25 Visiting scholars arrived on a fairly regular basis. Some of the UWA students did a semester in Denmark which exposed them to European architecture. A lecturer from Denmark also visited and taught studio work. The students all wanted to travel to Europe. Some Perth Tech students went to work in London straight after graduating. Architecture trends were taught in architectural history. John White, Ralph Drexel and Cal Green would have all been involved with this. 46:55 Architectural schools in Australia would be inspected each cycle (perhaps every 3-5 years) and the inspectors had to approve the course. The courses did not change much over the 13 years that Peter was teaching. The introduction of computers and building science were the biggest changes. The School was moved to its present location after Peter retired in 1985. 50:12 The School of Architecture was quite self-sufficient although Peter did mix socially with Martin Webb from Geography and Reg Moir from Agriculture. There was no inter-faculty engagement except perhaps with Engineering. Some of the students did extra units in courses outside of Architecture. Peter really enjoyed teaching his students. He often invited them to lunch and showed them the house that he had built in the final year he was at Perth Technical College. It was located at Mosman Park and had a northern exposure and sunlight control. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d6314a4b343e77f2578ec2d5bc39c7fa.mp3">Grigg, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/3870eb1116ed9b4f39c556dd103fd43e.mp3">Grigg, Interview 1, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peter Grigg interview, 31 October 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Architecture Description An account of the resource Peter Grigg studied architecture at Perth Technical College. He graduated with an Associate in Architecture in 1954. After graduating, he worked in private practice for Cameron Chisholm & Nichol and later, Oldham Boas & Ednie-Brown. During this period he was involved with the design drawings for South Fremantle Power Station. In 1971, he was invited by Roger Johnson, Reader at the School of Architecture at UWA to lecture part-time. He became a full-time lecturer at UWA in 1975 and taught Professional Practice at the School of Architecture until his retirement in 1985. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grigg, Peter Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Colin Campbell-Fraser Location The location of the interview Gwelup, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour 4 minutes, 50 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 14 minutes, 50 seconds Interview 3: 1 hour, 49 minutes, 34 seconds Total: 4 hours, 9 minutes, 14 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 01:15 Track 2 00:00 Colin Stewart Campbell-Fraser born 29 October 1945 in Corrigin. Family lived at Bruce Rock until he was about 10 years old. Father PNG technical transferred to Perth and the family lived at Hobart Street, North Perth. Got Junior Certificate at Tuart Hill High School. Became a copy boy at WA Newspapers with a view to becoming an apprentice compositor. Father impressed on him the value of getting an apprenticeship. When he turned 18, he was called up to the Vietnam War but it was deferred until he finished his apprenticeship. He joined the army in 1967. WA Newspapers (WAN) was located at 162 St George’s Terrace. His job was to put the pages of the newspaper together in metal frames. The industry went through many technical changes and Cam was involved in these as a union member and shop steward and later production supervisor. The company had made up the difference between his normal pay and what the army paid him which was very generous and engendered his loyalty. Returned to WAN in 1969. 04:26 Coming back to WAN was like returning home. People didn’t move around so much in those days. Cam attended a Trades & Labour Council Conference at the age of 16. Five of the speakers told the young men in the audience that the days of a job for life were over. In time he became a floor hand then held supervisory positions in charge of shifts. There were four shifts between the Daily News and the West Australian. Staff rotated through the shifts every 3 months. When he was working as a copy boy in 1961 on the Pictorial Desk he was encouraged to do study with a view to taking a photography cadetship. He studied at Tuart Hill High School to do Leaving English but did not complete it. As a result of army service he was paid to do 1 year full time study or 2 years part-time. He went back to Leederville Tech to do his leaving and did one year of English and one year of English Literature. The following year he went to re-enrol and was advised to do a mature-aged Matriculation which could take him to university. He repeated English and did Economics which gave him entry into UWA in 1972. 10:54 He enrolled in English Literature and Politics. Bob Hetherington lectured in Politics. 1972 was the year that Labor swept into power under Gough Whitlam. He had always read at home so it wasn’t a chore to study literature. He was enthused and stimulated by the study. He was initially quite intimated by the younger students but soon realised he had life experience on his side. The lecturers and the administration staff were supportive. The hardest part was trying to balance work, study and family life. You had to enrol for a full year at UWA whereas WAIT or Curtin had a semester system. He often had to withdraw from units. 15:34 The lecturers and tutorials were generally from about 4pm. He had to learn how to use the library for research. There were other matured aged people studying particularly after 1972. They weren’t so many team projects in those days. Several mature-aged people were studying industrial relations. This led to a more collegial atmosphere. 20:40 He loved Ancient History and enjoyed studying the politics of the period and the fact that life has not changed so much in the way we organise ourselves. Industrial relations and the psychology of managing the work force were beginning to be popular. Cam learned that he was an informal leader. The impact of his studies made the newspaper realise that he had potential. Cam recalled some excellent debates with the sub editors and journalists. 25:06 Although UWA staff sympathised with his plight, the university had not formal support for part-time and/or mature aged students. He needed and welcomed the feedback that he got from the academic staff. He felt empowered as an individual whereas on the shop floor he was merely a production unit. Discussion and debate was also quite strong within the union movement. The union was a very good training ground for learning how to manage issues. The printing industry was faced with vast changes in technology. People had to transition and learn new skills. More women coming into the work force was a challenge for many! They were prepared for the technological changes as print media in other areas of the world had already gone through this. Cam was taught how to type in the army as signals officer. He found this a very useful skill when keyboarding and computers were introduced. 31:32 In 1978, the Herald newspaper in Melbourne took over WAN. People who left were not replaced and they moved from employment of journalist cadetships to graduate journalists. Many of these graduates left rather than do the mundane jobs. Cam was approached by the Editor of the Daily News, Ian Hummerston, to become a journalist. Cam negotiated that he would take a pay cut. Now he was working during daylight hours during the last 3 years of his degree. This fact assisted him to complete the degree in 1981. Cam’s wife and children and his father attended his graduation ceremony. He was presented with his degree by the Chancellor D. H. Aitken who was also Chairman of the Main Roads Department. 37:19 Cam negotiated to report as a graded journalist and the editors knew that he could write and had life experience and contacts. He started off doing general reporting. His first story was on heatwave conditions in WA. He had already learned the importance of maintaining relationships. The job was a shared experience and very immediate. 41:36 Cam covered a lot of the tax avoidance stories that were prevalent at that time. Also the garbage collectors’ strike. He did the environment round and a column called “Bird Watch” during the drought in about 1978 or 1979. His university contacts were from Murdoch or Curtin. UWA was more conservative. 45:13 After environment he did industrial relations and then was made the Daily News political reporter in about 1984 when John Arthur left for Canberra. Cam would attend the Labor Party public meetings if John was away and always covered the Trades & Labour Council meetings. John was tenacious and followed Sir Charles Court around doggedly in 1982 as he had got wind of Court’s impending retirement. His persistence led to Sir Charles Court calling him in and giving him the scoop. Court was succeeded by Ray O’Connor who was known to Cam from campaigning in East Perth and playing football for East Perth. Cam has made no secret of his political affiliations as he considers it dishonest to do so. 50:16 Politicians regularly contact journalists to present their case. The journalist must enquire beyond what is given to them. Politicians also invite the media to the opening of new infrastructure projects. In 1983, when Brian Burke was elected Premier, he established a practice of taking the Cabinet to the community and would fly them and a media contingent to places such as Albany or Kalgoorlie to hold Cabinet meetings. This was not standard practice. 53:53 Cam had his own office in WAN but in Parliament the journalists shared offices. Cam was very rarely in his office at the newspaper. He generally had about 8 assignments per day and would phone in the news from Parliament House, the Trades & Labour Centre or the Courts. 56:09 When he had “writer’s block”, he would write a human interest story. One of his first stories involved interviewing the parents of a young violinist who had died in a traffic accident. Another involved pet rocks! 60:48 The editors and sub editors would check the copy. Cam had done a bit of that occasionally as relief work and if he worked on the Saturday paper. He preferred journalism as he liked to be out of the office and meeting new people. 63:35 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:38 Track 2 00:00 Journalist (1978-1985). While on Cam’s rounds one day he was visiting Premier Brian Burke’s press secretary, Ron Barry, who suggested that Cam work as media secretary to Peter Dowding. His fellow journalists thought he had gone over to the dark side! At his leaving party he was told he wrote without personal or political bias. 06:25 Worked closely with Peter Dowding’s private staff. Told Peter Dowding he would not lie to the media and that he required access to him as Minister whenever he needed it. Much of his work centred on industrial relations, employment and training issues. 11:05 He gave guidance to how ministers and policy officers framed things. He tried to imagine how announcements would impact on the public. There were several industrial issues at the time - strikes in the Pilbara, etc. His role was to be a sounding board and to guide and ‘protect’ the minister. Handling television media was a significant part of the role. Print, radio and TV all have a spatial context requiring a set time to get your message across. 16:28 Cam met Brian Burke at WAN. In this job he liaised with Brian Burke through his press secretaries and sometimes with him personally. Burke established a meaningful government media office. It caused better co-ordination and helped to enhance the solidarity of Cabinet but there were unscripted comments from time to time. 21:50 Cam trained the minister in how to be media savvy. Before a press conference, they would rehearse what some of the questions might be. Brian Burke understood the importance of having a Cabinet that looked presentable. Cam was responsible for Ernie Bridge when he became a Minister in 1986. He was the first Indigenous Minister and was very personable. Cam believes his contribution to UWA was to build a more responsible and flexible culture and to communicate the university’s vision. 29:56 The stock market crash of 1987 impacted on Perth, WA and on the State Government. The Rothwells rescue was put in place. Unfortunately the Government was not in full possession of the facts. Brian Burke had decided to leave in early 1988. There were four emerging leaders: Peter Dowding, Julian Grill, Bob Pearce and David Parker. 34:23 Peter Dowding’s office worked hard to make him palatable as a successor to Brian Burke. He was announced as Premier in late 1987 but was in a holding pattern until Brian Burke left in 1988. The Rothwells controversy was by then at its height and took 6 months to discover the scale of the problem. 39:41 Cam then became Press Secretary to the Premier. Brian Burke was a very hard act to follow as he was a consummate media performer. Peter Dowding was also very good with the media and a good and clear thinker. The “Dowding’s Working” campaign re launched him after about 6 months as a hard worker and a man of the people. This created a sense of change. Peter Dowding’s first budget was a social budget but they couldn’t build on it as he began to white-anted from within his own party. 45:50 In the end, Peter Dowding could not resist the internal and external campaigns against him. Premier Dowding went to the World Economic Forum in Davos in 1990 to showcase Western Australia. Politics in Europe were at a very interesting stage with the dismantling of the Berlin Wall while back in Perth the knives were out for him. 49:05 Caucus voted him out but the deal was that Carmen Lawrence would retain David Parker as Deputy Leader. Cam believes that David Parker should have been encouraged to resign so that the Lawrence Government would have some distance from WA Inc. Carmen Lawrence did not want to retain Cam as he was viewed as being too close to Peter Dowding. He worked for TAFE WA as Public Affairs Manager for about 9 months. 55:29 In late 1991, Carmen Lawrence asked Cam to be Principal Private Secretary (now called Chief of Staff) for Dr Judyth Watson. She was a new Minister who came in when Gavan Troy was sacked and her office was a mish-mash of staff from previous ministers. Her portfolio mix was all people orientated and the demands were great. There was also the wash up from Western Women and Robin Greenburgh. Other issues were Mabo, Aboriginal Deaths in Custody, Marandoo and Yakabindie. Cam had to unify the office. 1:02:26 There was a very good press report from Judith Watson’s visit to Marandoo and she won back a lot of respect in Cabinet. 1:07:12 A year later he was asked to become Director of Policy in the Office of the Premier. Cabinet was fractured due to the Penny Easton affair. Despite their best efforts the Government lost the 1993 election to Richard Court. 1:12:42 Cam could have stayed working for the incoming Government but he decided to leave. He was offered a job on the ABC working on the current affairs morning radio programme. Interview 3 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:55 Track 2 Cam was producer of the ABC morning current affairs programme from April 1993 to August 1996. At the same time, he was doing coaching work – managing leaders and senior executives for government agencies or law firms and so on. UWA approached him this way. They were at a cross roads. There had been a failed merger plan between UWA and Murdoch in 1988/89. Fay Gale had been appointed the first female Vice Chancellor. She was a strong feminist who believed in fairness and equity and she had been experiencing some hostility to her appointment and the changes that she was trying to make. At the same time, an issue known as the “Rindos affair” had split the university. UWA was getting bad press. 05:11 Alan Robson, the Deputy Vice Chancellor and Malcolm Orr, the Registrar tried to put out the fires. Cam gave some initial advice and was eventually appointed as Director of Public Affairs in 1996. The culture and management style of UWA at this time was conservative. They had no coherent strategy to deal with these sorts of problems. Cam insisted his office was separate from the Vice-Chancellery. Cam realised UWA’s culture must change and that the public and the media needed to have access to the university. 09:37 Cam decided that he was going to make internal relations more informal. There seemed to be an inability to act in a timely fashion in relation to issues and he felt that the university was operating in a cocoon. Cam encouraged the academics to co-operate and participate with the media. He made his office the first port of call for the Australian media, particularly in relation to research programmes. He used his contacts in the media and politics to enable UWA academics to take part in conferences. He did a review after 4 years and discovered that roughly 500-600 UWA staff had been quoted in the media on an annual basis. The media have space to fill and are looking for good talent. Cam was able to deliver them on time and built up a good relationship with the media. 15:20 Cam had a good PA but ran a lean office so that he was not accused of wasting university funds. When the academics realised that community service was part of being considered for promotion they were more prepared to get involved. Fay was highly respected by the women in the university as she promoted a lot of women to leadership roles. She was respected nationally and internationally. The Howard Government reduced Commonwealth funding to universities and Fay championed the importance of higher education. 20:24 The other part of Cam’s role was to revamp the outreach programme of the university – UWA Press, Extension, the museums and galleries and the Festival. He proposed that an umbrella be placed over all of these different aspects of UWA. Fay recruited Professor Margaret Seares in 1997. She was a UWA music graduate and had been head of music. She had managed the Department of Culture and the Arts in Western Australia. She was appointed Chair of the Australia Council part-time and worked for UWA part time as Executive Director, Community Relations to promote UWA’s interests. 24:06 Cam believes that the Rindos affair got out of control and that people became entrenched in their positions. He puts this down to lack of communication and unwillingness to understand the issue. It got so bad that there was an Upper House enquiry of the Legislative Council. He advised Fay Gale to tell the enquiry that as Chancellor, she was responsible for all decisions made by the university. This took the wind out of their sails to some extent. There was a headline to this effect in the West Australian. The death of David Rindos in 1996 effectively ended the controversy. 29:50 The faculties viewed the administration as becoming too big and taking over their patch. Consultation was paramount in order to make sure that everyone felt that they had some input. Committee structures needed reform as it took too long to effect changes. The inertia was also evident in other parts of the university. Alan Robson and Fay Gale had a plan to buy out senior staff and give them a good package in order that they could retire with some integrity and dignity and so that the university could bring in people with fresh ideas. Alan Robson and Fay Gale decided that UWA should aim to be one of the top 100 universities in the world by the time of the centenary in 2013 and to be within the top 50 within fifty years. 34:57 Cam was doing this job for 10 years. He then went to a 3 day week as Principal Adviser External Relations and Advocacy. Advocacy was the buzz word and he became more of a lobbyist. Fay Gale left in 1997 and Deryck Schreuder was appointed. Cam’s role was to support the Executive and give them self-belief and honest advice. Cam believes that Deryck Schreuder did not achieve as much as he wanted to at UWA as he had some personal issues – not least that his wife remained living in Sydney. Alan Robson remained as Deputy Vice Chancellor and remained responsible for the running of internal issues. 40:10 Deryck Schreuder wanted UWA to be more engaged with the community. Fay Gale did 3 significant things in her last year – she committed to the air conditioning of Winthrop Hall; she committed to building a University Club and she established the Fay Gale Scholarship for UWA staff. They appointed a Director of Management Events to help engage with the community. In 1999, the established the Parents Welcome. Another significant thing was the celebration every two years for those who had donated their mortal remains to science. This involved their relatives and the Anatomy students. 46:51 Towards the millennium, Deryck Schreuder was active on various boards and committees promoting the university nationally and internationally. On Valentine’s Day 2000 all those couples who had wedding photos taken and/or married on campus were invited back to UWA for an afternoon tea. They got a front page human interest story in The West Australian. Cam used his media background to get people to talk about the university in ways other than just about research and the students. 50:15 The 2000 Festival of Perth was one of the most significant but went over budget. Managing this was quite sensitive. Perth could have lost its Festival and the university its community outreach. It was Seán Doran first festival. The role is now split into two roles to enable the artistic director to take care of the arts side and a manager who oversees the finances. 55:40 UWA established a Clinical Evaluation Training Centre along the same lines of ones that had been established in the UK. This was opened by the Queen in about January 2000. Significant funders were introduced to the university as a result of this event. It enabled the university to extend its invitation list to all the significant people around Perth including the State Governor and the politicians. 01:01:15 More capital works followed. In 2002, Cam approved the interviews for would be Big Brother contestants to take place in Winthrop Hall. It made the university look a little less aloof. Another controversial event was the Pangaea conference in about 1999. Cam feels that universities have a role in facilitating discussion and debate – not matter how controversial – and can provide a neutral environment. 01:06:31 A key event was Alan Robson recruiting Barry Marshall back to Perth and UWA. Geoff Gallop opened the Motorola Building in 2003. This later became the Ken and Julie Michael Building . UWA internally funded the new Science Building at UWA that Geoff Gallop opened. Cam recalls when he heard through a Spanish journalist in 2005 that Barry Marshall had won the Nobel Prize. This was important for Barry Marshall and UWA. 01:15:35 Around this time, Cam did more external lobbying and attended State Political Conferences which had not been done before. Cam managed to organise a meeting with Kevin Rudd and the Senate before he was elected in 2007. When Stephen Smith became Foreign Affairs Minister he extended an invitation to the then US Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice. Cam drafted a letter for Alan Robson extending an invitation to her if she ever visited WA. She did visit UWA in 2008. 01:21:54 In this period there were great developments in fund raising and outreach. Ex-UWA students such as Kim Beazley and Carmen Lawrence have been invited back to take up positions at UWA. This adds value to the university experience. In 2014, Stephen Smith became Winthrop Professor of Law at UWA. It is important that students see high achievers whether they be politicians or business leaders as people who were once students like them. It makes them realise that they too can achieve their goals and not lose their fundamental humanity. 01:25:43 To make UWA a top university, it was necessary to elevate the status of the university and make it more well-known. It was decided that UWA should be a centre of research excellence. Cam’s role was to publicise that this was their goal and get the message across to decision makers both in Australia and overseas. Recruitment was important; it was fortunate that Barry Marshall returned to UWA just before he won a Nobel Prize. If Cam went interstate he ensured he met with education journalists in Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra and also politicians and ministers. 01:29:45 Facilities were also important. From 1997 through to about 2002, approximately $5 million was made in capital investment including the University Club, the Science Building, the Business School and new libraries. Staff and students saw the value of this. Technologies were changing. Cam made a point of introducing himself to the new Guild President each year. The student experience was key and through them the alumni. There is a cultural precinct at UWA now. The student experience is far more valuable than when Cam was at university in the 1970s. Working in PR for a university is very satisfying because it is a good product. 01:34:52 Working for UWA was similar to politics in that Cam was working for leaders and he wanted to do the best for those people. Working for UWA is slightly more complicated than working for politicians. Academic freedom is a bit different to making decisions according to the party line. Cam enjoyed working for UWA. It was a good product, with good people and a common thread of community service. The campus was inspiring and seeing young people blossom and the beauty of the grounds made working there a joy. He is appreciative of all the people he worked with and for at UWA. 01:43:20 Watching the eulogies for Gough Whitlam on television last night (21 October 2014) made him realise how visionary Gough Whitlam was. He was elected in 1972 which was Cam’s first year at UWA. Cam is concerned about the current financial situation and the lack of focus on university funding. He hopes that UWA will remain open to all sections of society. UWA is now 88th in the world and it is hoped that will get in the top 50. UWA must not shut itself off from the public but remain open and accessible. 01:48:39 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/476d6370702955b3cec104308ece09f3.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1c15c8b2f34fc55ce64c4d2e2262850f.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5fcea024b22ba2d7dfa1ade7f09f49cc.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/10cb33be9f5372a6cd79a9bcfc96cd99.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/ddb10b1877d2269eff50bcf4273b421f.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 3, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/defaf4733467562b42b38fb303a91743.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 3, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/18e4af0397a12537b976a230f7ae74c0.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 3, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colin Campbell-Fraser interview, 8 October 2014, 14 October 2014 and 22 October 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Public Affairs Description An account of the resource Colin Campbell-Fraser is a UWA Graduate and prior to taking the role of Director of Public Affairs at UWA in 1996 he enjoyed a successful career as a senior journalist, media producer and policy and media advisor to various Ministers and Premiers at a state level. Colin retired from his role as Principal Advisor for External relations at UWA in 2011 but he maintains strong links to UWA as a Member of UWA's Council of Convocation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Campbell-Fraser, Colin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Basil Balme Location The location of the interview Claremont, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 58 minutes, 56 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 01:47 Track 2 00:00 Grandfather from Bradford, Yorkshire, UK. Basil’s father worked at Collie and farmed at Meckering. Later, he bought a shop in Victoria Park and then at Mends Street, South Perth. Basil’s mother taught piano. Basil’s father was gassed during the Battle of Passchendaele in about 1917. He was a heavy smoker and died in his early forties (c 1935). Basil attended schools in Victoria Park, Como and Subiaco. Subsequently, he attended Perth Boy’s School. He did the Junior Certificate and passed 10 subjects and won a scholarship which gave him entry into Scotch College. Luckily he was good at sports and played in their football and cricket teams. They beat Aquinas College to win the Darlow Cup at the WACA in 1939. He became Head Boy at Scotch College but thinks it was because so many boys left due to WWII. 06:45 Basil wanted to do law but you had to have Leaving Latin. He did first year engineering at UWA but realised that it wasn’t for him. There was no medical school at this time. He didn’t want to get called up into the army so he joined the Royal Australian Navy in 1942 and became a radar officer. He was on the corvette HMAS Cowra doing convoy duty in the Pacific for about 2 years and then did more training before serving on the Bungaree. 11:15 After the war he went back to UWA and studied geology. Returned servicemen had their fees paid. He had a scholarship to St George’s College. At this time, Basil considered UWA to be a training school for professionals rather than a university. There was very little research being done apart from perhaps in the Department of Agriculture. The first Professor of Zoology who came to UWA in 1948, Harry Waring (1910-1980) , changed the attitude of UWA towards research. 15:30 Teaching in Geology was very good. Professor Rex Prider was a mineralogist. R W Fairbridge published a lot of work. Curt Teichert was a palaeontologist. He was not there when Basil did his Honours year. The system in those days was to do a three year degree course followed by a year of research. You were expected to find your own project. Basil was approached by Joe Lord, the Surveyor-General, to look at a new technique called palynology. It was the study of the fossil pollen and spore of fossil plants that had been distributed by the wind and incorporated in marine and non-marine sediments. They were very resistant to decay. This had originally developed for the coal industry in England but it was highly successful and could be employed in the oil industry as well. Basil established his reputation and made a lot of money for the Department. This method is used widely today in the Departments of Archaeology and Anthropology. Field trips to the Irwin River every year until Honours year to see fossils in strata. You could also do field work in your Honours year. 20:44 The spores and pollen study made it quite easy to get jobs. At one time Basil got a Fullbright Scholarship to Harvard and was paid on the staff for another year before getting a job at New York University for about 3 years. He also had a paid television programme in New York. Harvard had lots of Nobel prize winners and is one of the most prestigious universities in the world. Basil was in the USA in 1963 when President John F Kennedy was shot in Dallas by Lee Harvey Oswald. The contrast between Harvard and UWA at that time was huge. UWA is very different now and has a large research focus and an emphasis on seeking knowledge. 24:11 When Basil was a student at UWA, he played sport and drank beer. They had social functions such as a Friday social where he met young women. St George’s College was very comfortable. The Warden was Josh Reynolds. Basil was on its Council for a couple of years. There were formal dinners in the evening. The Warden would say a formal grace before dinner. Lectures started at 9am. Students wore gowns to the evening meals but not to lectures like the Law students. 27:19 There was a library in the Geology Department so Basil did not use the university library that much. St George’s College library was quite widely used. The Zoologists had their own library and so did Mathematics and Physics. The department was training the students to go and work in the gold industry. By the time Basil reached Honours level, the oil industry had just been established in WA and attitudes changed. Geology in America was very much about exploring for oil 32:25 Basil worked for the National Coal Board in Sheffield, England from about 1949 to 1952 after he left St George’s College. He got married in England. They looked at the composition of the coals. Australian coals are different and contain more water. After the Coal Board, Basil worked for the CSIRO in Sydney studying oil exploration for about 3 years. 37:39 He returned to Perth in about 1957 to teach in the Geology Department at UWA. He believes that he was approached by the university. Basil recalls that Professor Eric Underwood in the Agriculture Department had a substantial research reputation. Harry Waring added to this emphasis when he arrived at UWA in 1948. Basil was asked to teach basic geology to classes of agriculture and engineering students. One of his students gained a considerable reputation in the field of spores and pollen research. Rex Prider didn’t do a great deal of supervision as not many students were that interested in mineralogy. He didn’t feel it was a very exciting department. The syllabus had not developed very much but Basil developed his own subjects based on his research interests. Professor Clark was the original professor before Prider. Basil’s teaching methods were different and he spent time with individual students in their Honours years. 42:39 Basil took field trips but not for Honours students. The Department did not approve of this. They felt that field work was an essential aspect of Geology. Field Geology and field mapping has gone out of fashion now and has been supplemented by Geophysics and surveys. There are not many exposures of rocks around Perth so the nearest field trips would be Collie or Irwin River. Staff would stake the students in their own cars or they would hire buses. They had to bring their own food and tents. 46:50 When Basil returned to UWA in 1946 there were staff shortages. Most of the younger men had gone away to WWII leaving behind the “God” professors. When he went back to teach in the late 1950s the teaching method had not changed dramatically. Job opportunities for geologists were few and included working for the survey, CSIRO or university teaching. Returning from America he still found that there was still little emphasis on research. 51:28 The Festival of Perth would have been operating from UWA campus. UWA was always very active in drama. Basil appeared in several of their plays. He was on the Senate and was Chairman of the Scholarships Committee. 54:50 Basil could have ended up as a farmer but UWA introduced him to areas of great interest and provided him with job opportunities and income. 56:09 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b328e9fbd63c58d610649708bafa8bde.mp3">Balme, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/228e3d21c6ee710494e5b8a866e6a4dc.mp3">Balme, Interview 1, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Basil Balme interview, 15 October 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Geology Description An account of the resource Basil Balme was an undergraduate at UWA at the beginning of the 1940s, but like many he enlisted for military service around 1942 after second year and served in the Australian Navy, returning to finish his degree in 1946 and graduating in 1948. In 1947 he was awarded the Edward Sydney Simpson Prize as well as the Lady James Prize in Natural Science (both jointly with John Glover). He returned to teach at UWA around 1957, eventually becoming Acting Head of Department (for Professor Harris), and Head of Department in 1984, before his own retirement. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Balme, Basil Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Anne Yardley Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Harold Clough Location The location of the interview Nedlands, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 15 minutes, 08 seconds Interview 2: 49 minutes, 58 seconds Total: 2 hours, 5 minutes, 06 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00 Introduction by Anne Yardley. 00:55 William Harold Clough, born 30 September 1926, Subiaco. Father John Oswald Clough, born Richmond Victoria, 1887; mother Lucy Hayes born Landsborough Victoria. Father was in the Gallipoli landing, later fought in France and received a commission. 02:47 After the First World War he joined brother William Clough to form Clough Brothers builders. Building work stopped during the Depression, William went gold mining in Southern Cross as there was still a market for gold. The Goldfields flourished during Depression. Father was out of work and joined militia. Times were tough. It was an awful experience having a father out of work. There was no dole and unemployment was 30 or 40 per cent. 06:00 Harold attended Nedlands Primary School from age 6 to 12; Claremont Central School, 12 to 15 years during the Second World War. His father was now a Lieutenant Colonel commanding the 2nd Field Third Regiment. Harold became a troop leader in the boy scouts where he had many interesting experiences. He relates a story about an assignment to go to Mundaring and carry out tasks set out in a sealed envelope. The boys camped overnight in wet winter conditions. He learnt a lot in scouting. 13:45 After school his ambition was to go into the army. The war was going badly for the Allies but that changed in 1942 with United States involvement. He believes the Japanese could have won had they not bombed Pearl Harbour when they did. 18:00 Harold completed Leaving [now TEE] at Scotch College at age 16. The two year course had been truncated into one year during the war. Harold passed and applied to Duntroon but was told he was too young. With the experience of the Depression his mother recommended he work in a bank or insurance company. He took a job at AMP [Australian Mutual Provident Society] “by far the worst year of my life, never been so bored ...” His job was to send overdue premiums to clients using hand written envelopes. He admits he wasn’t very good at it. Few men were available to do office work during the war. 23:30 He met a girl there who persuaded him to try for university. He applied for engineering at UWA with only 40 places available, 100 students studying engineering out of 1000 students in the entire university. Harold was offered a place by the Dean, Professor Howard Blakey, who told him he’d never got through as he was number 40 on the list. Harold determined to prove him wrong and worked hard during the first semester. To pass engineering, students had to be either good students or good rugby players, according to Harold. 26:50 Harold took up rugby and won a half blue. He was more proud of that than getting his degree. During the war, the engineering course was reduced to three years instead of five and called a Bachelor of Science and Engineering. After the war the degree course was increased to four years. Harold was given first class honours which allowed him to win a Fulbright Scholarship. “University changed my life and ever after I’ve been particularly grateful for that.” He was very active in student affairs: on the guild council and played sport. His girlfriend, who was studying psychology, introduced Harold to the Arts. 32:00 After graduation Harold worked for Cooperative Bulk Handling, a subsidiary of Wesfarmers—a good job and good experience. The Fulbright scholarship was only in its second year when he took up the scholarship in 1951 to study for a Masters degree. 35:50 Prior to that Harold and a friend had driven to Sydney picking up jobs along the way. He worked as a miner underground in Kalgoorlie and recounts that experience. He worked in Sydney as a time and motion expert. There he learnt he had won the scholarship. He returned to Perth as his mother had died, before travelling to California by plane—an unusual event in those days—to be met by his uncle who lived in Los Angeles. 42:50 In San Francisco he stayed at International House attached to the University of California where he was registered as William Harold Clough and so he became Bill to everyone in America including his wife. He lived in the International House with other overseas students. He describes their living arrangements including the common dining room where he met students from many different countries including Iran. 46:00 Harold wanted to study economics but the course didn’t yet exist anywhere in the world. The closest was to become an accountant by apprenticeship. Harold enrolled in industrial engineering which didn’t prepare him for being in business for himself. He gained a reputation for giving great parties. He neglected his studies until he discovered he would have to pay for his course if he didn’t gain a 3.5 grade average. With last minute studying, he gained better marks than he had in Australia. He believed the Australian education system was superior to that of the US. 50:04 Australian graduates had better fundamentals, better basics. Harold won a Harold Holt scholarship for five years study to gain a PhD [doctoral degree] but not wanting to be an academic, he turned it down. Instead he took a job with Bechtel Corporation, one of the biggest engineering contractors in the US at the time. He was keen to be in the field but his job was desk bound in the estimating department for the experience. He was told: “The single most important thing in the construction business is to know the costs…you have to be able to measure the quantity of work that’s done for that amount of money.” The experience was vital to learn about accurate costing. Good companies do this well, including Clough Engineering. The present manager at Clough “has taken it to a new level.” 54:24 Harold returned to Australia with his wife [Australian Margaret, née McRae, whose father worked in the Australian Consul General’s office in San Francisco]. His father encouraged Harold to return to work in the family business where he was put him to work as a builder’s labourer on a site in Newcastle Street. He learnt a lot. 57:00 End of the first year the accounts showed they hadn’t made any money despite having plenty of work. His father was very good with figures and was working a scam involving invoicing. Harold was angry, he now had a wife and child to support. They considered returning to the US but the business won a large contract to build a new head office for National Mutual Life Association. At six storeys it would be the biggest building in Perth. The architect, Athol Hobbs, had served with Harold’s father in the war and helped with their bid, despite their different social status. Father and son worked hard on the tender but disagreed on the final price. Harold asked his wife for advice about adding 5,000 pounds to the tender instead of the 10,000 pounds his father wanted. Harold took his wife’s advice and they won the bid. 1:10:50 A condition of being awarded the contract was that Harold would be the manager. He took charge of the cheque book. Harold admits they lacked the experience to tackle a 500,000 pound job, their previous job was 20 or 30,000 pounds. The lowest bid is not always accepted, the architect’s recommendation is important as well. They were successful in the project, helped by employing very good people. Some of those people were still with Clough when Harold retired. 1:15:28 END first interview Interview 2 00:00 Introduction by Anne Yardley 00:40 Post Second World War the government decided the Causeway bridge was becoming overloaded and needed another bridge . The Narrows site was chosen and Main Roads consulted bridge designers in London: Maunsell and Partners were selected and recommended a pre-cast, post tension concrete bridge. Pre-stressed concreted was newly developed. Harold saw this as an opportunity to work with an international contractor and using his Bechtel experience, he applied for and signed a joint venture agreement with Christiani and Nielsen a Danish company who were awarded the contract. 03:50 Clough held 20 percent, their role to provide local information about conditions, regulations. The team became integrated with half Danish, half Australian engineers. The project went relatively smoothly, delays caused by conditions being different from those assumed by the designers: about half way through construction a problem emerged with the northern end of the bridge on reclaimed land with soil extruded sideways as well as down which pushed the piles sideways. Construction was held up while a solution found. 08:00 Harold remained concerned that the top corner of the Y shape column on the downstream side could fail. He still checks it out when driving across the bridge. Harold believes it has performed very well, required little maintenance. 09:30 The bridge was particularly important for Perth as it was the first time a large engineering structure had been built by non-government entity. It set a trend, the government began using more private companies. Now State and Federal public works departments have very small team, most work is done by private companies. 10:30 The bridge contract made a big difference to Clough, previously builders, they now became engineering contractors. The iron ore industry was starting up in WA and for the first time there were large projects requiring major engineering input: railways, power stations. Clough moved more towards engineering and construction, including oil and gas projects, but maintained a building arm at about 10 to 15 per cent of total work volume. 12:30 This was personally a busy time for Harold as he and wife Margaret raised their six children, the first four born in quick succession over five years. In 1970 the family took an extended European holiday. Harold got to know his children better in these six weeks than in previous years. 15:10 His eldest son, Jock, studied engineering and although he didn’t enjoy engineering, he did join the family business. In 2005 a mutual decision was made to sell the business to Murray & Roberts over a three year period , the only remaining connection is with the name Clough. Had Jock maintained an interest in engineering, Clough could have remained a company business although Harold believes it is difficult for family dynasties to be successful. Harold’s only regret in selling the business was the loss of his name. 18:00 The Narrows Bridge project changed Clough but also changed the industry [in WA]. Clough did “some great projects” over the years. By 2005 Clough was working more overseas than in Australia with a great team of engineers. 19:00 In 1998 the decision was made to float the company. By then there were 21 offices worldwide and an annual turnover of 600 million dollars. Harold always had in mind the idea to list although decision making is easier in a non-listed company. When spending other people’s money there are more complicated decisions to make, morally and legally. It’s much easier to expand, to raise money as a public company. Particularly in the construction business, the biggest companies are family companies. Bechtel advised Harold against listing—Harold wonders if he was right. 21:50 The decision was partly governed by changes to taxation legislation. Prior to this bonuses given to staff were considered income and fully taxed but when able to get a credit for tax paid on dividends, being a public company was more attractive. By that time, staff owned 20 per cent of the business through a practice of allocating shares. Harold believes it was the right decision at the right time. 23:45 They had about 80% of the company when it listed and were allocated shares. Harold handed out shares to staff “like Father Christmas—it was great. The company was doing particularly well at the time.” 24:30 Harold comments on his business success: “by far the biggest factor was being able to have people in your team that were as good or better than you were. The strength of a company is the quality of its people. It’s all about people.” Attracting and keeping good people is more about giving people challenges and responsibilities than money; ensuring staff get satisfaction from the work. “Giving them a job they enjoyed doing is much more important than giving them more money.” 26:15 On the decision to sell the company: Jock was Chairman of Clough, Harold was “just” a board member. They had an “unfortunate” contract with Origen, oil company, which resulted in litigation, despite Clough’s doing a good job: “it was soul destroying.” Harold felt he no longer wanted to be in the business. 28:10 Harold felt retirement would shorten his life, he decided to keep busy with the family company, McCrae Investments. He enjoys the diversity of the business. 29:10 On donating to charity: It’s important. Harold says most companies have a charity budget with demands on them 20 times over and they’re all good causes. Harold’s focus has been on UWA. 31:20 Harold lectured briefly at UWA after his return from the United States. Like many he had an aversion to talking in public but an engaged group of students, willing to debate, helped him overcome his public speaking discomfort. 33:15 Harold was conscious that the quality of the company was very dependent on the quality of its staff, he felt that by offering scholarships to engineering students in their last year and then offering a job on completion, the company would attract “the cream of the cream”. Over the years, Clough has offered 149 scholarships, most have remained in touch and are in leading companies worldwide. Scholarships offered money, vocational employment, a mentor in the company and a job when they finished. About 50 per cent stayed employed with them. 36:20 “Looking back on it, I think the scholarship scheme was one of the best things I did in the company.” In choosing recipients, the company was looking for academic success and leadership qualities. Harold discusses Clough Circle dinners and his eldest daughter Sue’s involvement with Scott Neeson program’s in Cambodia [Cambodia Children’s Fund] that selects children from waste dumps, houses and educates them. A potential donor to the fund who had been a Clough scholarship recipient instituted the Circle. Harold feels “very good” that Clough scholars are inspired by the Clough example to contribute to the community. 43:55 On winning awards: Harold has been received numerous awards including: Queen’s Silver Jubilee medal 1977; OBE 1979; Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) 1990; Honorary Doctor of Engineering in 1990 and others. He feels very proud to have been recognised: “It’s something that happens rather than something you work for.” Harold’s a monarchist and recalls the time of titles being awarded. 46:10 Harold credits his work colleagues and clients with giving him the greatest satisfaction in his working life. Projects can be both good and bad. He likes challenges: “If it was too easy, it wouldn’t be nearly as enjoyable.” The harder you work the more luck you have. 49:55 On retirement: “I want to die in the chair”. Work keeps him going. McCrae Investments are very busy. 49:58 ENDS Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8ab18f242a63472cf87f2156b7b3974e.mp3">Clough, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/4bb8621fa321cdad59220271f8f5f72f.mp3">Clough, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/608bea0ec516183e0df3ee080ea0b56e.mp3">Clough, Interview 2, Track 1</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harold Clough interview, 17 June 2014 and 20 June 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Engineering Description An account of the resource Harold Clough AO, OBE, CitWA is a graduate of UWA who went on to become an engineering pioneer and leading businessman. He joined the Clough family company in 1954, serving as Managing Director until 1988, and Chairman of Clough Limited until late 2002. He is the recipient of numerous awards including the Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal, awarded in 1977, Office of the Order of the British Empire in 1979, Officer of the Order of Australia in 1990. He was WA Citizen of the Year in Industry and Commerce in 1983 and won the Australasian Institution of Electrical Engineers James N Kirby Award and the Institution of Engineers Australia, Peter Nicol Russell Memorial Medal in 1993 and the Australian Institute of Company Directors (WA) inaugural gold medal for contributions to engineering, industry and commerce in 1994. Mr Clough received an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Engineering from the University of Western Australia in 1990. Speaking at a UWA graduation ceremony, he was quoted as saying: “Be enterprising, work hard, take a risk. The disappointments and disasters are shattering, but the harder you work the luckier you get. So I think the two things are associated.” Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clough, Harold Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Daryl Williams Location The location of the interview Perth, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 11 minutes, 5 seconds Interview 2: 57 minutes and 52 seconds Interview 3: 49 minutes, 19 seconds Total: 2 hours, 58 minutes, 16 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:41 Daryl Robert Williams. Born 21 August 1942. Educated at Richmond State School, East Fremantle. (1948-1954). Learnt the piano from the age of 5-20. Walked to school often barefoot. Many waterside workers lived in the area and there were few children at school on the day of the Lumpers’ Picnic. Enjoyed school and sport. Very keen at mental arithmetic. Class size in Year 7 was 47 pupils. Head boy in final year at school. Enjoyed making speeches on Parents’ Night that he learned by heart. Sat for a scholarship to Perth Modern School in his final year. Was third in the State. Attended Presbyterian Sunday School 5-14. Became church organist aged 14. Travel to Perth Mod. The school had a high reputation. Boys and girls attended separate classes. The girls’ skirt lengths were inspected each morning. 07:41 The Leaving Certificate was 7 subjects. Also did one term of French and Geography until 3rd Year. Other subjects were English, German, History, Maths A, Maths B, Physics and Chemistry. Impressed by Robert Menzies and began to think about working in Government. The students were very competitive. No P&C Association. Parents invited to school only for the annual Sports Day. School captain in last year. Still friends with the other prefects. One of two students in Perth to gain 7 distinctions in 7 subjects in Leaving Certificate. Three possibilities to study at UWA – mathematics, law or medicine. Felt law would be a better route to getting into government. 15:11 Attended an orientation day. Addressed in Winthrop Hall by Professor Mervyn Austin (partly in Latin). Gained a scholarship to St Georges College. Consulted Warden Josh Reynolds (lectured in History Department). Awarded FW Simpson prize for best leaving certificate that year and also an Exhibition. Rooms in college allocated on basis of seniority. Communal bathrooms. Junior common room, tutors’ common room, impressive dining hall and chapel. Attendance at Matins and evening service not compulsory. Played organ for Matins once a week. Two resident tutors but none in law. Visiting tutor came once a week. First tutor was Alan James Barblett. Formal dinners with gowns. 1st year students initiated by 2nd years. Ponding. 25:51 Raids on other colleges – particularly on Sir Thomas More next door. St Catherine’s college for women was already established (1928). Inter college sports. Cross country run through Kings Park. Played hockey every Saturday at university and also interstate. Met future wife on inter Varsity debating trip to Brisbane. No trips in 2nd or 4th year. 28:42 Law School in prefab building adjacent to Fairway. Two lecture rooms, library and common room for Blackstone Society. Teaching not very satisfactory. Full-time lecturers supplemented by part-time legal practitioners. Frank Beasley’s last year was 1963. Eric Edwards taught evidence and criminal law. Ernest Kingston Braybrook taught torts. Ian McCall taught family law and international law. David Alan taught legal history and equity. Dai Davies taught contract and mercantile law. The part timers included Francis Burt, John Toohey, and John Wickham (Conflict). The part-timers were quite distinguished. The full time teachers deluged the students with suggested reading material. Tutorials were only before exams. Frank Beasley taught Constitutional Law. 34:27 20 units needed to complete the degree: 4 in first year and 2 arts subjects. First year more history of law. Second year to fourth year all law subjects. 5 subjects in 2nd and 3rd year and 6 subjects in final year. Designed to give a broad legal education. Second highest intake in 1960. Some people failed first year. There was no Honours year. You had to be invited to do Honours and had to do a test. DW chose contract. Oral examinations. Law Library. Lectures not recorded. There were lecture notes prepared by students in previous years. Students used notes by Malcolm McCusker and David Malcolm (both of whom graduated in the early sixties.) 44:20 Social life. Female law students. Sports Council and Guild Council. Students went to Steve’s Hotel and the Captain Stirling Hotel. Blackstone Society annual dinner. Lots of women in the Arts faculty. Students socialised at the Refectory in the Hackett Hall building. 49:19 Relationship with other Faculties. Rivalry between law and engineering. Sporting rivalry and raids. Fred Chaney kidnapped and welded to a railway line. Annual tug of war. Elected Secretary of Hockey Club. Became President of Sports Council. The President of the Sports Council was an ex officio member of the Guild Council. Became President of the Guild in 1964. The Guild ran the Guild facilities. 54:44 Being Guild President was a very responsible job. In 1964, commenced Articles, was finishing Arts degree (history and politics), was Guild President. Lived back at home in 1964. While Guild President asked by Vice Chancellor not to mention charges against German lecturer during PROSH. 59:13 Ethics taught as part of Barrister’s Board course. Law Reform Commission established in 1975. Law reform took place through the political process. Not many law reform movements in the early 1960s. It was a stable time. After the Vietnam War things changed. Law students were expected to be dressed neatly and they wore gowns to lectures. 1:02:14 Graduated in 1964. Did Articles for Downing and Downing. Found work experience taught him a lot especially in drafting documents. Supervised by Frank Downing QC. Separate Bar established in 1963 – only 3-4 members. No computers. Very old fashioned photo copier. Recommended to Downing & Downing by a previous Guild President. Applied and was accepted. Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Graduated in April 1964. Applied for Rhodes Scholarship. Candidates had to attend a dinner at Government House and a selection committee chaired by the Governor (at that time Major-General Kendrew ). Left for Oxford in August 1965 for the start of term in September. Did a post-graduate Bachelor of Civil Law degree. Did a preliminary examination after two terms. The course started in the second year. Tutored by Peter Carter. Also some lectures and seminars taken by Professor Rupert Cross and Professor Herbert Hart. The examination involved 3 compulsory subjects and 3 optional subjects. 5 out of the 19 students in the year failed. Different teaching method to UWA - read essays to the tutor and the teaching was generally one on one. The course was an intense study of limited subjects. 06:57 Lived in at Wadham College in the first year. Not as formal as St George’s. Dined in hall – ate gammon steak every week. Second year lived in a flat in town which broadened his horizons. Used college and Bodleian law library. Played some hockey in invitation matches against places such as Rugby School. Didn’t do any rowing but viewed a couple of races and did have a try at punting. Future wife, Judith, came to Oxford to work as a research associate at the Institute of Experimental Psychology in his second year. Only two examinations – the preliminary exam and the final exam at the end of the 3rd term of the second year. There were also oral examinations. 13:30 Left Oxford in about July 1967. Got straight back into doing Articles. Accepted back to Downing & Downing. Had done 18-19 months out of 24 months of required Articles. Was 5 days short of the required time so could not be called to the Bar by the Full Court in the December 1967 sittings. The next sittings were in February 1968. Admitted in Feb 1968. Married Judith in December 1967. Invited to become a junior partner in Downing & Downing on admission. Did court work, conveying, commercial and advisory work. Now there is more specialisation. The degree from Oxford taught him about legal method and analysis. 17:34 During his third year as a partner he was recruited by David Malcolm to take up a position as Counsel for the Asian Development Bank in Manila. Downing & Downing very disappointed. Left in April 1971 and started work on 1 May. Lived in ex pat villages – secured by guards. Judith was not able to work in Manila. About 35 nationalities worked at the ADB. Japan and the US were the biggest contributors. The bank loaned money to developing countries for major infrastructure projects or to create projects. Moved from being a lawyer to an operations officer for the 3rd and 4th years at the Bank 24:55 Left after 4 years but kept in touch with friends they had made in Canada, Switzerland, Finland, the US and Malaysia. Manila was full of people and vehicles. Guards and fire arms was the norm. Travelled on missions every 3-4 weeks for the bank and saw a lot of Asia. 30:09 Decided not to return to Downing & Downing and go up to the Bar [1975]. Took about 18 months to be established. The independent Bar was initially at 525 Hay Street. Later it moved to Law Chambers – this building no longer exists. In November 1992, the Bar moved to Allendale Square. Did not specialise but tended to concentrate on commercial law - contract, town planning and taxation. Had no interest in criminal, family or industrial law. 34:09 Asked to be an examiner in practice & procedure for UWA Law School. Tutored in Trusts and developed a set of tutorial subjects. Lectured in part of the taxation course – stamp duty, Commonwealth Estate Duty, Commonwealth Gift Duty and Estate Probate Duty. All these duties apart from stamp duty were abolished in the late 70s. The staff and the course structure was had changed since the early 60s. 36:43 January 1982, appointed Queen’s Counsel after 7 years at the Bar (aged 39). Queen’s Counsel appointed by the Chief Justice. Expected to be independent and learned enough in the law to take on difficult cases some needing more than one Counsel. Malcolm McCusker appointed on the same day. Difficult cases included representing West Coast Telecasters in a hearing before the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal (1984) to get a third television licence in WA. Another was the Wittenoom Asbestos test case in 1988 which went for 13 months - Heys & Barrow v CSR Limited. 40:54 President of the Law Society of Western Australia in 1984. Elected to the Law Society in about 1980, chaired various committees and was Vice President in about 1983. The President is expected to be spokesperson on every legal issue. They negotiated the purchase of a floor of a building at 68 St Georges Terrace. The premises had been in the old Supreme Court building (now the Sir Francis Burt Law Education Centre and Museum). They subsequently moved several times. The Law Society contributes submissions on legal subjects to government and was a constituent member of the Law Council of Australia and participated in doing the same thing at a Commonwealth level. It ran an education programme for lawyers and social events for members. In the mid-80s, a rift developed between the full-time staff at the Faculty of Law at UWA and the Part-time teachers who were legal practitioners. The part-time staff thought the teaching should focus more on the practice of law rather than the philosophy of a particular subject. 49:49 Was President of the Law Council from 1986-1987 and had previously represented the Law Society on these meetings of Law Societies and Bar Associations of the various States and Territories. Persuaded the executive to meet in Perth on one occasion. From then on, they decided that members must travel to interstate meetings by business class! Unlike the case in Qld, NSW and Vic, solicitors practising in Tas, SA, WA and the NT could represent their client at court. Three of the Bar Associations gave notice that they intended to leave the Law Council. Negotiated to keep them in. Changed Constitution to ensure that a barrister from one of the Bar Associations was always on the Law Council. Interview 3 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:46 Invited to become Director of the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research in 1987. He had been an early board member and was involved in setting up the organisation which at that time was called the Western Australian Institute for Child Health. It is now called ‘Telethon Kids Institute’. Professor Fiona Stanley was the inaugural director. It started off very small and has grown considerably. Extensive research is carried out into childhood diseases. Drafted the Constitution for the Friends of the Institute. Remained as a director when he was elected to Parliament but resigned in March 1996 when he was appointed Attorney-General. 05:46 In the 1970s was active in the Liberal Party and stood for pre-selection for a State seat but was unsuccessful. Later stood in an unwinnable seat and managed to increase the percentage of the vote for the Liberal Party. Did not feel it was appropriate to be active in a political party while being involved in legal politics. Later approached by Peter Shack who was going to retire from the seat of Tangney. D Williams agreed to stand and won the seat. John Hewson, then leader of the Opposition, appointed him as Shadow Attorney-General and Shadow Minister Assisting the Leader in Constitutional Reform before he had even sat in Parliament. When Alexander Downer replaced John Hewson he did not confirm his appointment. John Howard replaced Alexander Downer in 1995 and won office on 11 March 1996. John Howard appointed D Williams as Attorney General and Minister for Justice in the First Howard Ministry. Made a member of Cabinet in October 1997 retaining the position of Attorney General but losing the position of Minister for Justice. Remained in Cabinet until July 2004. For his last 10 months in Cabinet he ceased to be Attorney-General and became Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. 10:47 Alexander Downer had appointed Amanda Vanstone as Shadow Attorney General but she became Minister for Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs under John Howard. The legal profession regard the Attorney-General as being their minister and the courts regard the Attorney-General as being their promoter and protector. Mr Williams does not think the Attorney-General, being a politician, should speak for the judiciary as he is not independent of Government. The Attorney-General has a wide portfolio – he recommends Court appointments to Cabinet. The Federal Magistrate’s Court or Circuit Court was established in this time. The Administrative Appeals Tribunal also falls under this portfolio. The Attorney General is responsible for censorship and co-ordinates the states to ensure there is a uniform system. The Attorney-General is also responsible for the Australian Government Solicitor. In his time it was agreed that government departments could brief private firms to ensure competition. 16:59 National security became a very significant matter and the department grew in response to threats such as 9/11 (September 11 and the Bali Bombings (2002). Some major legislation was drafted. There is a National Security Committee of Cabinet but the opposition is regularly briefed on matters. 21:21 D Williams sought to reform the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission by changing its name and seeking to make Commissioners responsible across the board instead of just in their particular areas. This was not supported in the community. He sees the forming of the Federal Magistrate’s Court as being an important initiative. 23:57 The Attorney-General’s Department has a large staff and he found the quality of his staff to be excellent. The department was located in Barton and Comm cars were used to get to and from Parliament. At first, he stayed with family but it soon became necessary to rent a flat in Kingston. He would leave Canberra for Perth on Thursday or Friday. 29:32 Returning to Perth on the weekend, he would visit his parents and try to play hockey or tennis but had to leave for Canberra again on Sunday. He was the only person in Cabinet from WA although other Ministers came from WA. There was very little lobbying of him by the WA State Liberal Party. The travel to and from Canberra could be arduous. There was very little time to read Cabinet papers in time for the meeting on Monday so John Howard changed the meeting to Tuesday. Members were entitled to have their spouse visit up to about 9 times during the year. Parliament sits late into the evening especially on Monday and Tuesday. Qantas introduced a direct Canberra-Perth flight on Thursday night. 38:34 Members stayed in touch with their respective States and the country as a whole via a news clip service that put together portfolio collections. He visited his electorate office on a Friday or Saturday to sign mail and keep in touch with the staff. He thinks the government system works well as long as there are people with good will. He feels minor party representation make government difficult. 41:27 In about 1996/97 the Republican movement was active. Cabinet decided to hold a Constitutional Convention to discuss the idea of Australia becoming a republic. Unfortunately the Republican side could not agree on a method of electing a President. 44:00 The Attorney-General has to approve positions to be taken in important litigation which enabled him to keep abreast of what was happening in the law. There was also an intensive legislative programme. However, there was no time to read law reports and study law which made it quite challenging. When he returned to work as a QC in 2003, the way that law was practised had changed significantly in 11 years. There was much more focus on technology. There were also a lot more lawyers practising in WA. The type of legal work has widened – i.e. environmental law and planning law. 47:35 He met fellow UWA law graduates when he was practising. There was a 50th reunion of the graduates of 1964 on 31 May 2004. He maintains closer contacts with the people he was at St George’s college with. He hopes to continue to practice law for several more years. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1450645e6128ea23aed042f9928953af.mp3">Williams, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b7326dead7b3a8a4b310c231a055a3ce.mp3">Williams, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/250b78b0681f7f34fbaf340d459b452f.mp3">Williams, Interview 3, Track 1</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Daryl Williams interview, 20 August 2014, 26 August 2014 and 1 September 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Law Description An account of the resource Williams was born in East Fremantle, Western Australia, and was educated at the University of Western Australia and Wadham College, Oxford, where he was a Rhodes Scholar in 1965. In 1968, Williams started work as a barrister. In 1971, he became counsel for the Asian Development Bank. However, four years later, he returned to practising law on his own. He was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1982, and became a Member of the Order of Australia in 1989. Williams continued to practise law until his election to Parliament in 1993. Williams was briefly a member of the Opposition Shadow Ministry in 1994, serving as Shadow Attorney-General and Shadow Minister Assisting the Leader of the Opposition on Constitutional Reform. In 1996, when the Liberals won office, he was appointed to the Cabinet as Attorney-General. He served in this capacity until 2003. Williams was also Minister for Justice for a period in 1996–97. He had also attended the 1998 Constitutional Convention as a parliamentary delegate. After the Liberal ministerial shakeup of 2003, Williams was appointed Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. In April 2004, he announced he would not be contesting the 2004 election. He stood down from the ministry in July 2004. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Williams, Daryl Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History