8 10 85 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Peter Grigg Location The location of the interview Claremont, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 56 minutes, 52 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:50 Track 2 00:00 Peter John Grigg was born on 7 June 1925. He started his schooling at Darlington State School aged 6 and then went to Hale School. He joined the Royal Australian Navy in 1942. Peter’s older brother was an architectural student and he had thought that he could do engineering and work with him but he was killed at Kokoda. Peter’s father was a builder. At the end of the Second World War, Peter returned to Perth Technical College to do his matriculation. He got an Associate in Architecture from Perth Tech and became involved with various committees for the Royal Institute of Architects, especially on the practice committee. Because of this involvement, in 1971 he was invited by Roger Johnson who was the Reader and Acting Head of the School of Architecture at UWA, to become visiting lecturer for professional practice in the Fifth year. 06:00 The head of the school at Perth Technical College was Bill Robbie. The course involved construction, the history of architecture, plumbing, wood working, cabinet making, architecture drawing and drafting. Practical classes were held at Leederville Technical College on brick laying, timber work and painting. It was a very practical approach to architecture. Peter graduated in 1954 and started work at Cameron Chisholm and Nichol. Then he moved to Oldham Boas & Ednie-Brown where he remained for some years. He did commercial and residential work. Peter assisted with the drawings for South Fremantle Power Station. It was a strict brief. Structural engineers were involved in the project as well. The drawings were done manually on tracing paper or on fine linen that was used for drafting. All the drawing was done by hand in the days before computers. 11:23 Studio sessions at UWA consisted of a student being set a problem such as designing a 2 bedroom apartment. In those days sketch plans were submitted for the client’s approval. Peter taught the students professional practice in the 5th year and the law in relation to professional practice and contract drawings. This continued when he was a full-time member of staff. He lectured on the responsibilities of the architect at common law and contract law. Parallel to that, Peter taught second year studio work in simple design programmes. He also lectured in building construction. Margaret Pitt-Morison ran a history course; Peter Bruechle taught introduction to engineering problems associated with building. Plumbing consultants were part-time visiting lecturers. Some of the attitudes from Perth Tech were carried over to WAIT and thence to UWA. The studio teaching method was popular around the world. A lot of students liked to build models. A three dimensional model was used to explain to clients how the building would look. Computer design has now replaced the need for models. 17:03 When Peter came to UWA, Roger Johnson was Head of School. There was no Professor as such because Professor Gordon Stephenson was busy doing other things. The department was located in temporary ex-army buildings near the Sunken Garden. In second year, Peter had approximately 15-20 students; often the majority were females. A few dropped off during the course and had to repeat years. It was a demanding course. The students would do their studio work after hours to complete projects. Each student had a work station and a drawing board. The course did not include a practical component but Peter took his 2nd year students to building sites at weekends to reinforce the lectures. He also took students to Rottnest for sketching and he held an art week at York where they did clay modelling, painting and live drawing classes to develop their artistic skills. 23:21 UWA had a number of visiting lecturers as they had a limited staff ratio and budget. The visitors could take subjects that the staff did not have the skill to teach. Peter did not attend staff meetings until he became full-time. John White came from WAIT. Roger Johnson was Gordon Stephenson’s planning assistant in the plan for UWA. Cal Green was a general lecturer. Derek Carruthers brought his expertise in acoustics to the school and headed up building science. Geoff Roy was the computer whizz. Peter did a sabbatical year in Britain and visited offices that were using computers. 27:18 When Peter was teaching at UWA the only architectural courses in Perth were run by WAIT and UWA. When the School of Architecture at UWA started in 1968, it was agreed that they would accept Fourth Year students from WAIT. Peter thought both courses were equally good. David Stanton from WAIT published some good works and Peter consulted with him on issues to do with course work. The courses were similar. Town Planning was not a strongly developed unit at UWA despite the interest of Professor Gordon Stephenson. It would have been covered in the course on professional practice. Planning legislation would have been taught in 5th year. Landscape architecture was taught part-time by the university landscape architect. Roger Johnson devised the colour scheme for the UWA buildings being cream and orange. 33:13 A visiting lecturer who came from Denmark espoused that buildings could claim the site or merge with the site. The students were taught “good mannered” architecture – i.e. to be sensitive to the streetscape. In the days before exhaust fans, designing buildings was quite tricky due to regulations regarding ventilation and light. Designing a building to take account of sunshade and shade was also taught. 39:17 Students sometimes had to work on joint projects. The studio situation took over the role of the tutorial and students got one to one attention. Peter did not enjoy setting exam papers. Most of the students got jobs. They did not necessarily have to become architects but could use the expertise they had learnt to take them into different areas. 43:25 Visiting scholars arrived on a fairly regular basis. Some of the UWA students did a semester in Denmark which exposed them to European architecture. A lecturer from Denmark also visited and taught studio work. The students all wanted to travel to Europe. Some Perth Tech students went to work in London straight after graduating. Architecture trends were taught in architectural history. John White, Ralph Drexel and Cal Green would have all been involved with this. 46:55 Architectural schools in Australia would be inspected each cycle (perhaps every 3-5 years) and the inspectors had to approve the course. The courses did not change much over the 13 years that Peter was teaching. The introduction of computers and building science were the biggest changes. The School was moved to its present location after Peter retired in 1985. 50:12 The School of Architecture was quite self-sufficient although Peter did mix socially with Martin Webb from Geography and Reg Moir from Agriculture. There was no inter-faculty engagement except perhaps with Engineering. Some of the students did extra units in courses outside of Architecture. Peter really enjoyed teaching his students. He often invited them to lunch and showed them the house that he had built in the final year he was at Perth Technical College. It was located at Mosman Park and had a northern exposure and sunlight control. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d6314a4b343e77f2578ec2d5bc39c7fa.mp3">Grigg, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/3870eb1116ed9b4f39c556dd103fd43e.mp3">Grigg, Interview 1, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peter Grigg interview, 31 October 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Architecture Description An account of the resource Peter Grigg studied architecture at Perth Technical College. He graduated with an Associate in Architecture in 1954. After graduating, he worked in private practice for Cameron Chisholm & Nichol and later, Oldham Boas & Ednie-Brown. During this period he was involved with the design drawings for South Fremantle Power Station. In 1971, he was invited by Roger Johnson, Reader at the School of Architecture at UWA to lecture part-time. He became a full-time lecturer at UWA in 1975 and taught Professional Practice at the School of Architecture until his retirement in 1985. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grigg, Peter Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Peter Handford Location The location of the interview Nedlands, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 21 minutes, 35 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 29 minutes, 59 seconds Total: 2 hours, 51 minutes, 34 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1: Thursday 6 December 2012 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Track 2 00:00 Peter Robert Handford. Winthrop Professor, Law School, UWA. Born Birmingham 29 October 1946. 00:16 Took 11 plus and went to Grammar School. Offered a place at King Edwards School aged 13. Direct grant school – equivalent to Perth Modern School. There from September 1960 to July 1965. 01:59 Went to Birmingham University to read law. Graduated in 1968. 02:52 1968 graduated with LLB. Formed intention to get an academic job. Applied for and got a place at Cambridge for a postgraduate degree. Did 1 year of course work and 1 year of research 03:56 At the end of 1970 took a position as a lecturer at Leicester University. Thesis turned into PhD and graduated in 1975. 04:36 English degree is normally 3 years and is a straight law degree. Did more working and studying alone. Clear difference between academic and professional stage. Attend a college of law to be a solicitor followed by articles. Academic and professional stages in Australia are not so separated. Also more common in England for students to go to university away from their home town. 07:39 Studied at Trinity Hall in Cambridge. Very good reputation. Got Thomas Waraker Law Postgraduate Scholarship. 08:15 Got a job at Leicester University which was a small university with a new law school (started in 1966). Now a very big and very successful law school. Twelve staff. There from 1970-1978. Then left to come to UWA. 09:28 Leicester University was one of 30 law schools. Oxford, Cambridge, London at the top. Warwick was another new law school. A lot of polytechnics that had law courses were upgraded to universities. This made 80-90 law schools. The old established law schools from the 1970s and 1980 are better regarded. 11:29 Track 3 00:00 Entitled to a term of study leave after 6 years at Leicester University (1976-77). Peter elected to take the summer term off and join a university in Australia or NZ. Also had an offer from University of Auckland. 02:27 Attracted to WA and knew it was developing and had a good cricket team. 03:04 Accepted UWA offer to teach for 6 months. Arrived in March 1977. Married with 2 children. Family arrived a few weeks later. 04:35 Looked after by Professor Douglas Payne. Watched the conclusion of the Centenary Test match at his home. Got some vacation time in between that enable him to tour the Eastern States. 06:00 Originally came for 6 months but he and his family enjoyed Perth. A job was on offered and he applied for it and was offered it without an interview. Returned to England in October 1977 and emigrated in June 1978. By now Peter had 3 children. He was able to teach the second term of July 1978. 08:09 When Peter was on study leave he stayed in a town house at Kingswood College. When they came back in 1978 the family stayed in a university house in Caporn Street. Then they rented a house for 6 months from Peter Johnston while he was on study leave. They bought a house in Hardy Street, Nedlands and then moved to Wembley. Nedlands was too expensive for an academic salary. 10:47 The Tuart Club loaned them some furniture and equipment on both occasions. 12:42 First impressions of UWA. Bright and beautiful. Winthrop Hall was like a cathedral. Leicester University was smaller and not so spectacular. 1960s buildings. UWA Law School going since 1928 – more solidly established and more akin to University of Birmingham. 15:30 The campus made a definite impression plus positive impressions of Perth. Like being on holiday. Loaned a car and were able to tour around. 16:21 Track 4 00:00 UWA Law School in 1977/78. Quota of 110 students a year. 4 year course. Birmingham had 100 students in Peter’s graduation year and UWA had 40. 02:03 Located opposite Arts Building. Law Link was not there and the open space was where students played cricket. Economics and Commerce moved out 2-3 years ago and Law spread into their space. 03:13 19 staff members. 4 support staff. The student common room is now the Moot Hall. Law lecture theatre has been realigned and tiered. Staff Library is now a tutorial room and the staff library is in the Law Link Building. 05:12 The Law Library an integral part of the Law School. In Leicester it was part of the general library. The library has been extended outwards toward the Oak Lawn. 06:23 Dean was Professor Eric Edwards taught Criminal Law and Evidence. Taught the American way. Prof Douglas Payne had come out from England in 1963 to take over from Professor Beasley. He was Dean until 1970 until unseated. There were not 3-5 year appointments in those days. 09:12 Two Associate Professors. Richard Harding later became full professor and Dean in 1981. Francis Auburn came in 1978. Retired in about 2000. 10:34 6 senior lecturers. Louis Proksch, Neville Crago. Louis was Dean 1981-1984. Two Englishmen. About half were English trained. 11:56 Not so hard to transfer between England and Australia. Australian law founded on English law. Constitutional law is different. 12:44 Frank Rixon taught tax and company law. A hard marker. Anthony Dickey taught jurisprudence and then became expert in family law. Peter Johnston taught constitutional law and also practised. Robert French a graduate who has had a distinguished career. Les Stein taught planning law. 15:06 A number of other lecturers were Derek Chantler (commercial); Stephen Owen-Conway; Val McAuliffe (nee Kerruish) (jurisprudence and conflict of laws). Peter Handford replaced her when on study leave. First female academic appointed to law school. Bill Ford (originally law school librarian); Dean from 2001-2011. Tony Wilson temporary lecturer taught property. Liza Newby was a tutor (criminology). Picked Peter up from the airport. 18:08 There had tutors on temporary appointments. Andrew Alston and Stan Jacobsen had been replaced when Peter returned permanently by Jeremy Allanson and Robin Tapper. 18:40 Librarians in the law library. The situation of Bill Ford. 20:27 Track 5 00:00 The structure of the law degree in 1977-78. Explanation of articles. 03:40 Big change in education in WA in 1970. Restricted practice introduced after admission. 04:55 Discussion of American system. UWA law school took over exams. Practice and procedure. Commercial practice. 07:24 This system changed in 1990. Joint degrees. 09:10 New system from 2013 will be the JD. 10:24 Subjects studied in the law degree. Full units and half units. Optional units. 11:58 Discussion of semesterisation 13:11 Teaching methods – lectures and tutorials. Impact of increased students. Need to go to venues outside the law school for lectures. 14:31 The practical element of the law course. Drafting documents. Many teachers are legal practitioners who come in and teach part time. 15:09 Vacation clerkships. Time poor to take advantage of study and university life generally. 16:33 Track 6 00:00 The students. Mix of matured aged people. President of Blackstone Society, Stephen Smith, now Minister of Defence. Unlike England where students scattered to the four winds. In Perth, you bump into ex-students on the Terrace. 03:02 Male/female mix. Not so great a number of female students in the 1970s. Mary Ann Yeats. Famous graduates were Christine Wheeler, Carmel McLure. In the 1990s female students eclipsed male students. 05:22 Attempts by UWA to get more mix in student intake. Dux scheme and Aboriginal bridging course. 06:59 Traditional rivalry with the Engineering faculty going back for generations. 07:57 Blackstone Society. Dinners. 08:54 R U Barking – pub crawl. The event no longer takes place. 10:34 Guild Council – Robert French, Jim McGinty. Daryl Williams was Guild President. 11:30 PROSH – seems to happen away from the Law School. 12:18 Sport. Alan Barblett – Olympic hockey. Rebecca French. 13:34 Time and financial pressure means activities outside study are less common. 1960s & 1970s the Golden Years of being a student. 15:07 Class times. Classes generally between 8am and 6pm. LLM classes held at weekends or in the evening or intensively. There are repeat lectures and several different class times on a subject during the day. 16:45 Track 7 00:00 Conclusion 00:15 Interview 2: Thursday 13 December 2012 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Track 2 00:00 The period from July 1978 to May 1983. Full time member of the staff of the Law School. Anthony Dickey elected Dean in 1979. 3 way contest for this position at this time. Anthony Dickey wanted to appoint a Sub Dean who had a particular responsibility for students. Before the Dean had done everything. PRH was the first Sub Dean from January 1979 to 1982. 03:13 Duties to deal with student queries of all sorts; exams; admissions; advising the Barristers’ Board. Law School advised on overseas qualifications. 04:22 After a couple of years an office was created for the Sub Dean. 05:52 PRH taught many subjects filling in for other people. In 1980 he was teaching 5 different subjects. He also did research and published papers. 05:23 Attempted to gain promotion from lecturer to senior lecturer. Had to be at the university for 3 years. The Dean and Professor Payne advised him to apply for promotion a year earlier but he was rejected (Due to the 3 year rule). Rule 2 meant that he was unable to apply for another 2 years. He duly reapplied in 1981 and was rejected as it was felt that he had not done enough to show progress since the original application in 1979. 08:12 PRH then stepped down as Sub Dean in order to do more researching and writing. An alternative job came up as Executive Officer of the Law Reform Commission of Western Australia 08:55 PRH had applied for and was offered a job here in 1979 as Research Officer but this would have meant that he could not return to the UK in 1981 (when he had planned to return and do study leave). 09:52 He was interviewed on Christmas Eve 1982 and was offered the job. PRH had to work out 6 months’ notice. The new Dean Richard Harding allowed PRH to do part time teaching in order to take up this position after the first term. 11:19 As from May 1983 PRH left UWA for the Law Reform Commission. 11:33 In 1981 PRH was entitled to 6 months study leave after three years working at UWA and returned to the University of Leicester. It was like going back to his old life. He also did some part time teaching. The family travelled back on the eve of the Royal wedding (29 July 1981). One of the coldest winters on record. Encouraged the family to return to Perth for good in May 1983. 14:23 Track 3 00:00 May 1983 to February 1998 – Law Reform Commission (15 years) 01:40 Did not lose connection with Law School as he continued to teach. He finished teaching Legal Process in 1983 and he was asked to continue and did so for 15 years until he gave this up in 2007. From time to time, he was asked to do other teaching for the Law School such as Comparative Law, Conflict of Laws and Torts. He retained a room at the Law School as a part time teacher. Present at the Law School for 2-3 hours a week. 04:06 This had advantages to both work places. He also visited schools on behalf of the Law Reform Commission. 05:15 1980s was a productive time for Law Reform. From 1990 it became more difficult. There were a number of reviews and the Commission was under budgetary scrutiny and positions were gradually cut back. Four legal positions were lost. 05:55 In 1998 PRH returned to UWA. 06:09 Track 4 00:00 Returned to the full time staff of the University in 1998. The 1990s were difficult years at the Law Reform Commission. 00:41 1992-1995 good relations with Cheryl Edwardes – an ex student. 1993-1995 PRH also became a member of the Commission. 01:28 At the end of 1995, there was a Cabinet reshuffle and Peter Foss was appointed Attorney-General. He did not support the Law Reform Commission. He refused to renew the appointments of PRH and Carmel McClure who were due for reappointment at the end of 1995. 03:27 Three new members were then appointed - Wayne Martin, Ralph Simmonds, Robert Cock. They had a plan for reorganising the Commission and contracting out the work, shedding staff and dismantling the library. 04:12 This was a difficult period. From the middle of 1997 they were taking the Commission down and trying to find jobs for the staff. The highest up the totem pole was PJH and it was made clear to him that there was no comparable position for him in the public service. He applied for various academic positions interstate and overseas. 05:48 By the end of 1989/early 1990 he had a 25% fractional appointment at UWA. Before this he was paid casual rates. The current Dean, Ian Campbell, offered to turn this into a full time position. PRH returned as a full time member of staff at the UWA Law School in February 1998. 06:49 It was a seamless transition after the trauma of disbanding the LRC. 08:15 He came back as a senior lecturer. Ironically a word in the ear of the Dean in 1989 gave him promotion to at the stroke of a pen. 09:24 During his time at the LRC he had continued research and writing. He wrote a book with Nicholas Mullany on nervous shock. It was published in 1993. 10:49 This was done in a time before email and internet and drafts were handwritten. Things have changed a lot in 20 years. 11:10 This academic track record helped him to get back to UWA and to gain promotion to Associate Professor in 1999 and 5 years later (2004) to Professor. 11:58 He carried on teaching Legal Process and Torts. Has been back at the Law School for 15 years and is about to go fractional again as he winds down towards retirement. 12:47 There had been changes to the structure and syllabus of the degree. There had been changes made in 1990 to enable joint degrees. Murdoch Law School had opened. This system is about to change in 2013. 15:17 Move to semester length subjects. 16:16 Greater emphasis on exams – now an exam at the end of each semester rather than just at the end of the year. Also more emphasis on non-exam assessment. 18:50 The new course structure is also based on units lasting for a semester. Starting in 2012 every student does an undergraduate degree – BA, BSc, BComm, Bachelor of Design and Bachelor of Philosophy. Anything leading to a professional degree is now studied at postgraduate level. 20:36 Teaching methods had also changed. Ian Campbell the Dean in 1996 wanted more emphasis on small group teaching. Blueprint. 7 new appointments in order to run this program. 21:54 This indirectly led the Law School into financial difficulties. Bill Ford, the next Dean had to sort out the budgetary problems which he did very well. 22:32 The emphasis on small group teaching was to improve the educational experience. Torts are taught this way and sometimes Legal Process. It is two way teaching rather than an overblown tutorial. It works well but it is expensive. 24:36 Track 5 00:00 Syllabus had remained the same from 1990 to present. Administrative Law and Corporations Law that were once optional are now compulsory. This is due to the Priestley 11. Commercial practice is not part of the Priestley 11 but due to the fact that in the 1970s the Law School agreed to teach more practical subjects. 01:39 Some new compulsory areas will be introduced into the new JD such as Remedies, Legal Theory and Dispute Resolution. (Ethics is already a compulsory unit). UWA feels that these are essential subjects. 02:29 In 1998 there were more optional units such as Intellectual Property, Environmental Law, Corporate Finance and International Trade Law. 03:13 The LLM programme had been introduced since JRH was at UWA in the early 1980s. THE LLM is taught intensively at weekends or during a week. Centres of Expertise include mining energy and natural resources law and criminal justice. 04:47 The market for Taxation as a specialist subject has now disappeared. 04:58 Other changes included the way students study due to technological developments. The Law Library is excellent but now many of these resources can be found online. There is a wider selection of journals available now due to online resources. 07:20 Searching the sources can be done in hours rather than days. 07:50 Emails mean that it is easier to keep in touch but this can also be a burden. A lot course material is on the internet and each course has its own website. No printed material is given out to students any more. 08:37 UWA Law School has no virtual classrooms as yet. Lecturers are recorded. They can be shown in business centres at regional centres. Discussion groups and bulletin boards can take place online. 09:55 Some universities market online degrees. UWA prefers to have face to face contact with the students. 10:45 UWA is trying to increase places in colleges and accommodation near the University to provide a 24/7 university experience. 11:33 Fewer students attend lectures now as they can listen to lectures online. Staff discuss the pros and cons of this. The university is very keen to record lecture to help students who cannot attend but they don’t want this to take the place of contact on campus. 12:30 Attendance records are not always taken so it is hard to know who is attending but some classes are marked for turning up and participating. The best solution is to make the lectures so interesting that the students are keen to attend in person. 13:45 Track 6 00:00 Several units don’t have exams at all. Assessment is by means of class participation; take home exercise or research essays instead. When PRH arrived at UWA in 1977 he was struck by the fact that assessment was much more flexible than in the UK. 01:52 Exams in the Law School are anonymous. The rest of the university does not do this. It works very well in the Law School. 02:33 As more students are part time there is more demand for units to be completed over a longer period. Sometimes they want to defer units to go on exchange. Now students have to pass a certain number of subjects in the degree course however long it takes. There is much more flexibility now. 05:09 Exams have to be taken in one, or two rooms, altogether. There is great pressure on venues as all faculties have more students – including law. Special consideration can be given to students who have a clash due to other courses. 06:32 The results are sent to the students electronically. No longer are results posted on board exposed to public view. Staff don’t get a pass list so they often don’t know all the results for the students they teach. 09:10 The other law schools in Perth operate in a similar fashion. From 2013 there will be 5th law school when Curtin opens. Murdoch started in 1990 and then Notre Dame (1997) and then Edith Cowan. All of the others will be running law at undergraduate level. It will be interesting to see how the competition pans out. They accept lower ATAR scores than UWA. 11:56 There has been a great change in supply and demand for lawyers over the years. In 1977, UWA was the only law school and operated a quota system of 110 so as not to over supply graduates for the legal profession. 90% of graduates used to get admitted to practice. 13:47 When it was found that UWA graduates were getting job, the quota expanded. In the 1990s, there was actually a shortage of lawyers. 14:36 The situation has now turned around. Once Curtin comes online there could be 800 graduates and there will not be jobs for them all. Competition for jobs is very fierce. Articles are dropping away as they cannot all get positions. 16:06 Luckily a law degree can give you a good grounding. Graduates can become diplomats or join a corporation as an in-house lawyer, work as a journalist or an administrator, etc. etc. 16:52 Track 7 00:00 Full Professor since 2004. Used to only have 3 professors. Had a spell as higher degrees coordinator from 2001-2007. 01:11 Study leave in 2008. Gave up teaching Legal Process. Became Deputy Dean around 2005 or 2006. Bill Ford was the Dean, Richard Bartlett was Deputy Dean but then went part time. 02:35 From 2007 Bill Ford asked PRH to work on curriculum changes to move towards the JD degree. Peter Creighton had been responsible for this but it was not implemented when UWA began to move in the same sort of direction. 04:10 In 2007 or 2008 Peter Creighton left and PRH was asked to take over the implementation of the new course. The fact that he was Deputy Dean dovetailed into this new role. A Committee was appointed to assist PRH about 2 years ago and they are now in the final stages of finalising the new curriculum with the introduction of the Juris Doctor in 2013. 05:35 PRH then also became Associate Dean of Teaching and Learning. This role deals with curriculum issues generally, student problems and exams. Every faculty has to have a number of people that mirror the way that the university is structured. Law is one of the smallest faculties, so has fewer people to do the jobs but still has to provide staff to do them. 06:41 In addition to the Associate Dean of Students there is an Associate Dean of Teaching and Learning. It is expected that the Associate Dean of Teaching and Learning sits on the University Committee and becomes part of that structure. 07:03 There is also an Associate Dean of Research who spearheads research at the Law School and also sits on the university committee. 07:21 The higher degrees coordinator deals with students doing PhDs and other research degrees. Similarly they also sit on the university higher degrees committee. 07:48 This new system is partially a response to the increasing number of students and partially because of the university’s new and more elaborate administrative structure. 08:15 PRH handed Associate Dean of Teaching and Learning to Mark Israel who was appointed a Professor at the UWA Law School in 2010 but maintained responsibility for curriculum reform. 09:02 In 2012 new undergraduate units were introduced. Law & Society was taught as part of the BA and Business Law as part of the BComm. 09:28 All the curriculum development including Masters degrees were part of PJH’s responsibility until this year (2012). 10:02 PRH has indicated that from 2013 he will be going to factional teaching 0.4. The new Dean from 2011 was Stuart Kaye and PRH was Deputy Dean for the first year or so. Stuart has a different sort of person in mind for Deputy Dean in the hope that the functions previously carried out by the Dean, will now become the role of the Sub Dean (such as organisational teaching which PRH did). The Deputy Dean will be a much more full-time position and consequently only a half time teaching load. 11:10 In September 2012, PRH will no longer be Deputy Dean and will then go to part-time teaching – about 3 hours a week. 11:39 Track 7 Deans at the UWA Law School The official list on the plaque includes two periods when there was an Acting Dean 00:00 1928-1963 Frank Beasley 1964 Eric Edwards 1964-1970 Douglas Payne 1971-1975 Eric Edwards 1975-1976 Ian McCall 1976-1978 Eric Edwards 1979-1981 Anthony Dickey 1982-1983 Richard Harding 1984-1986 Louis Proksch 1987-1989 Jim O’Donovan 1990-1992 Stan Hotop 1993-1995 John Phillips 1996-2000 Ian Campbell 2001-2011 Bill Ford 2011- Stuart Kaye 01:56 Track 8 00:00 00:23 Conclusion Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b24ce0fccb88b566197b1fc206b3d3de.mp3">Handford, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f4cfb3ed1670e0cbf4ff3c0542faec83.mp3">Handford, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f208ac563f4b5db09f5284336dff7822.mp3">Handford, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/936a4559bc7f74379dc651f7c2a200f4.mp3">Handford, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/da218921781f96bbc059ec461cd03e4c.mp3">Handford, Interview 1, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/76726ea6de64c1c7b27a3be0be712324.mp3">Handford, Interview 1, Track 6</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/77edef9f41a736bc74f6c793f6b86cd0.mp3">Handford, Interview 1, Track 7</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/28dfe8955bea9465c812cc5e37fc9593.mp3">Handford, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/dc2213d8412cfc322b7149dbd5ca57d7.mp3">Handford, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/aec0d70dea9897a68a72931fe06381cf.mp3">Handford, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/9f1239b86030d3ef2895eaec3eb143bb.mp3">Handford, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/caf4a3bcc8c4610821d196061f2828f6.mp3">Handford, Interview 2, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5f2ff67df40f99ffbf18d4ba7057d0c6.mp3">Handford, Interview 2, Track 6</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b1f63b687ce751987649209c39b06170.mp3">Handford, Interview 2, Track 7</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5fa6b17cf4bb691019258b8a6fbfd866.mp3">Handford, Interview 2, Track 8</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/014aeaa16dc138d90c99c06afbf6b186.mp3">Handford, Interview 2, Track 9</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peter Handford interview, 6 December 2012 and 13 December 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Law Description An account of the resource This is an interview with Winthrop Professor Peter Handford. After education at Birmingham and Cambridge, and a teaching appointment at the University of Leicester, Peter Handford joined the University of Western Australia in 1977. Between 1983 and 1998 he worked for the W.A. Law Reform Commission while retaining a part-time position at UWA. In 1998 he returned to the UWA Law School where he has held various positions, including Sub-Dean, Deputy Dean, and Associate Dean for Teaching and Learning. He has been heavily involved in curriculum reform in the Law School, culminating in the introduction of the Juris Doctor degree in 2013. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Handford, Peter Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Peter Norgard Location The location of the interview Subiaco, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 33 minutes, 28 seconds Interview 2: 50 minutes, 14 seconds Total: 1 hour, 23 minutes, 42 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1: Wednesday 12 June 2013 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:37 Track 2 00:00 1958 – Peter is aged 17. Applies for job at UWA. Had junior certificate. Was employed by Telematic Developments – worked on inter communication and recording devices. 01:28 Saw advertisement for lab assistant in Department of Engineering. Called in for interview. A queue of about 10 people waiting to be interviewed. Interviewed by Reader, Keith Taplin. 02:40 Behind him was a large clock. Clunked every 30 seconds. It was a Master Clock. 03:30 Handed to Mr Howard Bundell who took him around the labs. In the workshop he was asked to use a brand new drill to drill a hole in brass. Peter passed the test as he asked to blunt the drill. 04:52 Duly offered the job, had a compulsory X-ray to show he was TB free. Started the job just after Easter in 1958 05:18 Track 3 00:00 Original department of engineering was near Shenton House and the dairy was used to house a compressor. Civil, Mechanical and Electrical engineering were all together and housed in buildings that had been used by the US army in the second world war to house the Catalina flying boats. 01:19 Peter’s job was to put out the lab equipment. Lectures were in the morning and labs in the afternoon. The labs used machines that were once used in industry. 02:20 The DC machines came from the Collie coal mines. They were full of coal dust. 02:51 Afternoon tea was taken in the lab and staff and students sat down together while Peter made preparations for the next part of the lab experiments. 03:21 The DC current which was used to power the machines was a generator which came from the Waroona milk factory. They donated it to the university went they went over to AC current. Peter believes the generator is still housed in the basement of the new department of electrical engineering near Fairway. 03:04 Track 4 00:00 Peter was treated very well by staff and students. Being the young apprentice he had the menial jobs and tricks played on him 01:04 In his previous job Peter worked at various jobs around town and was not treated that way. People thought it was a ‘black art’. It was a dramatic change to work at UWA where the students were the same age as him. He even knew some of them. 01:41 He joined the Engineers Club and initiated along with all the other first year engineers. 02:02 A wonderful atmosphere – no distinct divide between staff and students. Small student numbers: 9-13. 02:42 The first female electrical engineering students would have joined in the mid-70s. There was no barrier, it just didn’t happen. Women have proved very good at design work. 03:40 The female staff was mainly clerical and administrative. In the 1970s, female lecturing academics joined 04:09 The department has grown hugely. Peter knew about valves and then the semi-conductor was brought into production (a transistor). It rocked his knowledge to the foundations 05:15 The university degree course was more academic but in the early days the practical side was stressed. Students had to spend 3 months of their final year in industry. 06:28 Engineering students had to know a little bit about civil, mechanical and electrical in order to be able to work with each other. Today there are much more specialised. The recent mining boom has put a lot more emphasis on practical skills again. 07:31 Track 5 00:00 Peter had to work for other departments. They would pool equipment or machinery. One of Peter’s early jobs was to do the amplification in halls and lecture theatres which didn’t have built in sound systems. 00:54 Peter had to lower down high quality RCA microphones through the ceiling of Winthrop Hall to record symphony concerts. 01:31 It also included functions all over the university inside and outside. There was a sound shell at the Somerville Auditorium. Peter had to climb up the very tall pine trees to put up directional microphones or loud speakers 02:43 George Munns the groundsman was in charge of the grounds and did not appreciate Peter driving his Morris Minor full of sound equipment over his pristine lawns. 03:33 There are still sand buckets in the roof of the old Chemistry Building to put out incendiary bombs during WW2. They were also in the top of Winthrop Hall. 04:20 The new Arts Building had its own built in sound system. From the 1970s there was no need to take equipment into the lecture theatres to record sound. 05:33 Peter was asked to set up the sound for when PM Menzies delivered a talk in the old Ref Building at the official opening. Peter recorded the audio for the UWA archives. At the finish of the lecture the Commonwealth Police confiscated the tape to check it was all bona fide. 07:10 Track 6 00:00 Peter also recorded the occasion of the Royal Visit on 25 March 1963 in Winthrop Hall. Security was all vetted before the visit, including background checks on Peter himself. 01:43 Peter was concentrating so hard on making sure that the quality of the audio was good, that he does not remember the content of the Queen’s speech! 02:37 Another occasion was a graduation ceremony in Winthrop Hall. Sir Alex Reid was addressing the gathering. He kept moving the mike to one side of the lectern. Keith Taplin insisted that Peter walk down the aisle in the middle of the ceremony and move the microphone. He had to do this three times during the ceremony! 04:08 The tapes were large 12 inch studio quality reels. The tapes came from Atkins Carlyle who was the representatives for Phillips. The microphones were American – Shaw Brothers. The RCA microphone was like a sausage and was suspended from the ceiling at Winthrop Hall. 06:13 Track 7 00:00 The department used to put on exhibitions to the public and prospective students. The engineering exhibition was a big affair and they tried to have a spectacle and a theme. One year Peter made a large Tesla coil 6 feet x 18 inches. He got to draw out a large electrical arc. 02:14 Children were given 30 watt fluorescent tubes to carry around. These lit up as they approached the tesla coil. 02:40 Later in the evening, a PMG detection van turned up because the tesla coil was causing chaos to the television reception in Nedlands! 03:10 Interview 2: Wednesday 26 June 2013 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:40 Track 2 00:00 Interaction with students. Initiation into Engineering in the old Broadway Picture Theatre 01:08 Socials held in Winthrop Hall – before the organ was installed. The Engineers Ball was held here each year. Also graduation ceremonies. 02:49 The Undercroft was used for bbqs and social gatherings. At one stage it was not enclosed. 03:20 The intake of overseas students caused a shift in culture, food styles and social activities. 04:00 No liquor outlets on campus. Alcohol was banned from the campus but the students managed to get around this! 04:30 Pranks in graduation ceremony when sheep were driven in. Students made ghostly noises through the glass in Winthrop Hall. 06:09 Cacti garden in Engineering Garden turned into “Cacti Nicotini” garden. 07:28 Stolen road roller caused damage and ended up crashed into the Reflection Pool. 08:22 Rivalry between engineers and lawyers. The tug of war. 11:00 The bath tub race on the Swan River was very popular but upset the Swan River Trust when bath tubs sank in the river. 13:26 PROSH is another student tradition. It used to take the form of a parade through Perth. 15:09 The medical students took materials from Robbs Jetty and threw that around. The Engineering truck threw water melons. Peter rode an eccentric wheeled bicycle. One time a medical student hit Peter on his German helmet with a cow bone and knocked him out. 19:28 Track 3 00:00 The rural aspect of the campus. It was smaller. Many buildings from WW2. Sheep kept in an enclosure near Shenton House. Along Fairway there was bush and cows. The groundsmen had a stable for their work horse. Rabbits were a huge problem. 03:12 One of Peter’s jobs was to set non-lethal possum traps. They would be released but would find their way back. 03:56 In later years the peacocks were introduced. They would fly around campus and interrupt ceremonies with their loud calls. 05:11 The Engineering building took over most of the bush between James Oval and Fairway. Demand for electricity on campus meant that a substation had to be built on campus. 06:00 Gradually the campus became built up and the bushland disappeared. 06:30 There were workshops situated on the southern end of campus – carpenters, electricians, plumbers, painters, and a sign writer. The university used to be able to maintain itself. 09:27 Track 4 00:00 Research included trying to solve problems such as global warming and pollution and solution such as electric powered motor vehicles, solar cells and wind turbines. 02:42 UWA helped the Museum of WA with their 1910 Brougham electric motor vehicle 03:41 An experimental electric motor was also fitted on a mini van especially with regard to improving the efficiency of acceleration and braking. This project was led by Dr Leary in the mid-1970s. 04:45 These experiments are continuing today with a Lotus sports car 05:59 The department has done experimentation with solar cells that were on the roof to test for efficiency. This project was led by John Livingstone. 06:46 Vertical wind turbines were another project. They were made in the workshops and installed at the switch yard terminals at Ballajura. It was later moved to Buckland Hill and was there until the tail end of a cyclone destroyed it. The horizontal wind turbine has proved to be a better design. 09:31 Track 5 00:00 When Peter first came to UWA the department were working on a project to design and build a computer to assist with the simulation of distribution of power in the south west. Howard Bundell and Duncan Steven christened it TAC (Transformer Analogue Computer). The three banks of equipment were as big as a bedroom wardrobe. 02:22 Vacuum tubes were used then semi-conductors. Then printed circuits made possible the reduction in size of electronic equipment. Lasers became very useful in nearly every field. 03:29 Calculators were very simplistic in the early days. The first electronic calculator could only display 3 digits at a time. 04:45 Robotic machinery has become very useful now. All these technological changes have taken place since Peter started work at UWA. 05:35 UWA had a lot of interaction with universities in Australia and around the world. For a small university it has a good reputation in this field. 07:08 Track 6 00:00 Retirement in 2007. The retirement booklet with photos of all the staff many holding banners saying “Happy Retirement”. James Wong in the computer section did the cartoons. 02:10 Feels very lucky to have spent his life at UWA. He thought of leaving for a better job with more money several times but the work, the people and the environment at UWA were too good to leave. Towards the end, bureaucracy was starting to creep in and this was a little bit frustrating. 03:25 It was a very social department at times. Peter considers Yianni Attikouzel to have been a very good head of department. 05:11 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/33b0f8136cd5333d71799bd07db40bd7.mp3">Norgard, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/68bfb800285a4102a3e2a1697ac45d9f.mp3">Norgard, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b25145d5428664de7097aad7e6d41c09.mp3">Norgard, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c80d053d35a1ea702cd84c167f6848b4.mp3">Norgard, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/97d346c6b0a3f275dedb356a9bb12a58.mp3">Norgard, Interview 1, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/da865b42acd3e4ab3b8b64963eab8198.mp3">Norgard, Interview 1, Track 6</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8a5d094a931b7a6341398cd4f065b17f.mp3">Norgard, Interview 1, Track 7</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/136fbec2e91208d8ac39f38015577e2e.mp3">Norgard, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/937ceea5ab333f571e97a7145ec48656.mp3">Norgard, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b452634556b34ef93840392de4de1343.mp3">Norgard, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e3a12bd9e2cdd6d322fced5bf26a768a.mp3">Norgard, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f4285b8bdfd04e64eadaf0440f316ce9.mp3">Norgard, Interview 2, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0566798eb9744440605fe13b70a1d042.mp3">Norgard, Interview 2, Track 6</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peter Norgard interview, 12 June 2013 and 26 June 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Electrical Engineering Description An account of the resource This is an interview with Peter Norgard, recorded on 12 and 26 June 2013. Peter Norgard worked as a Technical Officer in Electrical Engineering from 1958 to 2007. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norgard, Peter Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8f64a27b6b841b92616074adc34c1a6f.mp3 033da91763a3647a7cb2bfa3db4e2489 https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/70e0da085f150d0007f03727b254993b.mp3 b92390794eb829fa41927b6a54edf233 https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/7031ea9626554fd7e518924d8ce5a1c0.mp3 02352c32a481120f45f5c5d2d7064440 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Philip Silberstein Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 48 minutes, 58 seconds Interview 2: 54minutes, 10 seconds Interview 3: 38 minutes, 15 seconds Total: 2 hours, 20 minutes, 23 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00:00 Origins and family background leading up to career. Philip Silberstein grew up in Vienna. Born in 1920. Czechoslovakia, Hitler, England and education. Being tri lingual. Tertiary education and Australia. Leaving Europe and coming to live in Melbourne in February 1939. Junior lab assistant at the Aeronautical Research Labs. Division of forest products and substitute materials for aeroplanes. Melbourne, Aeronautical Research Labs. 00:04:40 Engineer in aeronautics at Melbourne University. Mr Arthur Weilds*. Suggestions of career path and mathematics. Engineer, mathematics 00:06:05 Memories of family background. Father was a pathologist. Animal experiments and teaching at the university. Memories of the laboratory and medicine. Memories of living in Vienna and the Czeck republic. And early education. Parents background. Family, parents 00:13:33 Fondest memories in Europe. Coming out of Europe as a result of the war. Austria was in absolute turmoil. Coming to Australia and the new world. Did we find Australia very primitive. Coming out on a boat. Academics coming back to Melbourne university. Memories of Black Friday bushfires. Landing at Fremantle. Smelling the gum trees. The little village of Perth WA. Dry grass and Norfolk island pines. Childhood, family, Europe, Australia 00:23:15 Career path and coming to UWA. Memories of the art gallery. Impressions. Early years in Australia. A different standard of living. Becoming stateless as a result of the war. Aliens reporting to the police. Career, university of Western Australia 00:29:49 Graduation in 1944 and classified a technical officer and research officer. CSIRO scholarship and years in Cambridge. Exciting time and subject matter. Mathematical problems and equations for the vibration mountings for the Mustang bomber. Functional analysis Bryn Smithies*. Graduation, CSIRO, Scholarship, Cambridge 00:35:50 Research student at Bryn Smithies had an encyclopaedic knowledge. Acceptance of the thesis and functional analysis. Working Melbourne and the Theory of Elasticity. Working on defence and dept of supply. Americans and secret information for CSIRO. Thesis, Theory of Elasticity, CSIRO 00:40:05 Rocket analysis and aeronautical work. Arthur Weilds* and engineering work. Technical analysis. Arthur Weilds*, technical analysis 00:44:18 Aeronautics. Consulting lab and radio telescope. Research and administrative nonsense and coming to Western Australia. Track 2 00:00:00 Encouraged by Dr Leavy* and Larry Blakers to University of Western Australia. Coming to conferences at UWA. UWA was growing and looking for staff. Getting away from previous areas of study. Initial impressions of UWA. University housing settlement of people with similar interest. Academic community. Seeing UWA being run. Dr. Leavy, Blakers, growing, University housing settlement 00:03:56 Memories of Sir Stanley Prescott. Running university colleges and the university board and the senate. University funding was state based. Federal government funding. Money into capital works. Non fee paying institution. WA and readjustment of fee structures. Prescott allows university to function without administered bureaucracy. Sir Stanley Prescott, bureaucracy, federal government, funding 00:08:14 Problems with bureaucracy. Numbers of full time students. The Bursars Office and investments. The famous Number Two account. Investments secure and profit. Problems with administration. Justify use of virgin bush. Staff and the running of the university. Buying and selling a house and The Bank of NSW and UWA. Story of the house. Staff members and house deposits. Administration, staff, students, investments 00:15:52 Interest in governance of the university. Department relationship with the Vice Chancellor. Blakers and Leavy* and Silberstein visit Prescott. Connections between the faculty and the Professorial Board and The Senate. Redrafting of the Convocation Statute. Blakers, Leavy, Prescott, Redrafting of the Convocation Statute 00:18:15 The senate wanted to change its constitution. Long process and thought for change. Academic and staff and student tension. Balance of the senate. Elected members and ex-officiate members. The Vice Chancellor and the Director General of Education. Government nominate members. 6 members of Convocation and the 18 member senate. Constitution, members 00:21:45 Committees made up of academic staff and admin staff. The Senate would have access to advice from outside The Senate. Convocation was cut down to 4 members as a compromise. Observation of the running of Convocation. Blakers insists to be on Convocation. The donation of prizes. Examiners meeting Convocation, members, Blakers 00:25:15 Introduction to Convocation. Two levels of being on Convocation. People pay subscription every year. Trips and tours around the world. Extracurricular activities. Becoming more involved in Convocation by Bert Priest and Henry Schafer*. Personal views of what Convoctation should espouse. Unrealistic aspirations. Bert Priest, Henry Schafer* 00:29:00 Secretarial staff of Convocation are paid by university. Cost of administration and independence. Furnishing the Irwin Street building. Staff, Convocation, administration, independence 00:30:40 Problems seen. Convocation loses power. Elected members of staff take no notice of Convocation. Academic status and person views to put UWA on the right track. Members of The Senate do not want to attend meeting of the council. Problems, power, council, members, Convocation 00:33:50 Warden of Convocation was not a member of The Senate. The Guild President and The Senate. Losing two seats. The Senate and Convocation and money. Prizes turn into medals. Financial Support of research students. Award ceremonies. Increasing the stature of Convocation. Convocation, money, prize, The Guild, financial support 00:37:44 The prime movers and shakers of Convocation. Kit Gray* and Dorothy Ransom. Dorothy outlives most of the members of Convocation. friends of the library. The old university and other universities. Prime movers, Kit Wray, Dorothy Ransom 00:40:40 Friends of music and the music society. Dorothy was a long supporter of the friends of the Library. Writing the history of Convocation. The Irwin street committee and the dubious venture. Sentimental attachment to that building. Replacing the Cricket Pavilion. The old Dolphin Theatre and the Engineering lab. Music Society, Dolphin Theatre, cricket pavilion, Irwin St Committee 00:44:47 Success of the Dolphin Theatre and student control. Irwin street building and student presence. Moving the temporary building. Mark Harland* the architect. Involved with furnishing and window treatment. Irwin St Building, Mark Harland*, fundraising 00:48:50 Heritage architect complain about the building. Heritage of the building is stretched and enormous cost. The Tuart Club. Staffing the building. Envisaging extended activities of Convocation. Tuart Club, staffing, heritage 00:52:50 Funding of staffing and paying off ex secretarial employee. Funding, staffing Track 3 00:00:00 Problems that have arisen from lack of funding. Fundraising by the alumni. Convocation prize. Cash value of prize devalues. Change of tempo and attracting funds. Volunteer bodies around the university. Completion for limited funding source. Coordination of fundraisers. Donations and tax free funds. Bursars office and uni administration. Problems, funding, donations, administration 00:05:20 Social event and fundraising events. Cost of functions. 50 year reunions. Successful occasions and archives. Functions and overseas trips have been phased out. Academic backgrounds are valuable. Invited to tours. Social event, tours, reunions 00:09:45 Keeping convocation alive. Scholarships and sources of travel funding. Kingsley Dickson and tissue cultures. Verbal report and functions. Kingsley serves on the standing committee. Student that benefits that gives back. Kingsley Dickson, student benefits 00:12:50 Committees and voluntary involvements. Friends of The Festival. Convocation initiated friends of the university library and other initiatives. Dr Austen* and Dr James. Enthusiasm wanes. Attracting more members. Pauline Tremlett. Benefitting and collaborating from fundraising activities. Committees, Pauline Tremlett, enthusiasm, Dr Austen, Dr James 00:17:16 Exchanging information. Arranging to collate information about meetings. And a diary of events. Administrative. Pauline Tremlett. Pauline Tremlett, events 00:19:40 The role of convocation and the Dawkins minister for education. The Tertiary Education Scheme. Vice Chancellor Bob Smith. Expressing concerns. Instructions on high. Politicians and assurances. Influencing education policy. The only way con can be effective. Quality of the members and warden. Susan Baker working for CSIRO impresses the Senate. Susan Baker, CSIRO, Dawkins, Tertiary Education Scheme, Bob Smith, politicians 00:25:17 Committee and convocation having a significant effect. Affect on fundraising. The impact of convocation. Higher profile of convocation. Involvement with particular groups. Importance of sport. The Sport Award. John Invervarity. Convocation has some status. Committee, fundraising, sport award 00:28:45 Convocation role has been extended. Convocation at Murdoch declared defunct. Convocation at UWA is there for keeps. The tradition of UWA will keep Convocation alive. Being seen as a benefactor. Summing up time on Convocation. Redrafting the constitution. Two elected members and the Warden. Tradition, redrafting the constitution, Murdoch 00:33:28 Getting to the Senate through the registrar. Time wasted in making progress. University and the computerisation of records. Software needed and the production of programme. Describing the body of graduates and the reputation of the university. A first rate university and the quality of graduates. Looking after the body – Convocation. Computerisation, reputation, Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8f64a27b6b841b92616074adc34c1a6f.mp3">Silberstein_Philip, Interview, Track 1</a><br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/70e0da085f150d0007f03727b254993b.mp3">Silberstein_Philip, Interview, Track 2</a><br /><a href="%20%20%20%207031ea9626554fd7e518924d8ce5a1c0.mp3">Silberstein_Philip, Interview, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Philip Silberstein interview, 24 August 2011 and 20 September 2011 Subject The topic of the resource Engineering, mathematics Description An account of the resource Josef Philipp Otto (“Phil”) Silberstein was born in Vienna on 5 July 1920. In February 1939, at the age of 18, he left Europe to live in Melbourne. In 1966 he joined the University of Western Australia, eventually becoming Emeritus Professor of Mathematics. Together with his wife Judith Silberstein, who was involved with Tuart Club, they founded Friends of the UWA Library in 1963 in their role with Convocation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Silberstein, Philip Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Reginald Appleyard Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 43 minutes, 25 seconds Interview 2: 32 minutes, 25 seconds Interview 3: 43 minutes, 49 seconds Interview 4: 33 minutes, 23 seconds Total: 2 hours, 33 minutes, 2 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 Born in Claremont in 1937. Family background in Victoria. Father’s army experience. Brother Jim was killed in action in WWII. Sister Betty. Intensions to join the ministry. Memories of the merchant navy and Liverpool. 00:07:40 Interest in the world. The effect of WWII. Merchant navy influence of future and career. Memories of schooling. Swanbourne and Fremantle boys. Serious thoughts of a career. UWA honours degree. Rockefeller foundation fund. UWA from 1950-4. Elders Smith’s office boy. 00:11:50 Initial impressions of UWA. Memories of economic department at UWA. Arnold Cook and Alec Kerr. 00:14:14 Memories of years of the merchant navy. Memories of Liverpool. Seeing the world Japan Panama canal. Memories of a Deck Boy. Memories of the Philippines. A damaged world directs career. Singapore and Europe in early recovery post WWII. 0018:35 Aims to help facilitate world recovery. Interest in joining the UN. Decisions to be independent. Going to UWA honours degree in economics. Interest in economics. The Rockefeller foundation and duke university. Memories of UWA. 0021:50 Sound sense of community. Memories of Alec Kerr. Arnold Cook. Inspired to work. Spending quality time of learning at UWA. Interaction and other subjects in a social science degree. 00:27:35 Encouraged to go to Duke University. Working with Spengler. The importance of the university and Joseph Spengler and economic demographer. Memories of Duke University. Wife Iris. 00:30:30 Coming back to the Australian National University department of demography. Interviewing students for a longitudinal study of British migrants and Greek migrants. Concerns of the British migrants. Migrants return. 00:35:00 Memories of ANU. Conclusions work into later career 1968. Ian Bowen* head of department. Chair of Economic History. Obtaining the new chair of Economic history. 00:38:00 The new economics building by the James oval. Memories of Sir Stanley Prescott. Prescott lays down the guidelines. Aims of the new chair of Economic History. Theoretical, historical and dimensional issues of measurement. Round understanding of economics. People involved in issues related to their interests. Economic history as a part of a trilogy. Impressions of the changed university on return in 1968. The change to the department of economics. Interview 2 00:00:00 Development of economics history. Internationalisation development of department. Attracting people to the university. Japanese studies. Professor Ghosh, Gabbay and Siddique. 00:03:00 Advertising in Asia. Understanding the UWA was different from other universities. Ron Ghosh took on a significant role at the University. Universities around Australia look at Economics department at UWA. Asian influence. The popularity of UWA for Asia. 00:07:25 Support from within the university. Travel. Seeing UWA on a global scale. Meeting people from around the world. Involved in connections with the Economic department and local business. State government and interest from big business. BHP, Wesfarmers and Woodside. Connections and involvements with business. 00:11:00 Key involvements and interest with Asia. Japanese Studies unit. The developing of a Japanese room and garden. Will facilitate Japanese Studies and learning. Development of the garden. 00:15:05 00:18:08 Memories in involvement in the International Organisation for Migration. UWA changes and unique developments compared to the eastern states. UWA deemed to be different. Fly Out Fly In Professor. Consulting with the United Nations. 00:21:50 Visitations to the UN and international involvements and conferences. Broadening of understanding of migration and emigration. 00:24:50 Developing concepts. 1981 conference in Bangkok. The way in which analysis can be used. Taking on the role of department head. Building up the department. Members of staff happy for Reg to remain in the position. 00:28:30 Memories of Professor Siddique. international flavours and the economic department develops a community within the University. International travel. The impressions of the unique development of the department. Interview 3 00:00:00 Perceptions of UWA. The departments collaborate. Theoretical and direct connections. Economic Department strongly connected to developments. The erosion of the university club. 00:04:55 Economic department and self development. Internatoinisation and the international student. Growth of the international student at UWA. A plan to encourage international connections. The Fly in Fly out Professor. Realisation of developments and the ripple effect. 00:08:55 Connections with the vice chancellor. Committee meetings with sir Stanley Prescott. Important relevant issues for the growth of UWA. Limited contact with vice chancellors over 25 years. Contributions from other chancellors. 00:14:10 Allan Robson view of the university. 1982 third Asian pacific population conference. Population and ESCAP region and flows of migrant people. Lack of data and composition of workers. Strategies devised. Importance of attendance at conferences. Benefits for UWA. 00:19:09 Bureaucratisation and limitation of the development of the university. Economic development of island states in the Indian ocean. Commos and Mauritius. The Seychelles and the Maldives. 1986 conference was held in Perth. 00:25:00 The importance of the conference to the development of department of economics and the University.. Competition grows in Perth impacts of UWA. Curtin and UWA. Interaction between campuses. 00:28:45 Centre of migration studies conference in 1987. Impact in general on countries of migration. Grants obtained and the difficulty of obtaining funding. 00:30:40 Funding and the lack of money. Unpaid extracurricular activities. Intensions to develop the department on own bat. 00:33:20 Conference in Rome and trends in international migration in the 1990 and beyond. migration and asylum. International population and global movement. 00:37:50 UWA’s expansion and connections. 00:40:10 Gabbay and Ghosh touch upon the contributions brought from overseas. The beginning of the process of migration from Asia. Limit in size and the growth of students. New business school. The growth in student and staff numbers. World rankings and the university’s place. Interview 4 00:00:00 Impressions of the ranking system. Evolution of the university. Impressions of the role of the academic. Running the organisation. Research, teaching, travel and overseas contacts. 00:03:50 Academic life dominated by management and administration. The economic and non-economic factors in the dynamics of international migration. Interrelations to other topics and departments. 00:07:29 International migration in a changing world. Development factors in WA and migration. Seeing the future of migration to the future of WA. Issues of people smugglers and asylum 00:13:45 Myths and realities of migration. The passion and process of writing. The history of Trayning. 00:17:35 Member of the Scientific advisory board Lagos Nigeria. Collaboration. Foundation chair of advisory council CURTIN business school. Committee to review regional development commissions act. Busy in retirement. 00:21:40 Order of Australia medal 1999. Only one Appleyard in the Who’s who. Awarded the Hellenism award. Honorary life trustee of economic development in Australia. Acting director graduate school of management. Director centre for migration and development studies. 00:25:30 Views of the economic department at UWA today. Aspirations of rankings. UWA today. Significance of the department. Strength to become as good as possible. Technologies minimise isolation. 00:28:50 Seeing the university moving forward. Evidence of moving up the ladder of continued improvement. The US Asia centre. Leadership and focus in other parts of the world. 00:31:50 Sir Winthrop Hackett and his understanding of education. Thoughts of Sir Stanley Prescott’s opinions of the University of WA. Seeing the university in very good shape. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/ccf1b28c1530f20f227071b0489122e4.mp3">Appleyard, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/3384906c5ffa7487fcff0a71ac8d0558.mp3">Appleyard, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8dea8224e5c2f542ccf5870da1e647d4.mp3">Appleyard, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/27052ff95d6ce1bb8136d340ae03da18.mp3">Appleyard, Interview 1, Track 4</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Reginald Appleyard interview, 13 December 2013, 2 January 2014, 8 January 2014 and 14 January 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Economics Description An account of the resource Emeritus Professor Reginald Appleyard was born in Western Australia in 1937. After leaving school he worked as an office boy before joining the Merchant Navy. During this experience he witnessed a world in a state of reconstruction post World War II. This would direct his future life as an economic demographer. On returning to Perth he enrolled as a mature age student at UWA where he obtained first class honours in economics. He went on to study at Duke University before coming back to Australia to work at the Australian National University. He came to head the chair of Economic History at the University of Western Australia in 1968. He was quickly made head of the Department of Economics, a position he held until his retirement in 1992. During the interview he talks of his impressions of University of Western Australia and his efforts to direct the economics department into an international department. He speaks of the importance of Asia and his desire to establish strong academic links with Australia’s neighbours. He travelled extensively as a part of his career and has been dubbed the Fly Out Fly In Professor. Professor Appleyard is an author and editor of many books and over 100 articles and reports, his main field of study is economic demography, and his specialty is international migration. He talks of his extensive research and writing and views on international migration. Throughout the interview Professor Appleyard reflects on the development of the isolated University of Western Australia in a changing world. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appleyard, Reginald Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Richard Harding Location The location of the interview Claremont, WA Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 7 minutes, 13 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 19 minutes, 1 second Total: 2 hours, 26 minutes, 14 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:00:40 00:00:52 Richard Harding was born in the Bristol area just before World War Two. He studied law at University College London and obtained a scholarship to Columbia University in New York where he obtained a Masters’ degree. Invited to become an Assistant Lecturer at University College London where he taught for nearly 4 years. Invited to apply to UWA Law School by Douglas Payne, the then Dean of the Law School. Richard arrived in Western Australia on 3 February 1965. 00:05:05 The university put him up at the Captain Stirling Hotel for a couple of weeks before he moved to a flat in South Perth. UWA had been in the news in the UK due through the Benn murder case in 1964. Richard’s contract was for 2 years but soon had no thoughts of returning to the UK because the university provided a supportive, friendly and collegial environment. He got to know a wide cross section of people across the whole university both professional and non-professional. Within days of his arrival, he was sampling the delights of the Festival of Perth. At that time, the UWA Law School was highly regarded by the judiciary and the profession – much more so than had been the case in London. 00:10:39 Richard was teaching Conflict of Law within 3 weeks of his arrival. This subject had a very strong Australian Constitutional law overlay. Richard put together the student Case Book which was the 600-700 page textbook for the course. He realised Australian law was different to English law. 00:15:13 A week after his arrival, the Law Summer School was held. Many luminaries in the profession attended such as Sir John Kerr, Sir Zelman Cowan and Sir Geoffrey Saw. This made Richard feel that he was in touch with what was going on both in WA and further afield. Within 6 months of his arrival, he attended a very important Commonwealth Law conference in Sydney and met the criminologist Gordon Hawkins who sparked his interest in this field. The Law School was located in dongas behind Geography. At that time the Law School only had 7 full-time teachers and relied on part time visiting teachers from the professional including Sir Francis Burt, John Toohey and Sir Ronald Wilson. Douglas Payne wanted to professionalise the teaching staff but did not want to marginalise the legal profession from the Law School. 00:24:00 Professor Douglas Payne persuaded the university to commit to a new building and moved into the new Law School, designed by Gus Ferguson, in about 1967 or 1968. The old premises could not cope with the increase in the student body and teaching staff. The main university campus was concentrated around Winthrop Hall. University House was located near the present Octagon Theatre. Everyone went here to socialise. Richard was secretary of University House in the late 1960s. He was also secretary of the Staff Association. In about 1972 he was elected as a staff representative to the Senate and was a non-professorial representative on the Professorial Board. He was deeply involved in university life. 00:28:27 Each Faculty controlled some research funding. Richard was granted some money from the Law School in about 1967 to research the use of lethal force by police. This led him down the path of further studies into human rights, criminal law and human justice issues. Richard was living in a university house in Myers Street, Nedlands in 1966 when a policeman shot a young man dead nearby. Penguin published his book, Police Killings in Australia, in 1970. It caused some controversy. Richard continued to study this aspect of the law for the next 5 years. In 1971, he researched the use of police lethal force while on study leave at the University of Chicago and did a similar study with students in Toronto. Later, he studied fire arms in the Australian community and the events at Port Arthur in 1996. 00:33:43 The University trusted the heads of department to use seed money wisely. Richard doesn’t think he would have had access to this sort of funding in the UK. Richard suffered some personal attacks from certain people in the police force but he was supported by his friends in academia. Richard was not teaching criminal law at this stage. He taught industrial or labour law. This was a new course. The future Attorney-General of Western Australia, Joe Berinson, was one of his pupils. In the early years, Richard was younger than many of his students. The Law School attempted to keep up with changes in society with these new courses. 00:40:14 Richard was very close to his first groups of students. He had a holiday on Rottnest with his future wife and some students. He still attends the annual reunion of the first class he taught. Three female students out of a class of 26 graduated in his first year. Law is now female-dominated. Richard was part of the Arts Discussion Group (a dining club) at University House. Dining club members included the librarian, Leonard Jolley, a mathematician, a geographer, a geologist, a psychologist, a historian, people from the English department and occasionally a scientist. The group met monthly for an evening meal. Richard lectured in the Arts Department. The Staff Association was active. Later the Credit Union was set up. Management were involved with the life of the university. 00:45:38 Richard played squash with university people at Kings Park Squash Club. Richard’s social life changed after he was married to Alison and had children. The married staff set up a University Babysitting Club where time was traded for a babysitter but no money changed hands. 00:49:08 Several people at the Law School came from the UK. Richard recruited a former student from London to teach contract law. He also interviewed Anthony Dickey on behalf of the Dean. The staff made the system work for them. Today it is a different world. Other faculties did similar things. It was a pragmatic way to deal with the problems of a developing university but the top positions were open to a genuine contest. 00:55:30 Richard came on a two year contract but felt comfortable in Perth and soon found that there were opportunities here. After he met his future wife, it became clear that he was going to stay in Perth. The study leave or sabbatical leave arrangements were important to him. Sabbatical leave was not so readily available in the UK. In 1970, he went to Bristol University and then to Chicago. By now, he was launched on a public career path. He was elected on to the Law Reform Commission of WA in 1962 or 1963 working with David Malcolm who later became Chief Justice. In 1975, he was involved with the Australian Law Reform Commission. Justice Michael Kirby was Chair. Later that year, he went onto the board of the Australian Broadcasting Commission. It suited his interest in public administration. 00:59:36 Eric Edwards, the Dean of the Law School, asked Richard to put together a public lecture series to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the UWA Law School in 1977 . Invited speakers included John Toohey, Billy Snedden and Bob Hawke. Sir Lawrence Jackson, the Chief Justice and then Chancellor of the University supported the celebrations. The Law School had changed - there were more staff and students but the teaching method was still lectures and tutorials. The criminal law book produced as a text by Eric Edwards was used around Australia in the “Code” States, i.e. Queensland, Tasmania and WA (as opposed to the common law States of Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia). Mining law was being taught by about the mid-1970s. 01:04:21 Murdoch Law School was opened in the about 1975. It was mooted as to whether UWA wished to have a presence in the southern suburbs but it was agreed that a separate institution should be set up. 01:07:13 END OF INTERVIEW 1 Interview 2 00:00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:00:45 Richard was made a full Professor in 1981. He had developed new courses at UWA and applied for the position of Associate Professor in 1973 based on his research and publications and was successful. He had built a profile inside and outside of UWA. In 1979 he published Outside Interference: The Politics of Australian Broadcasting. By this time he was involved in policy relating to gun control and use. He led a research project on gun ownership in WA funded by monies from the UWA Law Faculty. Then he applied for a national grant from the Criminology Research Council and did a national survey on gun ownership. Senator Lionel Murphy the Attorney-General was very supportive. This led to the publication by UWA Press in 1981 of his book entitled Firearms and Violence in Australian Life: An Examination of Gun Ownership and Use in Australia. It was a pivotal book on this topic. In 1981, Richard convened the first national fire arms conference that took place at UWA, the Australian Institute of Criminology in Canberra and the Sydney Institute of Criminology. 00:08:06 Some on the Senate felt he was not closely enough in contact with the legal profession but he had support in other areas. At that time, he believes he was one of two professors at the Law School. He taught some criminology and the law school was slowly moving to encompass subjects hitherto not considered part and parcel of a law degree. 00:11:59 Anthony Dickey was Dean from 1979 to 1981. He was a good administrator and people person. Richard became Dean in 1982 and worked with the legal profession to acquire grants for visiting scholars, lecture series and prizes. An entrepreneur who was going to fund the Chair in Mining Law was unfortunately arrested before this was made official. Mining law is now a speciality of the UWA Law School. 00:15:13 In 1983, there was a Federal election and Bob Hawke became Prime Minister. The founding director of the Australian Institute of Criminology had resigned and the new government opened up the applications again. Richard applied for this position and was accepted. His application was bolstered by the fact that he had recently presented the John Barry Memorial Lecture in Melbourne on gun control. He resigned from the Dean’s position after only two years in the job. He took unpaid leave from UWA. The new job was interesting and stimulating and opened many doors plus he became deeply involved with the United Nations. Unfortunately his family didn’t settle in Canberra and he returned to teaching at UWA in 1988. 00:20:58 When he returned to UWA, he negotiated with the State Attorney-General and the Premier to set up a crime research centre to organise all the data from the different government agencies and to be able to examine whether public policy was working. They received a capital grant from the State and set up at UWA to produce meaningful crime statistics. Using the data they could do also pursue specific research projects such as Aboriginal contact with the criminal justice system. The Crime Research Centre started work in early 1988 and ceased to operate 26 years later in late 2014. It was a successful and enjoyable centre and Richard remained head until 2000. 00:26:56 Richard had also retained his international links. In the 1980s, he did some consultancy work with the United Nations on criminal justice policy. In 1985, he attended the Seventh UN Congress relating to crime prevention and control in Milan. He was involved with two important conventions one being the Beijing rules on the Administration of Juvenile Justice and the Charter of Victims’ Rights. Richard was able to bring some of this experience into his teaching at the Law School and to bring visiting people to the Law School. He helped to develop a unit in Corporate Crime as part of the LLM (Master of Laws). By now, second degrees fine tuning professional skills were desirable and necessary. Later a Masters of Criminal Justice was developed in the Law School comprising 14 units. 00:31:11 Universities started to realise the benefits of being known for their research. Up until now, the UWA Law School had not really understood the importance of research. The Crime Research was doing the bulk of the research. The Centre forged ties with Mathematics and Computing and developed a computerised system to analyse data. A huge safe was purchased to store the data tapes. The Australian Bureau of Statistics was not at first much interested in crime statistics. This has since changed. At that time there was no overall picture of criminal behaviour across Australia. The Crime Research Centre at UWA took a couple of years to organise the criminal stats from WA. Then they began to do crime mapping. They published an analysis of road rage in a Swedish journal long before it got talked about. 00:44:56 The Centre employed many different experts to analyse the data. Data was also analysed to research domestic violence. Some of the law students used the Centre for their PhD studies. In hindsight, they should have had more of these. The Centre also taught a course in the Arts department that was very successful. Alcohol and drugs have been a factor in crime research for a long time. 00:49:06 When Richard left as director of the Crime Research Centre at UWA in 2000 a new director took over. Richard felt that their support base from the external agencies was not so strong after he left. The data collection dropped off a bit and the Centre’s relevance was diminished. UWA tightened up on all their research centres and attempted to control their autonomy and their funding. In Richard’s day, agreements were made with a handshake. From about 2000 onwards, UWA began to charge the research centres large fees. Good staff left for other opportunities. The Law School was going through its own changes and did not fully understand the value of a research centre. Earlier Deans had understood that the Centre was getting competitive ARC research grants and that the prestige would reflect on them as well. It was claimed that the Centre was bankrupt and it was terminated. Nowadays there is nobody organising the crime statistics for Western Australia - let alone collect and integrate them. 00:56:44 Richard became Inspector of Custodial Services in 2000 and served for 8 years. In 1997, he published Private Prisons and Public Accountability. He advised the State Government on private prisons. 01:02:41 Richard negotiated academic leave as part of his contract with Custodial Services in order to keep up with developments and do some teaching at UWA. He used his leave to work at Keele University and twice at Cambridge University. By now, he was an Emeritus Professor at UWA and teaching the criminal justice course which he taught every second year over an 11 year period. UWA is now in a corporate phase which reflects trends across Australia. 01:07:24 When he took on the job as Inspector of Custodial Services, Richard resigned from UWA but retained links with the university which meant that it was quite seamless for him to return. Richard prefers to teach in a traditional manner and see his students face-to-face. 01:09:28 In 2012, Richard went to the Free University of Amsterdam where the National Crime Research Institute is based. He became involved with the Association for the Prevention of Torture before he left Custodial Services in 2008. He did consultancy work in Britain with a group that was running private prisons; for the Australian Human Rights Commission and other Australian government groups. 01:14:45 Australia has tended to view the northern European countries and particularly Holland as being world leaders in area of prison rehabilitation. Universities can be the link in bringing innovative ideas to the attention of government. 01:19:01 END OF INTERVIEW 2 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/fa36128612da935c90987b1996dab643.mp3">Harding, Interview, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/900a96d7c323ef301c17bf5dd9eed3e3.mp3">Harding, Interview, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/2752227262273a3a6673e0851976d56b.mp3">Harding, Interview, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard Harding interview, 1 April 2015 and 8 April 2015 Subject The topic of the resource Law Description An account of the resource Emeritus Professor Richard Harding came to the UWA Law School as a Senior Lecturer in 1965 from University College London. He was made Associate Professor in 1973, Professor in 1981 and was Dean of the Law School from 1982 to 1983. Richard became interested in criminal law and has researched and written widely in the areas of law, criminology and penology. He was appointed Director at the Australian Institute of Criminology in Canberra where he was based from 1984 to 1987. From 1988-2000 he founded and was the Director of the Crime Research Centre within the Law School at the University of WA. From 2000-2008 he was Inspector of Custodial Services for Western Australia. Since vacating this position, he has been extensively involved in academic and consultancy work. He is currently Emeritus Professor at the Law School of Western Australia and has been assisting the university to develop a more effective presence in the area of Law and Public Policy. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Harding, Richard Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Anne Yardley Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Maria Rie Heymans Location The location of the interview Jolimont, WA Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 11 minutes Interview 2: 58 minutes Total: 2 hours, 9 minutes Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 0:00 Introduction by Anne Yardley 00:30 Rie was born in The Hague, Netherlands in 1932 and has one sister. She grew up during the difficult war years: despite being hungry all the time , the girls sometimes found excitment with no school and the freedom to wander the streets for days on end, playing and salvaging wood for fires. Often cooked potato peelings formed the evening meal, it was especially difficult for her mother. Rie believes the experience toughened her up for later life: “I can’t really explain it—it made me vehemently anti-war—always have been. I was marching against the Vietnam War…. I didn’t want other kids to go through that because it was terrifying.” 04:25 Rie has little recollection of returning to school post war but does remember it felt strange. At high school she loved languages and history and wanted to become a lawyer. Rie’s father didn’t believe in education for girls and she had to work very hard just to be allowed to finish school. As a child of divorced parents, she was discriminated against when applying for jobs, despite having excellent school results. She did eventually take an office job: “it wasn’t what I wanted to do, it was just a job.” 09:15 Rie met her future husband David through friendship with his sister in the Girl Guides, which she disliked: “I hated camping with a passion.” He lived in New Guinea for two years and on his return they decided to marry and migrate. Quotas were full for the United States and Canada: “because everyone wanted to leave. Europe was in ruins.” In 1953, they chose Queensland but Rie’s severe onboard sickness convinced them to leave the ship at Fremantle. In hindsight, Rie believes her sickness was due to stress. She was frightened of the move. Fortunately, the WA coastline from Gages Road looked inviting. 14:15 Through a Dutch clergyman on the wharf, they found unappealing accommodation in Beaconsfield: crowded and very basic. Rie describes their first days in Perth and job hunting. They found work in at the Walpole guest house. The landscape, recently burnt, was “ghastly”. The work was tough, long hours and hard work. David was clearing land and milking cows. 18:30 On early feelings about moving to Perth: “I wish I never had, I was lonely, people were unpleasant and rude. Australians didn’t welcome migrants in the 1950s.” David studied interior design at TAFE and met David Foulkes Taylor and was invited to work with him. With no galleries in Perth at that time, David Foulkes Taylor showed artists, such as Robert Juniper and Guy Grey Smith, in his showroom. Rie and David met local artists where they were welcomed. 21:40 Introduction to this community was very important for Rie’s future career: they developed an interest and knowledge in art. Rie visited New York at the invitation of friends. She visited galleries and went to the theatre: “my eyes were out on stalks.” She found work at the Australian Consulate and studied the history of art at the Pratt Institute of Fine Art in Brooklyn. She would like to have stayed but David didn’t want to move. 25:15 Rie was terrified about running an art gallery, but David pursued the idea and rented the Old Fire Station in McCourt, Leederville to start an art gallery [which ran from 1968 to 1976]. They borrowed money and did most of the work themselves: “It was very brazen but we had the support of many, many artists…it took off and went very well.” 29:15 Rose Skinner, at the Skinner Galleries , showed mostly well known, established artists like Sidney Nolan. Apart from Cremorne Gallery in Hay Street, no one else showed local artists. Rie and David chose to show young local artists most of whom had not previously exhibited and who stayed loyal to the gallery: “It was exciting ... no money in it, but that didn’t seem to matter as long as we could make ends meet.” 30:50 There were no other galleries in the late 1960s but much later there was a flourish of galleries. Most closed their doors with the GFC [Global Financial Crisis 2007-2008]. Rie learnt to run a gallery “by trail and error” and the use of common sense. 31: 55 “It’s the selection of artists that’s important … if the work appealed to me, even if I didn’t think it was saleable, but I felt it was good work, I would show it.” Some shows therefore barely made a profit, the more popular ones balanced things out. Miriam Stannage, for example was difficult to sell then. Now Chris Capper sells now for $3,500 - $4,000 Rie battled to sell his work for $250 or $300. The artists she has shown have all done well. [Rie believed it was important to support local artists and amongst those were many women like Miriam Stannage, Nola Farman. Carol Rudyard, Elise Blumann, Portia Bennett, Marie Hobbs, Helen Grey-Smith ,Helen Taylor, Mary Dudin and others]. 34:00 Prices were determined in consultation with the artist, Rie taking 25 per cent commission, all the costs were the gallery’s. Now galleries charge 40 to 50 per cent with artists paying costs. Rie did all the work herself: climbing ladders to hang paintings, writing media releases, developing and executing marketing ideas. [You have to unpack works, carry them and put them on the walls. When you are by yourself, as I was in the Old Fire Station it is hard work. You are up and down ladders, adjusting lights and hanging paintings. You need to be good with an electric drill and screwdriver etc. When you have a ceramics or a sculpture show you lug those around. It is not easy. Setting up a show is very physically demanding.] 37:50 Rie chose work based on her personal preferences, sale-ability came second. She found that people without art knowledge are often attracted to showy work of little merit: “Rubbish sells readily”. 40:00 Rie discusses the challenges of running an art gallery: “Keeping your head above water” is number one; the work is physically difficult; being tough enough to let people down gently when their work is not good enough. During the nickel boom people spent money on art. Rie didn’t sell art for investment, her advice to buyers was to buy work they wanted to live with and if it increased in value, all the better. 45:15 “To stick it in a vault because you bought it as an investment, that’s not buying art.” The relationship with her clients was important: offering them good pictures and her advice. Competition between galleries was very competitive. 48:45 Relationships with the artists was “fantastic and they’re still my friends, still.” On her retirement from UWA a breakfast was organised with artists presenting a piece of work to her for the occasion. She was given over 140 pieces of art. 50:40 Art training was good then as artists taught students. For example, Guy Grey Smith taught at Curtin, Robert Juniper taught at Guildford Grammar School and they passed on their knowledge. Most artists needed to teach to earn a living. 52:00 Rie gave up the Old Fire Station Gallery when the mining boom collapsed and her marriage ended. She made a late application for the position of curator at UWA and was offered the job after appearing before the University Art Collection Board of Management which included David Lawe Davies, Headmaster Guildford Grammar School as Chairman. Rie was successful she says because she was a hard worker and used her imagination to promote artists and the gallery. Importantly she was a board member of the Visual Arts Board of the Australia Council and had run a successful private art gallery over many years. With the Australia Council, Rie travelled around Australia meeting artists and gallery owners at public hearings to determine how best to run a successful arts program. The Whitlam years were exciting for the visual arts, theatre, dance. 55:50 Rie was introduced to interstate artists through this work and she exchanged artists with, for instance, Watters Gallery in Sydney. At UWA, Rie showed Fred Williams, Sidney Nolan, Charles Blackman, among others, at the Undercroft. Rie describes these and other shows at the Undercroft as very exciting. 57:00 Rie’s brief as Curator of Pictures was to look after the university’s collection; establish an exhibition program over 12 months and purchase new works of art. Purchases had to be within the modest annual budget which, while augmented by bequests from the John Collins bequest and others, was still small. Rie travelled interstate to view collections. She describes the collection she inherited: a strong core of Antipodean artists—Sidney Nolan, Arthur Boyd, John Percival, Charles Blackman. Rie discusses works by Nolan in the collection. 59:00 Local artists included Guy Grey Smith, Robert Juniper, Geoffrey Allen plus graphics and silk screens from European artists that “didn’t make sense.” Others had been bought from the Skinner Galleries and Rie’s gallery. The collection lacked cohesion and Rie attempted to fill the gaps. For instance: “Women had been completely ignored.” Rie believes she did reasonably well on a small budget. Women artists were still cheap to acquire then. 1:02:36 Acquiring the works Rie wanted meant scouring catalogues and staying in contact with galleries Australia wide. One interesting group came from Europe in the 1930s escaping Nazism: “they were damn good painters and they hadn’t been collected,” because they weren’t painting traditional Australian scenes. Rie had to present works she wished to acquire to a monthly board meeting: “it’s not easy to convince academics as a non-academic and a woman.” 1:07:00 By the end of her tenure, Rie was able to make themed exhibitions with the works she had acquired. The criteria was for Australian artists: to acquire historical works to fill the gaps and strengthen the contemporary collection. 1:08:00 The collection was housed all over campus. Annually a stocktake was done to check the condition of works, for instance, some had been hanging in the sun, some had disappeared. Staff could chose works to put on their walls. The Australia Council had a system for registering works which Rie adopted to ensure a solid record, she then rented a suitable warehouse to store the works in preparation for the new gallery [to replace the Undercroft previously used for exhibitions]. 1:10:55 Interview 2 00:00 Introduction by Anne Yardley 00:35 Rie discusses the European artists [mentioned in interview 1] and the contribution they made to Australian art : Yosl Bergner, a Jewish artist form Warsaw. Rie discusses her reasons for buying The Pie Eaters; and German artist Elise Blumann “a strong gutsy painter” Rie describes Summer Nude and On the Swan at Nedlands; Evening on the Yarra Claris Beckett,was gifted to the collection, “a beautiful picture.”. 05:20 Some Australian artists understood the European newcomers, for instance Melbourne artist, Noel Counihan: The Pumpkin Seller – painting what life was like for many in Melbourne; Harold Vike, a Norwegian socialist who lived in Perth, his work The Reading Room and People on a Tram. Rie says they are “a slice of life” and works depicting urban life are as important as bush scenes. 10:05 At times it was difficult and stressful convincing the board to collect these painters. The board included a student guild member nominated by students. Rie recalls Digby Cullen and John Carruthers. 13:00 Rie explains how she attracted donations. It was very competitive and hard work. She gave talks to various groups and was often invited to view people’s private collections. Tax deductibility encouraged donations. 17:30 Acquisitions most commonly came through purchases which meant going to every exhibition for local, contemporary artists. The works would be shown to the Board. Rie would notify all galleries in Australia of work she sought. 18:50 Rie was keen to collect women artists as there were few apart from Elizabeth Durack in the collection. She describes Adelaide Perry’s Woman Pilot, 1931, as another strong image: “Those sorts of women should be in a university collection. They are just as important as the male artists.” Rie discusses other women artists. 21:15 It was difficult for women artists to make a living, Rie believes it is still somewhat true today. Portia Bennett painted Perth city, on site, as it was in the 1940a: Hotel Adelphi, 1948, on St George’s Terrace. Her husband didn’t approve of her painting. 26:42 Rie hoped to encourage students and anyone interested in Australian art. She tried to get a thread running from early Australian artists through to today’s artists. Rie mentions Ian Fairweather’s works that were gifted to the collection by Rose Skinner. A Melbourne dealer, Joseph Brown, also made donations. 31:25 The Visual Arts Board made many important works available and provided money for purchases. There was more money available in the 1970s. On her success, Rie says she transferred her methods from the Old Fire Station to the university. Rie used her own imagination to get publicity for the gallery. For instance the 9 x 5 and Love a Duck promotions. 33:50 Rie discusses the “9 x 5” promotion in 1989: 100 years after the original 9 x 5 exhibition in Melbourne where artists produced an exhibition of work painted on cigar box lids. Rie used 3 ply cut to size and asked artists to paint pictures which were then sold for fund raising. Bob Gregson acted as auctioneer and every picture was sold. Rie describes the function and how it operated. 37:30 “Love a Duck” was an earlier promotion in 1987. Ducks were made by an artist from palm fronds, Rie asked artists to paint the ducks which were auctioned in a similar event which raised over $30,000. Artists who contributed included Ken Done, Robert Juniper, Leon Pericles. Artists entered into the spirit of the event, they were prepared to assist to get a better gallery for the university’s collection. Their contribution went towards the furnishings. 42:10 On the challenges of the Undercroft as a gallery: the screens had to be dismountable as the Undercroft was needed for exams, Save the Children Fund book sale and other events. Despite the challenges: “we managed to have some good exhibitions that I’m still proud of.” There’d be about 12 exhibitions per year. There was a further gallery space at the back of the Undercroft near Rie’s office, literally a broom cupboard. 44:05 On what gave Rie the greatest pride: her acquisitions, especially the artists from Europe and the women artists. She didn’t plan to leave UWA [in 1989] before the new gallery was opened—it would have been a good place to work but her husband had retired and was keen for them to spend more time in their holiday house. She had a great send off—a large group of local artists took her, and husband Ian, to breakfast and presented her with over 100 small scale sculptures and works: “They spoiled me rotten.” 48:00 Post UWA, Rie was asked to be on the selection committee for three new court buildings. She helped the City of Joondalup for several years and became a board member at the Art Gallery of WA before her husband, Ian, died. In 1989 Rie received a letter from Canberra asking if she would accept an Order of Australia. She felt embarrassed as it didn’t seem right to have an honour for doing something she enjoyed doing. She received the award on Australia Day 1990. Rie has often felt an outsider as a migrant and says It can still be hurtful not to be considered Australian. With the OA, for the first time she felt accepted as an Australian. She has no idea who nominated her. 53:34 Reflecting on her life in the Arts community, Rie says she thought she was cheeky to take it on without a Fine Arts degree: “I was thrown in off the deep end and I think I did a reasonable job, which is pleasing, but I think it was a bit of cheek.” 54:30 On the arts community in Perth now: “It’s in a sad position now since the GFC.” Many important galleries have closed their doors which makes it harder now for artists to earn a living: “I don’t know how they’re surviving.” It’s a lot of work for artists to produce the artwork and promote their own work. [Rie makes the point that artists struggling in Western Australia is nothing new. They have always had it a lot harder because of our geographical isolation: “I recently bought a stunning linocut from an artist who has just finished a post-graduate degree at Curtin in Fine Arts and he has to do his work in the evenings as during the day he works as a bus driver. Artists have no easy job and I for one wanted to support them”.] “We’ve gone backwards since the global financial crisis.” The state Art Gallery “can do a lot in supporting young local artists….and dare I say it, they’re not doing that.” Rie says the recent Guy Grey Smith is fantastic and very well curated but notes that it’s taken more than 30 years after his death to mount the exhibition. 58:20 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a0005668de710c81c93f3229da8f58b9.mp3">Heymans, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d64a8e455fa22829da555f2041576c3e.mp3">Heymans, Interview 1, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rie Heymans interview, 7 July 2014 and 10 July 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Art Gallery Description An account of the resource Born in The Hague, Netherlands in 1932, Rie Heymans' early life was informed by wartime Europe, a time she recalls when she was always hungry. Post war, Rie and her husband David left Europe bound for Queensland and it was only Rie’s debilitating onboard sickness that led the couple to leave the ship in Fremantle and settle in Western Australia. Their early migrant years were difficult until David became involved in the local arts community which led, in 1968, to Rie and David, with little experience, opening the Old Fire Station Gallery in Leederville. In the interview, Rie discusses her approach to gallery ownership, the emerging artists she exhibited, and the Perth arts community in the 1960s and 70s. Despite the success of the Old Fire Station Gallery, Rie says of running an art gallery: “It isn’t an easy game.” And hence in 1976, Rie accepted the position of Curator of Pictures at UWA, a position she held until taking early retirement in 1989. Rie talks about the direction she chose to take with the university’s art collection: filling the gaps in the collection and placing an emphasis on collecting women artists. Rie was keen to acquire works by artists who, escaping pre-war Europe, made their homes in Australia and contributed to a more urban view of Australian art. Rie discusses her philosophy towards building the collection; her fund raising events for the new university art gallery. She speaks of the challenges faced by artists today with less money and fewer opportunities. In 1990, Rie was awarded the Order of Australia in recognition of her contribution to the visual arts. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Heymans, Rie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Rita Clarke Location The location of the interview Claremont, WA Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 45 minutes, 46 seconds Interview 2: 41 minutes, 45 seconds Total : 1 hour, 27 minutes, 31 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00: 35 Track 2 00:00 Rita and her husband John came to Australia in 1964. Rita’s brother was already living in Floreat. House was designed by the architect Peter Overman. They loved the lifestyle. 01:34 Rita was told that she could sit for a matured aged exam for the University of Western Australia. Rita hadn’t taken A levels because she wasn’t sure what she wanted to do but worked in France for a year. There was a general knowledge component, English plus an elected subject. Rita chose French. She passed and was accepted into a university degree. 02:08 Rita was working so she studied part-time. She took English, French, Philosophy and Music. The Music Department was headed by Professor Callaway and the department was located at Tuart House. Rita loved the course. Professor Callaway was trying to get all the graduates to come in and do at least one unit in music. He wanted the students to become music educators. Rita did music education. 02:57 Rita was going to major in music but had her first baby at the end of the third year. When she told Professor Callaway she was pregnant and would have to leave he said why and encouraged her to keep going. Rita gave birth to Philippa in September and David Tunley tutored her for what she had missed. Rita majored in English poetry and the novel. 04:00 It was a small university then. Rita was looked on as a matured aged student even though she was only 23. Most of the other students were 17 and hadn’t been out of Western Australia. They weren’t very worldly and enjoyed having the matured aged students in the tutorials. 04:29 Rita was living in Karrinyup by this stage so she didn’t spend much time on the campus. She finished her degree and had two more girls. 04:45 When her eldest daughter was about nine years old Rita decided to return to do a post graduate degree. A careers advisor at UWA suggested she try working for the campus radio. Rita had not realised that there was a radio station on campus. 05:05 In about 1984, Rita called into Radio 6UVS-FM and said she was interested in doing some radio work but was worried that she might be too old. However, the station manager at the time Pieta O’Shaughnessy was about the same age. They had just started an arts programme called “The Stupendous Stereo Stage Show”. Rita was asked to do some literary reviews and interviewing. Ann Tonks was running the programme with Barry Strickland. Barry Strickland has been on the Board of the Festival of Perth and is now on the Board of the Fringe Festival. Ann Tonks moved to the ABC and later managed the Melbourne Theatre Company. 05:59 Ann Tonks took over the management of Radio after Pieta O’Shaughnessy left. 06:05 Pieta was very encouraging. Rita did a few little things on morning programmes. Then she was given her own morning programme because she was fascinated with the science of radio broadcasting and wanted to learn how everything worked. 06:21 On her first breakfast programme somebody from the Centre of Water Research had invited a Professor from Cambridge to talk on the radio. Rita was given 5 minutes grace before she had to interview him. She discovered that what is interesting about a subject is the person doing the subject and how they became involved in the study. 07:15 Right from the start she had to think on her feet and she enjoyed doing this and found it very exciting. 07:27 Ann Tonks applied to manage Radio 6UVS-FM but was unsuccessful. The successful applicant was an American called Bill McGinnis. 07:51 Track 3 00:00 Before Pieta the radio station had been run on lines similar to the BBC. The focus was on current affairs and classical music. 00:34 Pieta tried to make it more popular and involve the students. There was a classical section. They promoted new bands and local talent. Then she started up the 4 hours evening arts programme which covered dance, concerts and so on. 01:03 Rita’s first interview was pre-recorded and was with Steven J Spears from the Rocky Horror Show. Rita had prepared a big list of questions and found this method stultified the interview and didn’t allow it to grow organically using interesting themes from his responses. 01:53 Interviewing one top Cambridge Don, his first answer opened up all sorts of options. After an initial feeling of panic, she decided to go with the last thread. She relished those moments because it made the job very exciting. 02:27 Other interviewees included Richard Harris, Harry Seycombe and Ronnie Corbett. The big stars wanted publicity when they were in Perth. Rita also interviewed Jane Campion at the beginning of her film career. 03:14 After Pieta left in about 1986, Ann Tonks applied for the job but they gave the job to an American called Bill McGinnis. Ann went off into other fields but came back later in 1997 to take over the reins. 03:36 Bill was more commercial and he decided that they should have sponsorship. He asked Rita if she would do the breakfast show. Rita had to get up at 4am as she had to drive in from Karrinyup. Her youngest daughter was 9 years old so the children were able to get themselves ready for school. Her husband was very supportive. As she became more familiar with the show she was able to leave later. This was made easier when they moved to 18 Everett Street in Crawley. 04:55 The radio station was located downstairs in some demountable buildings near the Faculty of Architecture. Rita would see some of the students leaving after working on projects for most of the night. Rita was alone in the building at 6am. When she had guests, they would ring the bell and she would put on some music while she went to collect them. One day the Vice Chancellor came on the radio and was unimpressed that she was working on her alone but nothing came of this. 06:27 Then it moved upstairs in the Sanders building in Myers Street. There was room to house the sponsorship worker, Dean. At one stage there was a waiting list for sponsors to get on the breakfast show. Many of car dealers wanted to be sponsors. 07:32 Olwyn Williams manage the classical music section. In the evenings lots of students came on and played their own type of music. Bill asked Rita to play rock n’ roll on the breakfast show. It was very popular. 08:39 Rita realised that guest speakers from the different Faculties at UWA provided a wealth of anecdotes and information. She suggested that the station produce a magazine but this idea was not taken up until the radio station was closed. Some of the academic wanted to have accreditation if they came on and did a series of programmes. Because this wasn’t accepted by the university, some of them declined to be interviewed. 10:25 Unfortunately the interviews weren’t saved and were taped over. There were big reel to reel tapes in those days. Rita has a few tapes and Dean took a lot when the station shut down. 10:46 Bill McGinnis started including promos. This was very new then. Bill left to take up a position with community television and Ann Tonks took over. Timothy West is appointed Director-in-Residence at UWA in 1982. He produced “Women beware women”. Ann Tonks played the main role. Rita was assistant stage manager. They got to know him and his wife Prunella Scales really well as they stayed here for a year. 13:23 Ann boosted the arts and the radio station would interview those taking part in the Festival of Perth. When she decided to leave in 1989. She joined the Australian Broadcasting Corporation as Station Manager of Radio National. Rita got in touch with the Australian newspaper and suggested that they do a piece on Ann. As they had no journalists to write the article, Rita wrote it and included one of her own photos (which she later realised was not the thing to do as they had sent an official photographer to do take the photo). 15:59 The station ran a competition for the best radio play and recorded it live at the Dolphin Theatre. 17:05 In those days everybody was doing everything themselves. Nobody had a producer. Towards the end of Rita’s time on the radio station she began to get producers – mainly from people who volunteered as they wanted to get into radio. 17:33 The breakfast programme was from 6am to 9am. Pieta did the breakfast programme for a while. When Pieta left, somebody else presented it for a while. After they left, Bill asked Rita to do it. Rita comments that you have to not mind being caught out when things go wrong. 18:22 Rita liked to ask different questions as she was well aware that celebrities had been asked the same questions by all the media. Rita asked Eric Bogle the folk singer if he was a breast fed baby. He later said that this was the best question he had been asked. 19:25 The West did an article about the breakfast show and asked Rita who she had interviewed. When the article was published, she was accused of being a name dropper. 19:53 Spike Milligan came for a pre-recorded interview in the evening. He said that he hated journalists as he considered them to be “full of themselves”. He said that Rita was all right but he supposed that nobody listened to this! 20:38 David Blenkinsop was Director of Perth International Arts Festival from 1975 to 1999. He was interviewed about the Festival and was annoyed that she did not attend the press conference. Rita had not been told about it. Luckily she was not taken aback by this and the interview went well. 21:24 Track 4 00:00 Ann was very strategic and a good manager. When the university decided to close down the radio station. Some of the university’s money had to spend on communication and community. Some of the money for the radio was also coming from Murdoch because they were training media students. 00:55 The pressure came about from the publication of the Dawkins Report in 1987 and universities were being rationalised. From this time, Rita felt that the university changed and people felt under pressure from cost cuts. 01:29 Ann suggested the eventual protest at the closing down of the radio station. They got a lot of publicity and saved the station. 02:19 Rita had been a volunteer for a long time. Pieta offered her a stipend of about $100 a month. When Bill arrived, he employed Rita as the breakfast announcer and producer and she got a regular wage. 02:50 After Ann left the job was advertised and it was offered to a charming young Englishman. He started a magazine up for the radio (not the whole campus). Alison Farmer was the editor. She did reviews for the West Australian. 04:33 He had the idea to get CD’s published of some of the music. He had good ideas but they did not have the resources to fulfil some of them. 04:52 The university were a little annoyed because they were trying to get money from outside sources at the same time as the radio station was seeking sponsorship. Other department were also trying to do this. Ultimately the university decided that all sponsorship had to go through the administration. 05:22 In 1990 they decided to close the radio station again. The new head of the radio was advised not to kick up a fuss and the station was closed down. 05:51 Some of people on the music side were especially keen to keep going. The university let them keep the area for a peppercorn rent but they had to change the name to 6RTR. It moved off the campus to Mount Lawley in January 2005. Rita was involved in the radio station from 1980 to 1990. It was a fantastic ten years. There was no leaving party for the station. 07:29 The last head of the radio station asked Rita would come off the breakfast show and do the afternoon arts show. A young girl came on the breakfast show and made it more music orientated. 08:36 Eoin Cameron was doing the breakfast show on the ABC. The ad for his show said “Have Breakfast with Eoin” and showed him in the shower with a shower cap on. Rita suggested that they should put out a rival ad saying “Wouldn’t you rather have breakfast with Rita”! 09:22 Like Eoin, Rita used to play a lot of comedy such as “Round the Horne” from BBC Radio 4 as well as snippets from “Fawlty Towers”. She also started reading “The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole aged 13 ¾”. One day the book disappeared and she could not read the book on air. There were so many phone calls from disappointed listeners. The publishers had been selling out of the book due to the demand. The booked appealed to both young and old. 10:55 At the time, there was nobody who tried to work out their audience figures. The different arts disciplines used to listen because the interviews were really meaty. There were no time constraints to fit it into a small slot. Presumably, the sponsorship officer would have to have had some idea of audience numbers to attract willing sponsors? 12:01 Rita had 3 children and was very busy so she was in and out and probably didn’t realise everything that went on in the office. 12:23 Towards the end the station had about 4 full time office staff. In addition to this there were lots of presenters. Older people came in and presented the nostalgia music programmes on Sunday mornings and played 30s and 40s music which had a big following. 13:13 Anybody could come in and suggest a programme. If it sounded interesting enough you could do it. Bridget Ross covered the visual arts. She and Rita did a programme in the morning “But thinking makes it so” which took a theme and covered different aspects of it. The programme won the Australasian Hi Fi prize for the most creative use of the medium. This was included in the campus brochure. Others won prizes for their music programmes. Rita went over to Melbourne to collect the prize. 14:22 They would do community announcement for UWA – for example promote the free concerts. If people told them about events, they would promote them. The Medieval Society would come on and talk about what they did. One of the people in the Medieval Society did theatre reviews. Rita often used people from the English department to go and see shows and review them. John Rapsey did the film reviews on the breakfast programme. People also came on and did book reviews. There was also a West Australian book programme. Olwyn would play on air certain pieces that the Music Department were playing. 15:55 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Track 2 00:00 Rita studied English under Colin O’Brien. He was an expert on Shakespeare. She did Hamlet as her main study. Tom Gibbons tutored her in 3rd year and told her class that they couldn’t write essays. 03:16 The novels they had to study were the classics such as “Middlemarch” by George Elliott and James Joyce. The poets studied were Hardy, Keats and Yeats. Rita attended Yeats Summer School in Sligo after she left the radio. She wishes that she had been able to be on campus more. 15:15 Patrick Hutchings used to wear his gown to lectures. He later converted to Catholicism. 05:53 The French study was tough as you had to read and write in French. Rita studied Baudelaire and Rambaud. 06:24 Rita also studied music education. 06:32 The arts department was in its present location. The Fortune Theatre was pioneered by Colin O’Brien. The peacocks seem to watch and critique the plays. 07:45 At the time there was no drama section in the English department. 08:12 Rather than themes, the novels were studied for point of view and tone. 09:11 The music department had a similar method of contrast and compare composers for their essays. You had to work really hard to get good marks. 10:30 Track 3 00:00 At the radio station there were technicians who helped with pre-recorded interviews. They would help people who were interested in learning the ropes and how to edit. When she was on air with somebody she watched how they did it. 01:32 When you were presenting your own show you were left alone and had no help so you had to know what you were doing. Bill encouraged his staff to preserve the mystique of radio. At one time Rita edited something while she was on air. You were always able to get help and tuition if you needed it. 03:08 There were two tape machines and two turntables. The promos could be aired while you had a break. 03:39 Rita would get to the station at 6am or earlier when she was presenting the breakfast programme. She would play the news from London first up and snippets from Deutsche Welle. It was too early to do live interviews so she would play some comedy and music and perhaps a pre-recorded interview. There was no talk back. Rock n roll records were 2-3 minutes. 04:48 One morning she was quite ill as she had been out the night before and had had champagne and oysters. She had to play records while she ran to the bathroom! She had to call Olwyn to come and take over for the last half hour. She generally used to go back to the UK for Christmas or to Rottnest and Moira Martin would take over. Apart from holidays, she didn’t miss many (if any) radio shows. 05:58 The show would be planned in time segments but a lot of it was off the cuff as she didn’t have a producer. It wasn’t a commercial station so they didn’t have ads coming in. People came in to talk after 7am. News bulletins took about 10 minutes. Michael Bosworth came on to talk about Alexander the Great for example. There were some regulars one of whom as Colin who did “News from Nowhere”. Patrick O’Brien (Political Science) used to come on and was very lively and provocative. 08:21 The show always ended with a record so there was no chance that it would run into the next segment and it gave the presenters time for the change over. 09:07 The show had a good following and received a great deal of sponsorship. People liked being on university radio as it had integrity and reached a wide audience. The radio station had interesting guests and was very ethical. They considered themselves to be like the ABC. Radio is good for tapping into the imagination. 12:00 The ABC didn’t consider them as a rival radio station even though they often contributed to Radio National. In hindsight it is a wonder that the ABC didn’t have a stronger collaboration with Radio 6UVS-FM. Many of the Festival performers would be interviewed by both stations. Spike Milligan’s interview was quite long because he talked about a lot of interesting things such as growing up in India. Radio 6UVS-FM was able to play long interviews if they wanted to and weren’t confined by programming issues. 14:29 Many of the presenters from 6UVS-FM would later be picked up the ABC such as Jane Figgis. Rita was asked to do an interview with the ABC when they had a vacancy but at the time she was very happy where she was. Martin Marshall also went to the ABC. He was very excited when he had to interview the Pointer Sisters. He now runs the Good Store in Victoria Park. He married Olwyn Williams. Barry Strickland went to the ABC for quite a while and is now on the board of the Fringe Festival. 18:03 The radio station attracted very talented people. It was a very creative atmosphere at the station. 19:02 Track 4 Discussion of interview tapes 00:00 Stephen Daldry, Director from the Royal National Theatre, came over for the Perth Festival in 1995 with “An Inspector calls”. 00:34 Jerzy Sikorski, bone specialist, 1995 talks about hospitals being the new cathedrals 00:55 Sam Pickering, American essayist, 1993 01:15 Did a series of interviews for Radio National on Yeats Summer School in Sligo on a scholarship from the Irish Australian Society. 02:01 Sam Wannamaker c1990 talking about the need to save the Globe Theatre in London. 02:47 Jonah Jones, Moet & Chandon, 1992. He was here to give an art prize at the Art Gallery of WA. 03:14 Tim Winton (writer), Robert Juniper (artist) and photographer Richard Woldendorp, 1999. 03:57 Brian Bosworth talks on Alexander the Great in 1993. 04:15 Rita did a series of interviews on beach culture for the Australian Relationships including the Snake Pit at Scarborough in March 1989. 05:04 Off-air breakfast recording and an interview on Sex and Relationships. 06:02 Beach culture from neck to knee to nude. The world in a grain of sand. 06:24 Fiona Shaw (who played Harry Potter’s aunt Petunia) came over to Perth with director Deborah Warner for the Angel Project. 06:56 Science Bookshop was put on by other presenters at the radio station. 07:09 Anthony Lawrence poet. 07:31 English actor Martin Shaw 1983. Professor Callaway, May 1993 07:48 The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Clerkenwell, London, 1991. 08:05 Off air breakfast interviews with Graham Blundell, Spike Milligan, Professor Basil Sansom and Graham Rapsey (film reviewer). 08:25 Track 5 00:00 Rita was very grateful that she went to the radio station as it brought together her interests and expertise. She learned to be a radio journalist, producer, presenter, feature writer and critic. She wrote articles for the Australian and the Financial Review. She also wrote articles for the West Australian. 02:52 She is grateful to the university and the radio station. It was an exciting vibrant time. 03:18 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/348bdc901ad121ad005148d609886a7d.mp3">Clarke, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c8cb697d3b8b8d0afacf35c2a9e7d426.mp3">Clarke, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/957609478b5ee46153b97d236779c301.mp3">Clarke, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/92cffc027af1c9cf60644acd91ace5cb.mp3">Clarke, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/042219c1720a03f0cfa33e973fa96839.mp3">Clarke, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5afea2a7c79420a5b11497bf68fb5fa6.mp3">Clarke, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/faf3b10016dc0a38b548c8f29de7d674.mp3">Clarke, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e4893d6c97e99e336671c153ca886b8a.mp3">Clarke, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e0ebf54c424382438f24efac4ff1fa63.mp3">Clarke, Interview 2, Track 5</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rita Clarke interview, 27 January 2014 and 3 February 2014 Subject The topic of the resource 6UVS FM Description An account of the resource Born Rita Cannon in Pembury, Kent in the UK in 1940. She worked in London and Paris. Rita married John Clarke in 1964 and came to Australia as a £10 Pom. Her brother and sister-in-law, John and Sylvia Cannon were already living in Perth. They liked the weather and the laid-back life-style so they made their lives here. They spent one year (1969) living in Sydney where Rita studied at Macquarie University. They had three daughters, Philippa, Katie and Laura. Rita began studies at UWA in 1965. Both Philippa and Laura are UWA graduates, Katie graduated from Murdoch University. A UWA arts graduate, Rita started work in a voluntary capacity for the campus radio station, 6UVSFM, having been invited to work on The Stupendous Stereo Stage Show produced at that time by Ann Tonks. She did arts reviews and interviews, and then also had her own morning program. In about 1985 she was asked by the Station Manager, Bill McGinnis to become full-time breakfast presenter and producer for the radio, whilst still fronting the Arts Show, for which she received a salary. She was also Talks Producer for the Radio. Whilst working for 6UVSFM, she did free-lance programs for the ABC, began writing feature articles and reviews for The Australian Newspaper and later The Financial Review (both at the same time). She wrote in this capacity for The West Australian and Scoop and various other magazines. She also edited Coo-ee! The WA Country Arts monthly Newsletter. Rita left the radio station when it closed down in 1990 and was elected to the Council of Convocation where she wrote Convocation’s pages in Uniview. She continued journalism and is on, or has been on, the judging panels for Theatre and Dance Awards. She now also teaches English as a Second Language. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clarke, Rita Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia If you wish to use information from this oral history recording in any public form, written or spoken, you must obtain permission from the person concerned (or their family). Please send your request to UWAHS. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Robin Warren Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 53 minutes, 39 minutes Interview 2: 54 minutes, 54 seconds Total: 1 hour, 48 minutes, 33 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 John Robin Warren 1937. Early information background. Father 1840 mother 1836 to Adelaide. Robins early recollections. Inspiration and history of medical involvement. Engrossed in reading. Background, inspiration 00:05:02 Oxford junior encyclopaedia. Interest in astronomy. Hobby of photography. Box brownie developing own films. Enjoying looking through microscopes. Health as a teenager. Reading, health 00:09:35 Parents encourage study. Coming to be interested in an academic career. Education encouraged with commonwealth scholarships. Thoughts of studying medicine. Fascinated in medical history. Study, medicine 00:13:17 Original medical discoveries made. Loving going to university. Serious student enjoying reading. Difficult to do the things that you have to do. First year at university was an extension of high school. Matriculation. University, matriculation 00:17:16 Western Australians come to Adelaide to study. Memories of university. University has expanded and more discoveries. Expensive medical study and expensive technology. Technologies help advancements in career. Career, technologies, university 00:20:25 Interested in working PNG. Robin Cooke was the pathologist at the time. Department of Foreign Affairs takes a long time to make things happen. Memories of ten Seldam and Doug Hicks talking at Royal Melbourne hospital. Plans of coming to Perth. Nobody argues with Rolf [ten Seldam]. Rolf ten Seldam, Perth 00:23:57 The reputation of UWA and Royal Perth hospital. Melbourne location and connections to the world. Isolation. People in Perth had their own little thing. Royal Perth Hospital and QE2 Hospital were not connected. Talking to people at the university. UWA, Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital 00:27:15 Memories of the medical school. University of Melbourne compared to UWA. Research pathology. A clinical pathology. Interest in Histopathology. Interest in haematology. Haematology, pathology, UWA 00:31:35 Peth and general pathology. Areas of histopathology. Interest in Gastro pathology. Difficult to study. Endoscopy and surgical specimens. The flexible endoscope. Whitehead describes the histology of the stomach. Histopathology, gastro pathology, flexible endoscope 00:36:45 Discovery of the helicobacter. Fact that bacteria didn’t grow in the stomach. Description of bacteria growth in a layer of stomach mucus. Looking at connection to gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcers. Duodenal ulcers, helicobacter 00:40:50 Looking at the blue line. Other colleagues could not see bacteria. Microbiology an seeing bacteria in the tissue. Staining bacteria to observe them. Organisms stained with silver and acid fast stains. Bacilli otherwise invisible. Bacilli, microbiology, bacteria 00:45:07 No one believes that bacteria exists. Just something different. Looking for bacteria finding them easily. Spiral shapes bacteria. Growing in palisades. 30% - 40% of biopsies have bacteria. Stumbling across the bacteria. Interest in photography helps. Bacteria 00:51:44 Taking a picture and discovery. Interest in photography and Microbiology - Everything comes together at that time. discovery 00:53:39 Interview 2 00:00:00 meeting Barry Marshall. First professional who was interested in work. Barry wasn’t particularly interested. Looking at normal gastric mucosa. Biopsies from the gastric antrum. Showing the changes in information. Barry Mashall 00:04:30 Barry becomes very interested in discoveries. Cause of ulcer. No one believes robin warren. Studies undertaken in 1982. 100 Patients are biopsied. Symptoms of gastric problems. Symptoms related to ulcers. Symptoms, ulcer, studies 00:0:7:30 Patients have biopsies. Clinical findings for duodenal ulcers. Bacteria closely related to Duodenal Ulcers. Gastric infection and d ulcers. The result and response to ulcers. Front page of the New York Times and spread of the theory. Bacteria, gastric infection, New York Times 00:11:23 Barry Marshall come up with idea for treatment. General public and acid inhibiters. Treatment for ulcers. Specialist protect their theories. Specialist in the royal hospital oppose ideas. GPs are interest. Recognition. Treatment of the ulcer and infection. Barry Marshall, recognition, treatment 00:15:16 Opposition and disbelief. The rest of the world and ultimate ratification of Robin Warren and Barry Marshall findings. Research work in America. People don’t believe findings from WA. Disbelief, research work 00:18:28 Barry Marshall drinks bacteria. 90% of people are infected by HP. Organisms and out of balance. Comparison to the bubonic plague. Polio virus and spectrum of changes with any virus. A chronic infection and ulcers. Barry Marshall, virus, chronic infection 00:23:18 Being infected and treatment with antibiotics. Barry Marshall drinks a huge does of bacteria. Nasty active virus results. The response to the experiment. Barry Marshall 00:26:27 Recognition result slowly from the beginning. A hit at Brussels conference in 1983. Trouble with publishing papers in The Lancet. Getting peer reviews. Not having any peers at the time. Campylo *and Vibrio* bacteria. Getting letters and papers published. Two paradigm shifts in the paper. Bacteria are causing ulcers. Campylo Bacteria, ulcers, publications 00:31:40 The most published paper in the world. Trying to prove findings wrong. Correct cure for ulcers is to cure helicobacter. Goodwin, Surveyor and Morris*. Memories of Goodwin and the new type of bacteria. Ivor Surveyor, Barry Mashall and radio isotopes. Goodwin, Surveyor, Morris*, Barry Mashall , radio isotopes 00:35:14 Beginning of the breath test. Memories of Morris and a mild gastritis. Koch postulate and findings of a brilliant microbiologist. Koch Postulates. Isolated bacteria and cause of disease. Koch Postulates, breath test 00:39:10 Successful treatment of ulcer. Speaking invitations and world travel. Nobel Prize winners are in demand. 1994 Foundation prize for Harvard medical school* and other awards received. Best gifts. Awards, Foundation prize Harvard Medical School 00:44:00 Memories of the build up to Nobel Prize. Guest speaker in the late 90s. Taking time off and retirement. Barry has kept on going. Nobel Prize, Barry Marshall 00:45:45 Memories of the Nobel Prize in 2005. Having dinner on the night of the nomination. Having an idea that the Nobel Prize was on the cards. Success of treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Occasional surgical experiments. Duodenal ulcers, treatment, experiments 00:49:43 A telephone call while having dinner at the old swan brewery. Thing go crazy and not possible to have dinner. Leaning on a fence that isn’t a fence. Memories of the award ceremony. 00:54:54 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5fccce2b7de92280fed444024fd955ba.mp3">Warren, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/9cbf63b892b054fc4baa06b1e7368fd1.mp3">Warren, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d25c62ad825b9da6d3daef9261444db5.mp3">Warren, Interview 2, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robin Warren interview, 2 July 2014 and 8 July 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Medicine Description An account of the resource Robin Warren was born in 1937, Adelaide, South Australia. He matriculated in 1954, gaining a Common-wealth scholarship and obtaining entry to the Medical School of the Adelaide University in 1955. Following university he became Registrar in Pathology for training in morbid anatomy and histopathology. He hoped to obtain a position as pathologist at Port Moresby before being posted to Perth WA in 1968 by Professor Rolf ten Seldam, the Professor of Pathology at the University of Western Australia and the Royal Perth Hospital. During the 1970’s he developed an interest in the new gastric biopsies that were becoming frequent. In 1979, on his 42nd birthday, he noticed bacteria growing on the surface of a gastric biopsy. From then on, Robin spent much of his spare time centred on the study of these bacteria. Over the next two years, he collected numerous examples and showed that they were usually related to chronic gastritis. With Barry Marshall he would develop a theory and prove that the bacteria, Helicobacter pylori, caused stomach ulcers. He also helped developed a breath test for detecting H. pylori in ulcer patients Their findings were met largely with disbelief. But after initial publications in 1983–1984, a wealth of further studies appeared, most of them apparently just repeating their work, with similar results. Still most support for their work came from patients and GPs dealing with gastric and duodenal ulcers. Gradually their work gained world wide acceptance and resulted in both Robin Warren and Barry Marshall being awarded a Nobel Prize in 2005. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Warren, Robin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Rosalind Lindsay Location The location of the interview Shenton Park, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 43 hours 56 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour 33 minutes 2 seconds Total: 2 hours 16 minutes 58 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:41 Track 2 00:00 Born Rosalind Catherine Creese in Hounslow, Middlesex, UK on 27 June 1935. Evacuated to Cardiff for six months during the War. Came home at Christmas 1944. Did 11+ at Gumley House, Isleworth. Started nursing. Did some clerical work. Then decided to learn more about agriculture. 02:46 Worked on a farm in Hampshire for a year. Then attended Hampshire Farm Institute. Worked on two or three farms doing dairy work and then decided she wanted to travel. 04:04 Booked a passage on The Southern Cross, which travelled to Sydney via Fremantle. Her mother had a cousin living in Sydney but she had always been intrigued by Australia. 05:40 She called into the Department of Agriculture and asked for a job in agriculture in Australia. She was sent to see Dr M.C. Franklin who worked with CSIRO and was setting up a meat research laboratory at the University of Sydney farm in Camden. The farm was used by the university veterinary students for their practical work. CSIRO was also setting up various research units into dairying, meat and poultry. Rosalind lived in a hostel that housed the vet students for their 6 months practical. 07:06 She met her future husband, David Lindsay, who was working as a postgraduate at the sheep research block which was attached to the University of Sydney. 07:58 She was made very welcome by Dr Franklin who lived with his family in Cobbitty, a little village outside Camden. 08:31 Track 3 00:00 David and Rosalind married on 24 June 1961 at St Paul’s Church in Cobbitty. David had come from a dairy farm at Dapto south of Wollongong. He carried on with his research work and finished his PhD. Their eldest son was born on 1 July 1962. 02:00 After his PhD had been accepted, the family moved to Pullman, Whitman Country, Washington, USA for a postdoctoral year. They were living there when President Kennedy was shot on 22 November 1963. Their second child, Kate, was born during in December 1963. 03:13 They returned to Sydney but it was difficult to get funding for animal agricultural research work. There was a problem with the fertility in ewes in Western Australia and David got the job at UWA as his specialist field was reproductive physiology. Professor Robinson who was David’s PhD supervisor was a graduate of the University of Western Australia and a friend of Professor Reg Moir who was not then a Professor but was working in the Animal Science Department with Professor Underwood. 05:22 They arrived in Perth on 2 January 1967 with three children and were met at the airport by the Moirs and taken to their house for lunch. The airport was very rural! They were booked into the Captain Stirling Hotel for a few days. 06:12 They found a University house that had been recently vacated at 3 Arras Street. Their furniture was on the way over from the eastern states. They were able to borrow some from people in the Animal Science Department but quite a lot from the Tuart Club Newcomers Store. It was a simple house that was built just after the Second World War. {Arras Street had been subsumed by Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital but it ran off Monash Avenue just before Hospital Avenue} Similar houses still exist in Parkway. The University also bought some private houses as temporary housing for overseas and interstate staff in the late 1970s. 09:14 The housing was provided for a year to give people a start. The Lindsay’s moved to Broadway, Nedlands in order to be close to the University and so that David could ride his bicycle to work. They moved to Shenton Park in 1974. 10:10 The Tuart Club also had monthly meetings and a Newcomers Club that did informal activities. Having young children, Rosalind could not always attend these evening activities. They also held activities in the day time such as coffee mornings and things at weekends that would involve the whole family. 11:13 The Lindsays and their children made friends with the families that lived in houses that backed onto their garden in Arras Street. The children went to the University kindergarten run by Dr Little and later to Nedlands Primary School. 12:48 Track 4 00:00 Rosalind did visit David at work. In fact, wives were encouraged to be interested in their husband’s work. The Series Club was a social club for the Animal Science staff and their wives. They had dinner parties at each other’s houses and arranged social events. 02:03 When they took the 4th year students on a farm tour it meant the staff already knew each other. There was a strong link between the University of Western Australia and the Western Australian farming community. It was a better relationship than that in New South Wales. 04:04 The University of Western Australia staff in Agriculture would often be up early and work late due to their type of work. 04:54 The Music Department were also very active in the community. Then the Festival of Perth became the University of Western Australia outreach. Rosalind thinks that the people of Perth feel some ownership of the University which was not the case in Sydney. 06:09 The Tuart Club had started before World War II. They had an Open House at one of the houses in Dalkeith each year. The Club made sure that every newcomer felt welcome and what services were available. In the days before Google their expertise was invaluable to new people. 07:53 There was also a welcome party that was held on behalf of the Vice Chancellor. It was held in February or March and people who had arrived in the last 6 months were invited. It was generally a cocktail party that would be held in the Sunken Garden. 08:33 Gradually the population was changing. More women were working and wives of the Vice Chancellors had ideas to do things differently. 08:56 The good thing about the cocktail party was that you would meet new people from all over the University. 10:07 Track 5 00:00 If you were interested you soon found yourself part of the Newcomers Committee. Rosalind became involved with the Newcomers Store. It was open one day a week but she also had the key so she could assist new arrivals on an ad hoc basis. 01:20 They also had Newcomers Coffee Mornings. There was a book group. They met in the Child Study Centre and at each other’s houses. There was a rule not to “out-cake” the last hostess! 02:47 There was a Wildflower Group. They would visit Kings Park and local native gardens from March to October. They would also have more far-flung excursions. 03:38 The monthly meetings offered an interesting speaker, such as Jeremy Green from the WA Museum who spoke about Dutch shipwrecks. The meetings would be held on campus in different faculty lecture theatres. 04:22 The interest groups would report what had happened during the year at the AGM. 05:36 In the early sixties it was suggested that a charity event be held rather than just social activities. Miriam Cooper was one of the early people behind this idea. They didn’t have a book sale at first. They started off a Save the Children Interest Group and sewed pyjamas to donate or other goods. They had concerts to raise money. Also a brass rubbing display. 07:12 Study leave was an important part of university life and academics were encouraged to go overseas every 7 years in order to bring back fresh ideas. The Lindsay’s went to France to their equivalent of CSIRO. 09:58 Going overseas also helped to revitalise the Tuart Club. The brass rubbings were an example of this. 10:46 There was also a painting exhibition. 11:06 Books were suggested as something else that could be sold to generate money as well as cakes. It took off. The first store was in Waratah Avenue. 11:39 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:39 Track 2 00:00 Rosalind was involved in the Save the Children Book Sale after the 1970s but used to drop books off before that to the garage at the back of a house in Bruce Street owned by the Edmonds family where they would be sorted and stored. Dr Edmonds was part of the medical faculty. His family have been involved since that time. 01:10 Due to the oversupply of books, the University was approached and agreed to offer a University owned house in Myers Street which was to be demolished at some stage. 01:47 The University made available the grounds truck for moving books from storage to the sale at the Undercroft. 02:27 Appeals for books were made around the campus, Uni News, the local press and sometimes in The West Australian. 03:10 The sorting was done between Christmas and the book sale in July at that stage. After the book sale was over not many books were received. People were tired and gearing up for the holiday season. Also, the South of the River branch of Save the Children had a book sale associated with Murdoch and Curtin Universities after the University of Western Australia sale and they didn’t want to take books that should be going to that sale. 04:04 People who came to the book sale would tell their friends and their friends would offer books. The university switchboard would field these calls for them and tell them the dates of the book sale. Books would be piled up outside the door as the sorting place was not manned all week. 05:18 Soon they needed more room and the university offered the use of the back of Shenton House. Then they moved to one of the university houses in Arras Street. It had a protected veranda and reasonable access. 06:12 The University was very generous in assisting with the Save the Children Book Sale. Perhaps they thought it was good PR? They assisted with housing the books and with little things that cropped up along the way. Later on, they allowed a banner to be erected at the front of the campus at the Stirling Highway intersection with Winthrop Avenue. The theatres administration took responsibility for the bookings on campus and the staff their assisted as well. The theatre staff assisted with ensuring that there was Public Liability Insurance. 07:57 The book sale had been held at the Undercroft for many years. At first it was a stall in Waratah Avenue and St Catherine’s College but this space was not large enough. 08:38 The book sale is well and truly part of the university calendar but permission is requested to hold the book sale each year. The sale was in July when the university operated under terms. With semesters, the book sale moved to August. It is a date that does not interfere with the university exams. 10:35 Chess Removals have been helping for quite some time with the set up for no charge. 11:33 There is a plan of what books go where. It has altered a bit over the years to reflect changing times but they try not to change things too much as regular attendees like to go to where they think their particular stand will be located. It also makes it easier for the helpers if things don’t change too much. The Australiana collectors tend to get there on the first night and those books sell very quickly. 12:19 There is a team of people who set up. If the sale opens on Friday evening, things are being brought across on Wednesday afternoon. Signs are put up on Thursday morning and a team of people bring the books in on Thursday afternoon. The remainder of the books are brought in on Friday. They are normally all unpacked by Friday lunchtime. 13:13 In earlier years, graduate students were paid as labour at the Depot. The team needs to be strong and prepared to work hard. Trolleys can be used in the Undercroft. The books are now stored at the corner of Underwood Avenue and Brockway in Floreat. At one stage the books were stored in the old Zoology Department near St Georges College. Every box of books is marked with their category. 14:57 Recently students have been volunteering to help as this gets accredited on their student record for community work. In 2013 people from the University Camp for Kids helped. They were given a donation. Somebody on the SCF Committee has made it their job to liaise with the students and have a stall on Orientation Day. 16:34 Rosalind liaised with the post graduate volunteers for several years. Notices were put up around campus and at the Guild seeking help. A list of interested people would be made and be handed to the Convenor. It worked very well. It was a sort of quid pro quo for all the assistance given by UWA. 17:41 At the depot, donated books are unpacked and sorted quickly. Books that cannot be sold are recycled. The books are then boxed to be categorised by the volunteers. As well as Australiana and Western Australian interest, there are hardback and paperback fiction, biography and speciality subjects. There are a lot of researchers who attend the sale to pick up books about Western Australia. 19:56 They try to make sure the books are all in good order as there is not enough room. Third copies that aren’t in such good condition may be sold for less money around the metro area. 20:45 Some people who are specialists in their field help to categorise the books and decide whether they should even be in the sale. Some of the Committee have become knowledgeable over the years and have used catalogues from second hand book dealers to increase their knowledge. 22:18 The book are priced and packed into boxes. They are now using Baxter boxes that are used by the hospitals. Previous to this wine cartons were used! The boxes mustn’t be over filled for health and safety reasons. They must be not more than 15 kg. 22:43 Towards the end of the sale boxes are books are sold. 23:58 Track 3 00:00 Pricing is crucial which is where the specialist marking is essential to not undervalue or overvalue. Car manuals can be very valuable even if they might not be in such good condition. 02:46 Sometimes new people work with a specialist to increase their knowledge. In the early days, Mrs Trish Benwell and Cath Prider used to price the Australiana and Western Australia books. They got quite competitive! They studied catalogues and visited book shops around town to increase their knowledge. 03:44 It was soon realised that they needed other categories. Sometimes a category is subdivided such as Hobbies into Embroidery and Carpentry. Similarly with languages. 04:52 Some people on the committee have made dividers for the table and table ends to keep the books tidy. If it is well organised people don’t feel so overwhelmed by the amount of books and leave. 06:19 The university has decreed that only a certain number of people can be in the Undercroft so there is a crowd control person and people have to queue too, only so many are allowed in at a time. Similarly only so many trestle tables are allowed inside the space so that there is enough room to move and browse either side of the aisle. 07:44 Managing the queues at the cash desks is also a fine art. Plastic fencing is used to keep the queue visible and tidy. There are a lot of people whose job is to add up the boxes and give people a docket to take to the cashier which is more efficient. People pay by cash or by EFTPOS. A power cut would be a disaster if the EFTPOS machines wouldn’t work as people expect to be able to pay this way. 09:47 Personal cheques are not encouraged as there have been cases where cheques have bounced. With EFTPOS people get a receipt. Some people also want to have a hand written receipt for tax purposes. 11:17 Track 4 00:00 The books are priced in pencil on the inside cover. Paperback fiction is priced at a third of the retail price, say approx. $6 if it looks new. It is harder to adhere to this rule with the downturn in the book shop market and the advent of pop-up bookshops. Another concern is the advent of Kindles and iPads which enable the use of e-books. 03:07 Paperback fiction is never priced too high. Reference books need more specialist knowledge as to whether they are set books or not. 03:58 There is a section of rare and valuable or old and valuable books which usually sell out first. It is important for people to have complete sets of books. Their knowledge is priceless for the running of the book sale. Surplus paperback fiction can be placed on this table as these books are normally sold out by Sunday lunchtime. 05:08 The sale is carefully monitored for people who might be trying to alter the price or do something dodgy. If a book is priced into double figures it is best to have that price written in words and numerals (i.e. $10 ten dollars). 06:07 There is no cross-referencing system of the pricing such as a typed catalogue of the books on sale. This might be done for some categories in the future. Rosalind does make a note in her notebook of unusual items that come in and what price they are sold for. 07:07 Some books come into the sale every year such as A Fortunate Life which is very popular. Unusual books or ground-breaking books retain their value. 08:13 To do a guide list or catalogue would be a huge job but this might happen if more books are sold online. Save the Children Australia would like to do this. This might widen the book sale audience to the whole of Western Australia. 10:53 People enjoy coming to the book sale as they enjoy visiting the UWA campus. It has become a tradition. Coffee is available during the week at the Hackett Hall Café. A recent innovation within the last 15 years has been the tent set up by a northern suburbs scout group who sell sausages and beverages at the weekend during the book sale. This has added to the atmosphere. The book sale volunteers also use this service. 14:12 When the book sale started it wasn’t over as many days. (In fact in 1970 it was over 2 days). Opening on a Friday night has been very popular. 15:00 There is a special category of children’s books which are very carefully sorted into age group. There are priced realistically. 15:55 Only magazines are priced at 50 cents each as it is too difficult to cope with the change so most of the books are priced in whole dollars. 17:10 Half price day is on Tuesday. On Wednesday (the final day) there is a special offer of so much for a box of books. It is preferable to clear the stock rather than have to take boxes of books back to the depot. 18:10 In the future they may be a special day or time set aside for a children’s book sale. The main problem is space. The consensus now is to make do and things that can’t be fitted into the space must be sold elsewhere. 19:07 They receive a lot of ephemera such as theatre programmes. These are difficult to price, display and sell so much of this is taken to specialist book fairs in the Perth metro. 20:36 One or two members sell books at a stall at the Hyde Park Festival. These are generally books that they have an oversupply of. 22:12 Track 5 00:00 Publicity is not an easy task. There is internal publicity within UWA. Posters are also sent to the local libraries and dropped off at the State Library. They are sent to the local papers. There are also paid advertisements sent to some publications to ensure that something is advertised with all the days and times. 03:30 Visiting celebrities such as Amanda Muggleton have been photographed to advertise the sale while promoting their own show. 04:03 For 5-6 years, the ABC has broadcast live from the book sale on Saturday morning. They talk about it in the week leading up to it. Even before this, Peter Holland would promote it on the afternoon session. 05:53 They try to have a Publicity Officer as this is such an important aspect to the success of the book sale. It is a skill. Using the internet has become an important aspect today. There have to be public interest stories to capture the imagination. 06:54 People who drop off books are given notices to take away to promote the sale. The artwork for the leaflets used to be done by Kyra Edmonds’ granddaughter. Cara’s daughter Margaret Setchell and her husband Paul have been supporters and or office bearers over the years. 08:23 There is a SCF Committee with a President, Vice President, Treasurer, Secretary and general committee members. Not everyone on the committee all the time would be totally hands-on with the sale. 10:37 Save the Children has a manual which the WA branch has adopted by degrees that covers advice on volunteers. Prior to that much of their business was based on the constitution for the Tuart Club which gave guidelines for the AGM, the auditing etc. 11:28 There was an exercise book where procedures and tips on running the book sale were written down. This has now been typed up. After the sale there is a debriefing session. At this time the Secretary will ask the University if the event can be run again next year and sends out thank you letters. 13:51 There are not formal elections but there is an election and people are asked if they are prepared to stand and new people are nominated to vacant positions. They don’t have a competition for committee places which would entail a ballot. 15:02 Forward planning is considered. Sometimes it is necessary for long-term people to step down from the committee in order to encourage new people to join. 16:00 Not everyone can sort books as the dust is troublesome to their health but there are many other roles. 16:44 Committee members are successfully encouraged to join through advertising in Uniview. They encourage people to come to a meeting to see what goes on and meet people. Sometimes people offer to help at the book sale. 4 or 5 meetings are held each year to plan the book sale on top of the AGM meeting. The meetings are usually held on Tuesday lunchtime at the book house. 19:54 Track 6 00:00 People who have been involved in the Save the Children Fund book sale over the years. 06:33 The booklet written by Sue Graham-Taylor needs updating now. The archives are in a cupboard at the book house. They have been sorted and listed by archivist Wendy Robertson. They probably need to be moved to the UWA campus. 07:59 The money raised by the book sale is given by cheque to head office. For many years they were allowed to nominate projects with which they would like to be associated. Between 1/4 and 1/3 of the money raised is spent in Australia. There are many projects happening in Western Australia. 09:54 Members are welcome to visit SCF projects. The Australian SCF groups now tend to support the Pacific Rim countries rather than Europe. One or two members have been to Lao PDR. 11:40 SCF ran Out of School Care at Lockridge 13:11 There is another project running at Armadale. There have been visits organised to see the work here where new arrivals are cared for while the mothers can learn English. A small group are taken shopping to help with living in a community. There are a lot of projects in the Kimberley or other remote places in WA. 15:02 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e4703d82733b6d19d0a25f689cedc4ee.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/646bb7fcb2dac46afca305f12e3d1f7b.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/08507299d589a645045177c933cc1d7e.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/59c750c57eb11e105fc94a5d600f7b31.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f8040f0bf403529e7f3e5d7852eff864.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 1, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/60fc7d0a85a5e637bd17765e69354e32.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/56823c8973a9b83e4dddefacf5603e1e.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/09c6df0f1bc39749d5b03090dad39f14.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/00f9ea730af1ccffa71afc9b971359c2.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d37c6e39a36e934f5c7b9aaa701bef29.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 2, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/98ee469d0d2389a66d409ee3f41f720a.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 2, Track 6</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rosalind Lindsay interview, 15 October 2013 and 25 October 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Save the Children Book Sale Description An account of the resource Rosalind Lindsay was born in England in 1935 and came out to Sydney, Australia in 1959. She met her future husband, David Lindsay in Camden, New South Wales. They married in 1961 and moved to Perth on 2 January 1967 when David got a job at the Department of Agriculture at UWA. The first interview discusses university housing at Arras Street, Hollywood, the Tuart Club, the Newcomers Committee, study leave and the beginnings of the University Branch of the Save the Children Book Sale. The second interview discusses the Book Sale in more depth. 2014 will mark the 50th anniversary of the Save the Children Book Sale. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lindsay, Rosalind