1 10 84 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Dennis Moore Location The location of the interview North Perth, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 12 minutes, 34 seconds Interview 2: 33 minutes, 24 seconds Total: 1 hour, 45 minutes, 58 seconds Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:32 Track 2 00:00 Dennis Moore born in country NSW in 1937. Parents encouraged him to take a scholarship and he got a place at Kings School, Parramatta. From there he took the mathematics Tripos at Cambridge. Dennis returned to Australia in 1958. 01:31 Track 3 00:00 Returning to Australia aged 21 and needing work, Dennis decided to become an actuary and joined the AMP. Dennis wasn’t there long when he was told that AMP was getting a computer and he was to program it. He spent the next 2 years writing actuarial programs. 02:00 Before the computer they had a room full of young women doing hand calculations. In those days, all office had a comptomotrist who did the accounts by hand. 03:26 The first computer in Australia was built by Trevor Pearcey in about 1947. In the 1950s Sydney University had the SILLIAC computer. Computers were scarce. The first commercial computers in the USA date from about 1953. 04:13 The IBM 650 was used by AMP and MLC insurance companies in Australia. Australia was 4-5 years behind the US. There was a weapons research establishment in South Australia that had a computer as did CSIRO. 04:57 The first electronic computer in the UK was Colossus. It was installed at Bletchley towards the end of the Second World War. Lyons Corner House became the first commercial users of an electric digital computer named LEO in 1951. 06:10 A lot of the early computer manufacturers combined and then gradually disappeared. 06:27 When Dennis was first working the computers were punch cards, tabulators and sorters. The punch card originated in the Jacquard loom in 1801. Herman Hollerith in the 1880s invented the 80 column punch card. This was taken over by IBM. IBM did not get into computing, as such, until the early 1950s. The head of IBM at that time thought that there would only be 10 computers ever built! These would be housed in the major universities. However, the company grew from strength to strength in the computing area. 07:36 Track 4 00:00 After 2 years at the AMP, Dennis decided that being an actuary was not for him and he joined the operations research department at Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR) in Sydney. He used computers extensively and used the SILLIAC computer at Sydney University. IBM had opened a service centre in Sydney and Dennis was able to use this computer. CSR did not have a computer. The project was to optimise the return to the sugar milling industry. 02:13 By this time Dennis was married. A job was advertised to put in the first computer at UWA (and the State). He applied for this and was interviewed by Don Watts (Chemistry) over a few beers at the Metropole Hotel in Sydney. He was offered the job in 1961 but the computer would not arrive on campus until the following year. 03:58 In the meantime, Dennis worked on an IBM 620 machine at Lucas Heights which was the same model as the one to be installed at UWA. 04:30 Dennis arrived in Perth by plane in May 1962. The airport consisted of wooden shacks and was very small and primitive. The couple and their small baby were put up at the Captain Stirling hotel for 2 weeks before moving into rented accommodation. 06:05 The Computer Centre was to be located in the new Physics building. Dennis was the first tenant. The computer room was the only room with air conditioning on campus at that stage. 06:40 John Ross (Psychology) met the couple at the airport. The official title in his new role was ‘lecturer in charge’. He was officially a member of the Maths Department. The computer was to assist other departments. Crystallographers, in particular, were dependent on computing. To compete with overseas research projects, the Engineering and Science faculties needed to have access to computers. The university administration department was also a big user. 09:00 The computer was used 24/7 and people had to book their time slot. The Busselton Survey was done on this computer and CSIRO used it a lot. Engineers from the public service also used it. Outside people had to pay for their time on it. Internal people had a budget for use of the computer so everyone had to pay for it one way or another. 11:11 Dennis reported to the Computer Policy Committee headed by Burkett-Clews. He had used computer in WW2 for range finding. 11:49 The Commerce department took very little interest in computing. 12:24 Track 5 00:00 A university house on Fairway became available. They had 3 children under four so cheap rent was important. There were many young people from the university houses on Fairway and the social life was very good. They stayed here for 5-6 years. Neighbours included Leonard and Elizabeth Jolley. 02:22 Dennis was equal walking distance to campus, University House, Steve’s and the yacht club. 02:45 Dennis was a one man band and got into trouble at home as he worked such unsocial hours. 03:16 Fairway was called ‘Fertility Flats” as most people were in their 20s or 30s. Behind the buildings was an open paddock with sheep used by the Agriculture Department for research purposes. Agriculture was strong as was Chemistry under Noel Bayliss. 04:38 Campus was small. Only 3000 students. Young staff. Fielded a rugby side against the students. The staff played cricket against Jack Mann’s team in the Middle Swan. Dennis played second grade cricket for the university and rugby. 06:39 The university gardens were a tourist attraction. 07:14 The Computer Centre was next to the old Chemistry building. The library was built in the early 60s while Dennis was there. Physics was one of the first extensions from the old stone buildings. It was designed by the Public Works Department. 08:17 Friday night was very vibrant at University House. The Computer Centre staff played the students at cricket. They had parties. Overseas visitors would be taken to the hills and they would have a barbecue. It was a young and social department. 09:57 Track 6 00:00 During the 1970s, Dennis was President of University House at a time when drink driving was 0.08 and the economics of the house started to decline. Dennis pushed for non- academic staff to be made members 01:28 University House was extended and a new dining room was financed with the support of Ken Townsing, the State Under Treasurer who was also on the Senate Finance Committee. Dennis decided to name the new dining room after him which was widely accepted. However, he was rapped over the knuckles for this as decisions of this nature were the province of the University Senate! 02:27 Track 7 00:00 Arrival of the IBM 1620. It was the size of a large desk and installed in the Physics Building. It had been shipped from Brazil and the packaging housed lots of cockroaches. 01:08 IBM engineers helped to install it. They also did routine maintenance. It was a fairly reliable machine. They were common machines in universities throughout America. 01:56 At that stage, IBM gave 60% discount to universities. In 1962, the discounted IBM 1620 cost about £30,000. Computers were expensive. 03:43 Dennis recruited his own staff. He employed a key punch operator. There was a printer and a free standing accounting machine. Staffing was required. PhD students were given jobs for special projects. The first programmer recruited full-time was Colin Jarvis. Dennis approached him in the Great Court. 05:27 Not many people were doing computing at that stage. Training started off later on. The Commonwealth Government ran its own PIT courses. 06:32 The computer held 60,000 decimal words in memory. Programming languages are still used today such as Fortran. It was designed for scientific type programming. If you had to conserve space, then you wrote in Assembly language. 07:30 Dennis ran programming courses for the staff and students. 07:52 Pressure for using computers had exploded and there was a new round of Commonwealth government funding in 1967. The IBM 1620 was used from 1962-1967. It was kept after a new computer was bought and was finally given to the Observatory at Bickley. 09:14 Federal money was given for computing and it was decided to buy a computer from a small company in Massachusetts. It was the first commercially produced time sharing machine allowing multiple users. This was the DEC PDP 6. They put out to tender and the Computing User Group talked to the sale people. 12:05 They were able to run research equipment directly into the computer and share that time with other users who had machines hitched to it. 12:34 The power was able to cope with the computer. The 1620 was transistorised. Valves had gone. SILLIAC and the 650 were valve machines as was Colossus. 13:35 Dennis spent a lot of time helping the research students. He co-supervised the first PhD in computing by Colin Jarvis. There was no time to do personal research and the rewards were not there. 15:25 By the mid-60s, UWA had caught up with the rest of the world in the computing age. The PDP 6 gave them a huge fillip. 17:01 Track 8 00:00 Staff mainly recruited from amongst the graduate students. There were many female programmers such as Roz Fisher and some Asian students. 01:46 Dennis upset UWA again when he attempted to appoint programmers who had TAFE qualifications but not degrees. He invented a new position called Data Processing Officer. 02:34 Dawn Drysdale was the first key punch operator and the first employee. 03:25 Dawn was a good cricketer. An Oxford professor who visited was treated to a picnic and social cricket match in the National Park. Dawn opened the batting and played a cover drive that might have been the envy of Neil Harvey. 04:51 Track 9 00:00 The Computer Policy Committee was persuaded to support the purchase of the PDP 6 by Burkett-Clews. He and Dennis researched the computer in America. 02:00 The computer cost in the regional of $250,000 02:43 IBM were upset that they didn’t win the tender. The General Manager of IBM Australia suggested that Dennis was incompetent and that he should be dismissed. Burkett-Clews paid this absolutely no attention and backed Dennis to the hilt. 05:44 The PDP 6 arrived by air. It took a while to get it going. There was an acceptance period which is similar to the warranty period today. There were odd glitches as it was a new machine. 07:51 This computer was much larger than the IBM 1620– about the size of 4-5 very large fridges in rows. This was installed in a separate room to the IBM 1620. 08:45 The computer came with a high precision display and light panel which enabled them to have graphics for the first time. This was due to a donation from BP in return for the Computer Centre writing some software for their maintenance overhauls. 09:50 James Trevelyan in Engineering wrote a flight simulator on it. 10:04 Brian Horan wrote the software for BP. He was an ex bus driver who later did a PhD in psychology who was employed to do this programming. 12:33 Computers were proven to be a useful tool and were used in administration and the engineering and science faculties. But a Professor in Commerce stated that using computers in business was only a passing phase. 13:19 A big project was done with John Jory in the Classics Department to index the Latin inscriptions. This took 2-3 years to complete and was a world first. 15:33 It opened up the eyes of people in the Arts department to how computers might be used to help their research. 16:51 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:46 Track 2 00:00 PDP 6 required more staff. Monte Sala was recruited from the Carnarvon Tracking Station where he was lab manager. He was from Dalmatia. He turned out to natural electronic gifts. 00:51 John Ross was using the graphic display unit in Psychology. He had discovered that moving dots across the screen could be made readable using fewer lights than a traditional display unit. This could be used in advertising or for flight information display in airports. This was named the Betagraph. It was only ever used commercially at the Belmont race track. At the time the university was very naïve in their understanding and practice regarding intellectual property and patent for inventions. 03:07 At the time it was quite novel to have remote terminals linking into the PDP 6. They needed terminals remote from the computer centre to have modems. Sala was able to make modems but he was never able to get Telecom (or the equivalent at that time) to approve this. 03:52 When Dennis was working in government, he mentioned to Sala that he was concerned about security and privacy issues. Sala developed a low cost encryption device supported by the Research Institute of Australia. Dennis went to New York to raise venture capital from Merrill Lynch to get the device developed and marketed. They were placed in the SWIFT network which was the international banking network. 05:14 The major problem with the device was that it was too strong. Pressure was placed on Australia not to allow export of the device. For the time, this device was too strong for the international intelligence agencies. 06:38 Track 3 00:00 As smaller computers came along these became connected to the PDP 6. The Centre was very interested in packet switching and built a packet switching network. Bruce Kirkby was the main driver behind this. His packet switching devices went into various government departments. 00:52 Packet switching is the basis of the world wide web. Small packets of information with addresses and headers on them are sent and they are sent around from computer to computer until it finds the computer that is looking for it. 01:28 It was originally developed for some of the early major US universities such as The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and The California Institute of Technology where research workers wanted to use each other’s computers. Later on, it was taken up in a big way by the US military. 01:51 If you have direct line connection computers then taking out a major switching centre will destroy the communications but with packet switching, you can switch to a different path. The Apernet helped to push this along. This is what is used today. 02:23 Track 4 00:00 In 1968, Dennis was due for sabbatical leave. At the time UWA was servicing more and more government departments and it became obvious that the PDP 6 was not going to be powerful enough to service the community. 00:40 Dennis wanted to experience large computers. Control Data had computers in the CSIRO and they were the ones producing the large computers at this time. Dennis contacted them and he was offered a research position in Palo Alto in California. He worked on developing an online communication program for Stanton Pause between brokers and purchasers of shares to be in some sort of pseudo English. It was enjoyable work. 02:17 The side benefit was that he was working on Stanford Industrial Park and had contact with Stanford Mathematics Department which was then the computing department. He observed the close relationship between a large technological industrial park next to a university and the resulting interaction. The Stanford Research Institute was also in close proximity. 03:07 This area later became Silicon Valley. Dennis was able to play cricket on weekends all over Northern California. At the time, America was suffering heavy losses in Vietnam; Martin Luther King was shot dead as was Robert F Kennedy. 03:58 While Dennis was away the Federal Government had decided to put more money into computing in universities. Large computing centres were to be set up in the cities to service CSIRO and the universities. WA received funding to expand the Computer Centre. At that time, Perth was small enough for people to talk to each but big enough for things to happen. 06:08 Dennis helped to negotiate to buy a large cyber computer. A new wing was built onto the Physics Department to house the new computer and the air conditioning requirements. 07:04 Large remote batch terminals were introduced. By this time, student numbers had increased. The Graduate Diploma was introduced which was the first computer qualification in WA. 08:01 Main Roads, Hospitals, Universities and the Department of Agriculture were all serviced by this Regional Computer Centre [see hand drawn plan]. In time these people got batch terminals and then smaller computers themselves until they installed their own computer systems. 08:43 At this time, hacking was unknown and it was probably almost impossible to get into each other’s systems. 09:50 The economies of scale were workable – compared to the eastern states, UWA’s costs were 50% and they were able to meet the demand. It was run as an almost independent business. 10:41 The two major hospitals (RPH and SCGH) were major users of the computers. It soon became clear that they needed more computer power. They bought their own cyber computers. These were put in with the other computer. They also needed their own programming staff. A deal was negotiated where another wing of the Physics building would be constructed which would be paid for by UWA. This would be leased back for 30 years to the Health Department, after which the building would revert to the university. 12:09 The field of health computing was ripe for new developments in computer technology. In Western Australia every patient had a single number which was the patient master index enabling them to be identified in the WA medical system. This was in the days before Medicare. It was decided to install smaller computers in the hospitals that would have direct online access to the bigger computer. Control Data engineers could not link the smaller computers to the large cyber computer. E-health is still not a reality. 14:43 Track 5 00:00 Dennis was seconded to the Lands Department for 3 months. They were using computers to help draw maps. There was enormous potential for integrating land information systems but the technology was not well enough developed to move forward. 02:07 Dennis thought that Japan would be the next big centre of computer technology. He studied Japanese for 2 years before taking a Sabbatical in Tokyo (1977-78). He realised that the Japanese computer industry was imitative rather than novel. 04:30 On returning to Australia, Denis realised that computing was changing and the Regional Computer Centre would eventually decline as agencies became independent. 05:44 Dennis got a secondment to Government Computing for 3 years and then decided to become permanent and he resigned from UWA in 1978. He was also frustrated by the fact that UWA told him that he was not allowed to do any research. Dennis feels that UWA did not fully appreciate some of the unique things the University Computer Centre was doing at the time. 06:50 Don Watts and Dennis had been keen to set up a Technology Park in Perth. Perth was not a place that was driven by technological development and even UWA placed more emphasis on agriculture rather than technology. Don Watts became director of WAIT when Dennis was working in Treasury. Technology Park was developed in the pine forest opposite Curtin. 09:40 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/68bd96b28f431967de65c32f54debf3d.mp3">Moore, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/306b80de357ac5d881a3ad1ee01ec505.mp3">Moore, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f9d55bcd37969b496d1a3348ad32962e.mp3">Moore, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5940ce57302f50e154165d440e165403.mp3">Moore, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/ff6ff156eeca9da012d028e06132eec7.mp3">Moore, Interview 1, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b889f75a3a66d9d6cdc1b8da856b4a6e.mp3">Moore, Interview 1, Track 6</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/73694799943e9e65fce6746a6304a246.mp3">Moore, Interview 1, Track 7</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/20331ccabcafc44e01ae78ea6a72e8fd.mp3">Moore, Interview 1, Track 8</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b9e246d34310364516abb679a076e456.mp3">Moore, Interview 1, Track 9</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5463ca879af5441af9ad775ae113c033.mp3">Moore, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1091df0b0b196399a54127f45f2e396a.mp3">Moore, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/2c473249746e45c3f6f3072d02a92ec9.mp3">Moore, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8d1f0b9fc6a7aad20ac0751606c8cfd3.mp3">Moore, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/7ffd0f438caaf8945519f27f56a9fe95.mp3">Moore, Interview 2, Track 5</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dennis Moore interview, 5 July 2013 and 12 July 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Engineering; History of computing Description An account of the resource Dennis Moore was born in Goulburn, New South Wales, on 5 April 1937, he won a scholarship to Kings School, Parramatta. He later won the Broughton and Forrest Exhibition, a scholarship given to ex-students of King's School to qualify to attend Oxford, Cambridge or Durham University. Dennis graduated from New College, University of Oxford, with an honours degree in mathematics. He arrived in Perth in 1962 to become head of the new Computing Centre at UWA. He later became the inaugural director of the Western Australian Regional Computing Centre (WARCC). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moore, Dennis Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder: University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Joyce Billings Location The location of the interview Swanbourne, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 37 minutes, 55 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Wednesday 19 June 2013 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:47 Track 2 00:00 Full name Joyce Gertrude Billings (nee Gardiner) born in 1928. Attended a high school for girls. In 6th form Joyce was encouraged to go to London University – Royal Holloway College for women near Windsor forest. Joyce lived on campus and met other women doing all sorts of different subjects. 02:15 After 3 years Joyce stayed on and did another year of research. She was then encouraged to go to Cambridge. 02:37 Joyce won a small amount of money and was able to attend as the food and tuition was almost free. 03:18 During the vacation she did some farming work to get more pocket money. Once a term the ladies might visit London and have tea out. 03:52 There were male lecturers but no male students until right at the end of her time there when some male physics students were admitted. 04:29 Track 3 00:00 Joyce went to Girton College in Cambridge and worked with Professor Bondi the astrophysicist for two years. Joyce had met Alan in London and he got a job in Cambridge. They married in 1953 while Joyce was still at Cambridge. 00:49 The couple moved to Bristol in 1954 and Joyce relinquished academia in order to look after her family. 02:38 Alan was a lecturer in electronic engineering at Bristol for about 6 years. 03:16 Alan was looking at two jobs in the Commonwealth – one in Canada and one in Australia. He was offered the job at UWA and took it. They expected to come to Perth for only 2-3 years while the children were small. 04:20 This was all done by correspondence. There was enormous growth in Australian universities at the time. The Electrical Engineering and Electronic section of the engineering department at UWA was developed at the time. Alan saw opportunities here to continue his research as well as lecturing. 05:12 The family arrived by sea. The journey was an adventure. They had places that catered for the children so they were able to have some time on their own. 05:43 The furniture was sent in a large wooden crate on another boat. 06:14 Joyce arrived in October. The heads of department had given them some of idea of what Australia was like but they thought the house in Fremantle looked like English houses. They were struck by the number of bungalows near UWA, the spaciousness and the straight roads and the trees. 07:28 It took them a little time to realise that Perth was the only big city in Western Australia 07:45 The Billings family were put up in a house along Monash Avenue – these houses were especially for new people coming to the university. There was another set of accommodation near the University at Parkway. All the new arrivals made friends with each other as did their children. Joyce got to know the mathematicians because people working in the Maths Department lived on both Monash Avenue and Parkway. 09:07 The newcomers came from overseas and the eastern states. A lot of money was put into the universities to attract overseas staff and develop the university. New staff, new research and new ideas. 09:59 The couple saw the campus on the first day as they were met and driven around. The campus was very small and centred around Winthrop Hall. It was a very short walk to campus from Monash Avenue. New departments were being built and UWA was growing rapidly in the early 60s. 11:15 Track 4 00:00 Kings Park was very sandy but it was bush where SCG Hospital is now. The children went to school along the road and Joyce was able to lecture at UWA safe in the knowledge that the children could be looked after by other families along the road if she was going to be late home. 01:00 There were gaps in the Maths Department and Joyce was available so it was easy for her to get part time work when they realised she could teach Applied Mathematics. When she became permanent she was requested to provide a CV and a reference from Cambridge. 02:34 The Mathematics Department had been going for a long time. The first book in Applied Maths that Joyce read was by Professor CE Weatherburn from London who had then moved to Perth. The Department was split into Applied Mathematics, Pure Mathematics and Statistics. 04:20 Applied Mathematics is more about how things work. There were parallels to Applied Maths and Physics, Chemistry and Engineering. Joyce taught Electrical Engineering students applied mathematics. 06:52 There were 3 women in the maths department. The women were working in the lower levels. The department was very social. Morning and afternoon tea was very social but mathematics was also discussed. 08:49 The engineering men were very well behaved especially as Joyce donned her gown for lectures. Later on staff and students dressed much more informally. 10:06 It was mainly male students. Alan Billings allowed girls in as students and appointed women staff. There was a bit of resistance to allowing women to progress at one stage. 10:50 Maths was in the administration building where the Vice Chancellor is housed today (2013). Then they moved to the Arts Buildings for about 4 years until a purpose built maths building was erected. Joyce enjoyed meeting the arts staff. In the early days, there was enormous interaction between the different faculties and staff as the campus was a lot smaller. 13:04 Track 5 00:00 One morning there were vibrations during morning tea and they had to run out of the building. This due to the Meckering earthquake in October 1968. 01:30 Joyce was teaching applied mathematics in the Geology Department during the moon landing in 1969 – she decided to stop the lecturer to watch it with the students on the television. 02:38 The Vietnam War caused some concern on campus. Generally political events did not have any impact on UWA although people would talk about what was going on. 03:41 Joyce and Alan had a marvellous social life with the new arrivals. In the evenings they ate together or had parties. They kept up these friendships. 05:34 They thought that they would only stay for 2 years but they enjoyed it so much that they stayed as they were so happy with the climate and the opportunity. 06:11 Visiting academics would often be home stayed and entertained by staff. Fred Hoyle was treated to a picnic by the river and a party at Joyce’s house. Everyone met him – including the students. Students were invited to parties with the staff. The classes were smaller and the tutorial group was normally no more than 10 students. 07:33 Track 6 00:00 Being a woman in the university – married women not considered eligible to teach apart from tutorial teaching. Head of Department encouraged Joyce to apply for a permanent position. 01:16 Becoming a senior lecturer required that you had done some research. The Head of Department pushed this through for Joyce. 01:53 Track 7 00:00 Reflections on coming to Australia and working and living around UWA. 00:41 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a01c3b16338fd18cc1f6e4c7649e5292.mp3">Billings, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/36e14fe2e7144fc2ff255cdf8910be99.mp3">Billings, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b95901fd90e9b47e1f4b5abb14f9a712.mp3">Billings, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/bd4bb8de2744fce1b5188754f9ffc68d.mp3">Billings, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/4d32ebf5152ea2347f8d5a206c038177.mp3">Billings, Interview 1, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/3b29a1e3c8498a1e0a15903d5594fd62.mp3">Billings, Interview 1, Track 6</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/eb182566b028a4cfe0c1d56444623e5a.mp3">Billings, Interview 1, Track 7</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Joyce Billings interview, 19 June 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Electrical engineering; mathematics Description An account of the resource This is an interview with Joyce Billings. She was born in 1928 at Romford, Essex, and attended Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham Hill, Surrey (1945-1949). She met Alan Billings in London. Alan (born 1925) lived in Woolwich, London and was studying electrical engineering. Joyce did her PhD in Cambridge under Professor Herman Bondi, completing this in 1953. Joyce and Alan married in London in 1953. They moved to Bristol in 1954 as Alan obtained a job as Lecturer in Electrical Engineering at the University of Bristol. Joyce worked as a temporary maths teacher. In 1959, the couple and their three small children moved to Perth where Alan took the position of First Chair of the Electrical Engineering Department at UWA. Joyce taught in the Mathematics Department at UWA 1960-1978. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Billings, Joyce Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral history Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Bannister, John Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Andrich, David Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 52 minutes, 1 second Interview 2: 54 minutes, 58 seconds interview 3: 53 minutes, 54 seconds Total: 2 hours, 40 minutes, 53 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 Memories of childhood education and university studies. Atmosphere of UWA and friendships. 00:09:27 Thoughts of becoming a teacher. Bonded to the Education Department. Studying 3 years and a Dip Ed. 00:11:50 Sense of community at UWA. University as full time work - a social scene and a study experience. Memories of Prosh. Methods of teaching, study and collaborative learning. 00:17:05 Changes to the system of university life. Employment and the university term. 00:25:10 Inspirational people. Comparisons to Oxford and Cambridge. 00:34:10 Sabbatical system. Memories of leisurely atmosphere on joining staff in 1968. 00:43:04 Emphasis on research at UWA. Political machinations of university administration. Interview 2 00:00:00 The running of the University overall. Expansion of the 50s-70s. Research culture. 00:09:00 The centre of academic excellence in the state. Promoting the university. 00:16:00 The community and lifestyle at UWA. Creative and academic freedom. 00:20:09 Bureaucracy and the staff student relation. Industrialisation of University. 00:30:00 Variable and the Rasch Model. Findings and views of the enterprise. 00:38:53 PhD. Internationalsing. Research funds. 00:49:00 Competition and inventiveness. Globalisation of universities and competition on a local and international scale. Interview 3 00:00:00 Travel insights. 00:05:36 Health and educational assessment of writing in Australia. 00:10:00 Second example of travel insight. Waiting for a train. Department of marketing. 00:15:02 Understanding the Rasch Model. Outlining work experiences. 00:22:36 Defensiveness in the academic world and the ordered categories. Sociology of knowledge. 00:32:40 Philosophy and sociology of science and measurement. Changes in dynamics between teachers and students. 00:37:10 Student client relationship. Objectifying the experience of study. Online lectures and learning. University has become more industrialised. Fees and opportunity costs. 00:40:09 Elevated consciousness of teaching and of research output. University rankings and research. 00:45:27 Personal role at UWA today, reflecting on UWA experience. 00:53:53 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f7ecf61b4a45cf0ad877994ebf7411e2.mp3">Andrich, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5c02886a5d4500d7bf52060de579c008.mp3">Andrich, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0e46182c048c8d9d7faef2e7062f525c.mp3">Andrich, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource David Andrich interview, 31 July 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Education Description An account of the resource This is an interview with Professor David Andrich. Born in Midland he became a student at the University, bonded to the Department of Education to study teaching. After completing his degree he taught in public schools before returning to the university as a lecturer. He talks of the fond memories that he has of the university from his student days and recalls the sense of community that he enjoyed as a member of staff. He looks back at the way in which teaching and research has been altered by changing work and administration loads while outlining the privilege of his career at the university. Professor Andrich has expertise in measurement and standards and is a world renowned education expert. He talks at length of his extensive research and work in the area of Statistics and testing models and discusses a number of his publications in these areas. He focuses particularly on his study and work with the Rasch Model outlining its use in a number of areas of statistical research. He has conducted research at state and national level in certification and selection into tertiary education. He has been Chapple Professor of Education at The University of Western Australia since 2007. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Andrich, David Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 31 July 2012 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder: University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral history Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Leonard Burrows Location The location of the interview Claremont, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 45 minutes, 54 seconds Interview 2: 38 minutes, 32 seconds Total: 1 hour, 24 minutes, 26 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by JKW 00:36 Track 2 00:00 Leonard Ransom Burrows. Grandfather’s name and background. Move to London and then Sheffield. Leonard’s mother was born in Sheffield as was he. Grandfather died in the flu epidemic after the First World War. 03:44 Educated in Sheffield. Won a scholarship to Sheffield University. Called up for the army after the first year at uni in 1941. 05:00 Born 1921 so went into the army aged 20. 05:26 Scarborough, Kent and then Egypt via SS Mexico for Port Said. 06:56 Cairo and the Western Desert. Rommel and General Montgomery. Celebrated his 21st in the Western Desert. 08:19 Took part in the 2nd battle of El Alamein in October 1942. 09:06 Leonard was in the Royal Artillery as a gunner signaller. 10:08 Rommel retreated and the army followed him up the coast of N Africa. Was in N Africa for a year and prepared for the invasion of Italy. 11:03 In September 1943 the army embarked for Sarlerno and occupied it. Then they began moving up towards the north of Italy. 12:05 Captured by the Germans and spent the rest of the war in a prison camp. 13:20 After the war, Leonard returned to England in May 1945 and given an early release into civilian life as an ex student who hadn’t completed his degree. Leonard finished his BA degree in 1947. He wrote his MA thesis on Charles Dickens. He finished this in 1948. 14:37 Married in August of 1948. Awarded the William Noble Fellowship at Liverpool University. 15:03 July 1949 - awarded position of Senior Lectureship at UWA which he accepted. 16:03 Professor Knights at Sheffield University was a Cambridge graduate and he met Professor Allan Edwards from UWA while at Cambridge. Harry Thompson had died and Prof Edwards wrote to various people including Professor Knights requesting applicants for the job. 17:34 Arrived in Fremantle on a wet, windy day in July 1949. 18:30 Put up at the Captain Stirling Hotel and then found somewhere to live in Subiaco. After a couple of months in Subiaco they moved to a concrete built University house in 1950. 20:11 The new house was in Parkway, Nedlands. 20:47 In around 1951, Leonard gave talks for schools broadcasts and on the Woman’s Hour. Woman’s Hour was run by Catherine King who was married to Leonard’s colleague, Alec King. She was also the daughter of Walter Murdoch, ex Professor and Vice Chancellor. 21:46 Track 3 00:00 Mrs Burrows returned to England for a few months as she was home sick. 00:24 First son born in 1954. In 1956 they went to England on study leave where another son, Tim, was born. In October 1957, they moved to Claremont. 01:09 Study leave entitlement after 6 years work at UWA. 02:19 Their daughter was born in 1958. 02:27 Leonard did not want to stay in England. His wife settled in better as well and they both became used to being ‘Australian’. 03:19 Impressions of Perth. 05:39 Impressions of UWA sketchy – more involved in getting to work. 06:12 The English Department was beginning an enormous expansion due to the CRTS Scheme (Commonwealth Reconstruction Training Scheme). Ex services people given allowances and scholarships to come and study. 07:11 Expansion of numbers in the university and particularly in the English department. 200-250 people attended English 1 lectures. English considered a necessary subject. 08:11 There was money available for staffing. It was a small department when Leonard arrived – Professor Edwards, Alec King, senior lecturer/reader, David Bradley and Jeana Tweedie. Leonard took Harry Thompson’s place (who was the Old English teacher). 09:25 Leonard lectured on Browning but lectured on most things as time went on (except for Old English). 09:41 Composition and structure of the English course in 1950s. It wasn’t so much historical as much as how to study English. First years studied poetry, the novel and drama. 11:25 2nd years read more drama and 17th century poetry. It might be anything in the 3rd year such as a Victorian novel. 12:05 This idea was picked up by Allan Edwards in Cambridge. It was deliberately intended to be different. Leonard had to learn what they wanted. 13:17 Jeana Tweedie was a drama specialist as was David Bradley and keen on producing student plays. The teachers also read poetry and sang songs to the students. 14:41 The students particularly loved the poetry readings and folk songs. 15:09 There was no Dolphin Theatre but places were made into a theatre. A building that belonged to Chemistry was turned into a theatre. 16:11 English lectures were held in a newly built wooden lecture more or less located where the Sunken Garden and the Art Gallery are now. 16:52 Leonard’s office was in the main building upstairs. The French lecturer was next door to him. 17:37 More rooms were built near the lecture theatre when they needed more space. They all disappeared long ago. Some Education faculty people were here as well. Classes were held in the wooden building as well. These class rooms held about 20 students. 18:56 Tutorials were held in their rooms with up to 12 students. Novels or poetry would be discussed in a smaller group. It was an essential part of the Edwards theory. 21:46 Examinations were also held. These were more work for the lecturers. 22:48 Not everybody wanted to work in this way. Some other Arts faculty people such as the French lecturer found this too avant garde. 24:08 Track 4 00:00 Conclusion by JKW 00:18 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by JKW 00:36 Track 2 00:00 Discussion of The Critic. First issue in 1961. 02:05 Discussion of lack of staff facilities for eating and drinking. Establishment of first staff house in a University house in Cooper Street, Nedlands in 1950s. A staff house was eventually built in the 1960s opposite Riley Oval. Added to social life. 06:43 Discussion of new staff house – the UWA Club. Leonard still invited mostly for his birthday party on 18 August. 08:33 Common rooms in Arts Building. 10:09 The new Arts building. Other language departments. Leonard’s room faced Riley Oval and the new staff house. 12:12 English department office and secretaries. Gloria Greer. Louise Visvikis. 14:56 Track 3 00:00 Writers in residence as staff. Dorothy Hewitt. Peter Cowan. Randolph Stow 01:25 Change from terms to semesters. 02:28 English courses. English 1. Short stories, novels, poetry and drama. 04:00 Special English 1 course established to accommodate requests from Education Department, Medical Faculty and Law Faculty. 08:10 The old library. Miss Wood the librarian. Furniture donated by estate of Joseph Furphy. 10:25 Leonard Jolley and the new Reid Library. 11:30 Toby Burrows, medieval historian gets job in Reid Library. 13:40 Lunch at the staff house with Leonard Jolley and others. 13:55 How has the university changed? Bigger, harder, more concerned with money, prestige. How can we be the best? D H Lawrence, The Rocking Horse Winner. 15:36 Leonard retired in 1986. University now very commercial. Comments on Chancellor, Michael Chaney. 16:33 Track 4 00:00 Overseas students not so prevalent in the English department. 00:53 Research – problems of trying to teach and do research. Promotion and research money. 02:30 Discussion of role of Vice Chancellor in touting for business. Discussion of former Vice Chancellor Robson. Working for local council amalgamation. Discussion of Bigger and Better. Throwing money at problems. 06:04 Discussion of setting up of Murdoch University in 1974. UWA still the main university in Perth that everyone wants to go to. 07:03 Track 5 00:00 Conclusion by JKW 00:10 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d12cc688ad3e4ad62ecd1cd38c5c7461.mp3">Burrows, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/42132fc0d6b95abad5b5d7a81150a924.mp3">Burrows, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/717e786213c0b8da28de1ca41399bfab.mp3">Burrows, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/25c29f54c1abdf7be0501f1395ece44d.mp3">Burrows, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8a27398db08f503390bfd2a32f77d263.mp3">Burrows, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d905203496155c6523d3c4b6720a4bba.mp3">Burrows, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/265d6456729eb204f40afb28f40a125f.mp3">Burrows, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e26221499a68844a46c7244d94115683.mp3">Burrows, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a99776aef1f20d473dbe244d9929a812.mp3">Burrows, Interview 2, Track 5</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Leonard Burrows interview, 13 September 2012 and 20 September 2012 Subject The topic of the resource English literature Description An account of the resource Leonard Burrows joined the UWA English Department in 1949 (from the UK) and stayed until his retirement in 1986. He taught the introductory poetry and fiction course for much of that time. His main area of expertise is 19th century literature, and he published a book on Browning and another on the 18th century Augustan poets. He also sang folk songs and participated in poetry readings. He served on the Board of the UWA Press and the Festival of Perth Film Festival. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Burrows, Leonard Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral history Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Lawrie Beilin Location The location of the interview Perth, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 50 minutes, 38 seconds Interview 2: 51 minutes, 39 seconds Interview 3: 36 minutes, 53 seconds Total: 2 hours, 19 minutes, 10 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00:00 Lawrence Joseph Beilin born in London 1936. London Jewish Hospital, Stepney. Born in the sound of Bow Bells. Schooling London MBS 1959. Opening eyes to research Hampstead Hospital. House Officer and Senior House Officer. Sir John Michael. Hypertension and related problems. Colin Dollery. Ormond Street Paediatrics clinical practice. Interest in Paediatrics and research. Kings College lecturer. Memories of John Anderson. Douglas Monro teaches experimental methods. 00:04:55 Getting into medicine. Interest in performing on the stage. Shyness. Personal teachers at Kings College. Father wants to be a Doctor. Role models and sentient human beings. Mentors inspire. Listening to people. Class structure in London, minorities. Development to teaching and research. 00:13:00 Research Monro integrity. Research with patients, responsibility as junior residents. Training. Differences to Australia. Experience outside of Britain. Experiences of Los Angeles. Postgraduate medical school. Reader Professor of Medicine at Oxford University. George Pickering. 00:21:20 Writing clearly. Richard Doll epidemiologist, links with lung cancer. Richard Pito and Chris Redmond – work on preeclampsia. Career structure in England. Job in cardiology at Canada. Memories of Oxford. Bringing up children. Dennis Wade and coming to Perth. Bruce Armstrong. Jim Patterson. 00:26:55 Reputation of UWA in the 1970s. Austin Doyle on Perth and development potential. Opportunity to set up a new department. Charles Gairdner Dick Joske. Chairs and academic staff. Leaving Oxford. Jewish community in Perth. 00:32:15 Community. Raine study and research funding. Cardiovascular Centre and funding NHMRC grants. Bob Vandongen and laboratory research. 00:36:00 Directions. Setting up good research, population research. Advancing medical practice. Understanding high blood pressure. Understanding and treating cardiovascular disease. 00:38:15 UWA research community. Bruce Armstrong, vegetarians, high blood pressure. John Mathews, stroke and drinking. Seventh Day Adventists and health. Grants and data studies. PhD Student Peter Arkwright. Alcohol and blood pressure. Ian Puddey and low alcohol consumption. 00:43:20 Collaborating with John Mazeri. The high level of clinical facilities at RPH vs Radcliffe infirmary. Comparison of RPH Laboratory, clinical services, Post graduate training standard to Britain. Modest research conditions. Getting good clinical research going with Armstrong. 00:45:35 Student numbers and mentorship. Staff had more time to teach. Administration and other pressures. Major issues and other changes. IT and personal secretaries. Nurturing of students at UWA. Neuromuscular, Lions, WAMA and Children Institute. Growth and academic appointments. Fremantle, Sir Charles Gairdner Royal Perth. Democratised personal Chairs. Track 2 00:00:00 The academic centre learning and research. Interaction with departments. Isolation academically in the 1970s and 1980s. Armstrong. Collaboration. Major changes in departmental level. Public health and population health. Active research nationally and internationally. Matt Newman. The Busselton Study Raine study. 00:03:46 Bes- known medical studies coming out of Australia. Increase in size and reputations across Australia and internationally. Increasing cross faculty collaboration and growth. Agriculture and medicine. State government funding for diabetes and obesity. WAIMR. Randomised control trials. Major collaboration and major funding. Collaboration results in good research. 00:06:50 NHMRC, research funding, CSIRO, WAIMR. Encouragement of collaboration, reduction of research. International universities and financial incentives. Reputation of agriculture, medicine and chemistry. 00:09:00 Major changes and research growth. International standing and travel. Sharing knowledge, networking. Encouraging students’ work. Mutually supportive, collaboration in Hypertension. WA physically isolated. 00:13:20 Increase and acceleration of UWA’s position in 1990s and 2000s. Bruce Robinson and mesothelioma. Ian Constable and the Lions Institute. The Children’s Institute and Fiona Stanley. Immunological research has high reputation. Dawkins, Bren Christianson, Martin French. Murdoch University. Parochial issues. Institute growth. Lions Eye and Children’s Institute and Neuromuscular Research Institute. Nigel Laing. 00:16:44 Personal research and visits. Hypertension and vegetarianism. Salt, obesity, alcohol. Vegetarian and blood pressure. Bruce Armstrong. Population study and Seventh Day Adventists. Ian Rouse and Mormons. Randomised controlled diets. Dash diets. 00:21:56 Vegetarianism and blood pressure. Argon and amino acid. Research, publication and recognition. Barry Burke. Consensus meetings. WHO. Involved in guideline publications. National guidelines. 00:27:15 Growth of personal research. The culture of research has declined. Barry Marshall. Fellowships. Good students and good backgrounds in the 1980s. Gradual development. 00:32:20 Academic appointments. People working together vs. isolation. Postdoctoral involvement and voluntary work. Kevin Croft. Collaboration and biochemistry and John Le Mesurier. Increasing reputation and interest in UWA through the 1980 - 90s. Teaching hospitals Royal Perth Hospital and Charles Gairdner. Promotion and chairs. 00:38:20 Memories of Bruce Armstrong. Michael Hobbs and the public health. Ian Conrad. Max Kamien a controversial figure. University and the rural community. Notre Dame University into the rural community. 00:42:26 Memories of Fiona Stanley and the children’s institute. Aboriginal child health. Pat Hobbs. Acceptance of indigenous people. Impact on undergraduates. Academic research on aboriginal communities. Geriatric medicine. International reputation. Ian Puddey. Peter Dobson. Medical research foundation and possible opportunities. 00:47:00 Translating knowledge - example of the eye institute. Con Michael and the Raine study. Landau, Newnham and Stanley. Raine foundation. Raine committee and broadened research. Research growth Craig Burnell and the Raine study. John Newnham. Hospitals. Track 3 00:00:00 Control and change of curriculum. Resistance of heads of dept. Impressions of drop out rate. Lou Landau. Accreditation of the Medical Department. 00:04:35 Louis Landau and Ian Puddey and the establishment of the medical education facility. Fiona Lake and the advancements of medical education in the state. The relationship of staff in hospital to staff of university. Charles Gairdner relationships strained. 00:09:30 University’s place on the international scale. Barry Marshall and Robin Warren. Neville Stanley’s view of the isolation of Perth and the university. Attracting first class applicants to chairs at the university. Globalisation and ranking. NHMRC success rate has dropped. Competition for funds and attraction of academics to Perth. 00:14:00 Paul Johnson’s views on change. Faculty and the University needs to adapt. Advancing knowledge. The push forward of the University. Fiona Stanley and the Children’s Institute. Marketing, publicity. Ian Constable and the Lions Eye Institute. Alan Robson’s legacy, Paul Johnson. Smith and his foresight of funds. The campus and biomedical research. 00:20:55 Other important people. The management of the RAINE research funds. The renewal of first class researchers. WAIMR relationship and opportunity. Government investment funding. Other obstacles. Competitiveness and amalgamation. 00:24:35 Order of Australia Medal. Fantastic collaboration. Kevin Croft, Trevor Mori, Dan Barden, Kay Cox, Jonathon Hobson. Ian Puddey Dean of the Faculty. Bruce Armstrong, John Mazeri. Other important people Alex Cohen and John Stokes. Collaboration of the teaching side. Valerie Burke, Dick Joske, Ian Rouse. Anyone who gets an AO is underpinned by others. 00:28:00 University’s prime focus on education going out into the world. Encouraging younger people. Working with the orderlies and staff. Career encompasses many things. Reflections. 00:34:30 Looking forward and prospects for the university. Thoughts about ranking. Being amazed at what is going on. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/64b70074a45d0b9c32b45cd3dca2f59b.mp3">Beilin, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/044f41dcc95f14c6c5c0c4af76d17b68.mp3">Beilin, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a90e2e179a6ea9a283bf751a20a36ef3.mp3">Beilin, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrie Beilin interview, 18 December 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Medicine Description An account of the resource Emeritus Professor of the University of Western Australia and Emeritus Physician at Royal Perth Hospital, Lawrie Beilin was born in London in 1936. He came to Australia from Oxford with experience in Los Angeles. During the interview he talks of coming to Perth, becoming Professor of Medicine at the Royal Perth Hospital Campus for the University of Western Australia and Consultant Physician at Royal Perth Hospital from 1977 until his retirement from these positions at the end of 2011. Beilin gives his impression of the university that he saw in the late 1970s and speaks at length of the important people associated with the development of the University of WA and its good reputation and current high position in world rankings, including John Newnham, Fiona Stanley, Barry Marshall, Robin Warren and others. He also talks of his personal role models in the early days of his study experience and speaks of how they influenced his thinking and career. He talks of teaching and how he has tried to influence the careers of others. He speaks of the importance of funding to research and discusses examples of successful coordinated studies including the Raine Population Study. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beilin, Lawrie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UWA Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral history Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed John Bloomfield Location The location of the interview Perth, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 52 minutes, 9 second Interview 2: 55 minutes, 21 seconds Interview 3: 30 minutes, 1 second Total: 2 hours, 17 minutes, 31 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00:00 Introduction background information and origins. Kiama. Schooling. Memories of WWII. Isolation in Sydney. Wollongong high school. David Lindsay. Decisions to do physical education. Sydney teachers college. Teaching in Newcastle. National service. Korean War 2nd /2nd battalion. Decided to go to the United States. The 1956 Olympic games. 00:05:50 Sport in the family background. Don Bradman. Memories of Father and uncle. Mother’s support and her nursing career. Sport and inspiration from books. Being a good swimmer. Kiama life saving club. Memories of surf life saving. Saving people in the surf. Hilton Osborne Bloomfield and Francis Hillman Verte. Memories of living near the beach in Kiama. 00:13:30 Involvement at the 1956 Olympics. Surf life saving. Second in the surf race. Wanting to coach swimming. Reading journals in sport science. Getting a Fulbright Fellowship. Going to USA. Primitive Olympics of 1956. Description of the facilities of the 56 games. Training in the rock pool at the beach. Professor Frank Cotton was a famous person. Anti G suit invented by. Memories of being taught by Frank Cotton. Assisted by Forbes Carlisle Group. Teaching self. Writing Knowhow in the Surf. First of its kind written in the world. 00:22:20 Coming to WA for the national Australian Surf Championships. Memories of Perth. Memories of the Crawley Baths. Competing with jellyfish. No knowledge of UWA. Experiences that direct Bloomfield’s career. Getting the idea to go to the United States. The push toward sport science. Comparisons to US training system. 00:30:01 Memories of experiences in Oregon. Biomedical science. Support for Australians in the United States. Masters and PhD in sport science. Teaching qualifications available in Australia. Thoughts of old wives’ tales in sport. Experiences in the United States and developing a scientific bent. Going to Europe. Jim Counsilman and Peter Sigerson. 00:37:44 Going to Europe and coming to Australia. Counsilman and hydrodynamics. Experiences of Poland, Hungary and East Germany. Coaching in the United States. Lack of jobs in Australia. Jack Cross offers a job in Physical Education at University of Western Australia. Not keen on WA. Primitive place Perth. 00:42:40 Talking to Commissioner of Health William Refshauge. Ralph Reader. Alternative views to health in the 1960. Thoughts of UWA reputation. Experience of coming to take up the position as Head of Physical science in UWA. Reg Moir – Prof Underwood and Blakers. No one was interested in sport science. Impressions of UWA in 1967. University’s ranking in Australia. 00:48:40 Sir Stanley Prescott. Exercise and the social and cultural attitudes. Being forced to start a Physical Education Course by Department of Education and Director General of Education Harry Dettman. Track 2 00:00:00 Prescott’s views on PT. Regulations and orders handed down. No sweaty tracksuits. Activity to be conducted at the teachers college. Teachers and academics. Gowns and suits. Prescott’s archaic attitudes. John Birkett Clews. Rugby and Rowing. Prescott’s sporting interest. Training and techniques and interval training in rowing. Improvements in rowing and the Kings Cup. Memories of the America’s Cup team. 00:12:40 Memories if the lectures in the foundation years. Foundation head. New course and scientific direction. Relating to chemistry. Students become young scientists. Benefits of to teaching. Facilities at the school. No physical activities at the Universities. Clews and improvements on the campus. Impressing Prescott and working at the University of Queensland. Sir Zelman Cowen. 00:20:50 Interest in ballet and the beauty of movement. UWA style of program for Queensland. Memories of Sir Zelman Cowen. Pulling in very smart kids from TAE. Building up the school to compare to Physics. 00:24:50 Academics and the Australian sporting emphasis. The development of Physical Education. The importance of the school to other departments. Medical interest in ground breaking findings. Tim Wellborn. Predicting people’s cardiovascular fitness health. 00:32:30 Osteoporosis, calcium and exercise. New thoughts Saskatchewan and Richard Prince. Don Bailey. Sociological aspect to the Sport Science School. Medicine and psychological and mental strength. Sports Psychology. Sandy Gordon. The Olympic games and the importance of sport and Psychology. 00:44:10 Writing the white paper for the Whitlam Government 1972. Making observations from experiences around the world. Making changes with sport. Trying to impress the Liberal Government. Gough Whitlam was very interested in the political importance of sport. Gough Whitlam was not interested in sport. Fraser and Whitlam were unco-ordinated. Ministry of Recreation. 00:50:25 Writing the White Paper as policy for the Australian government. The Montreal games and the poor Australian performance. Ellicott and the new sport system for Australia. Benefits of the White Paper and UWA. Brian Burke and support for sport. Track 3 00:00:00 The advancements seen in the faculty. Field of sport science and the faculty of science. Nationally rated and life science. In front of Ivy league Universities. Alan Robson and his contributions. Personal feelings toward success. Federal funding and performance. Funding comparisons with other universities. UWA and interaction with the new West Australian Universities. Status around Australia. 00:07:05 Notre Dame University and the faculty of health sciences. Things are happening in the west. Sports science laboratory, John Bloomfield award and Hollywood Hospital. State sport policy and the challenge stadium. Brian Bourke. Chairman of the Australian institute of sport. Bob Ellicott and Malcolm Fraser. The Olympics. Other countries have copied the way of the AIS. 00:16:15 People using Australia’s system. The Chinese vs Australia. Peter Shakespeare. Pioneering work and the growth of the Sport Sciences. Author, lecturer and consultant. Sir Stanley Prescott’s views. Being held down. The School Advisory Committee. Aims of the committee. McGillivray Oval. Personal awards and Professor Warren. 00:24:08 Proudest achievements and the students. Life Fellow of Australian Council Health and other awards. Sports medicine and Fulbright Scholar. Coming up with firsts. Sharing of knowledge. Hopes for the future of the department. Needs to be done. Advice and good leadership. 00:30:00 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/7bae745a65c0e37711e049c5ec2bf0e1.mp3">Bloomfield, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/9267132b43023fb242320a29eb1419a5.mp3">Bloomfield, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/76e70372185dee918d056fa3d86ba659.mp3">Bloomfield, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Bloomfield interview, 10 August 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Sport science, exercise and health Description An account of the resource This is an interview with John Bloomfield who came to the University in 1968. He was appointed senior lecturer and head of what was then the fledgling Physical Education Program. During the interview John talks of the path he took to come to the University of WA which included studies in North America where he saw a system of support for sport at the university level that he would apply on his arrival to UWA. He recalls the opinions of Vice Chancellor Prescott about the department and speaks of the instructions he was given by him on his appointment. He discusses his aims for the school and the how the department would grow looking at the teaching and development of the course structure for the new department. The school has been instrumental in work into cardiovascular studies among other areas which have been of major importance to medical and health advancements. He is the author of over 100 scientific papers and a number of books. He was invited to write the White Paper for the Whitlam government in 1972 that would later be adopted as the blueprint for sport systems in Australia. He has chaired numerous sporting bodies including the Australian Institute of sport and the Australian sports commission among others. He relates some of his national and international work including working as Chairman of the Institute of Sport in Australia and Leader of the Sports Commission Delegation to China in 1987. John Bloomfield has numerous awards and honours for his work, included are an Western Australian Citizen of the year 1979 and he received the John Graham Award in 2004. He has an Honorary Doctorate at the University of WA. The John Bloomfield Lecture Theatre at UWA and the John Bloomfield Lecture Theatre at Challenge Stadium are named after him. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bloomfield, John Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Iain Brash Location The location of the interview Shenton Park, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour 5 minutes 23 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour 6 minutes 21 seconds Interview 3: 1 hour 32 minutes 45 seconds Total: 3 hours 44 minutes 23 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction 00:20 Track 2 00:00 Full name and DOB. Scottish family background. 01:29 Parents in London as a direct result of Great Depression. 01:53 William Denny & Brothers Shipyard, Dumbarton. Father then joins Metropolitan Police. 03:00 Mother’s mother was a primary school teacher. Iain’s mother worked in parents’ newsagent and tobacconist shop until she married and moved to London. 03:45 Mother and son moved back to Scotland during Second World War. Iain went to Knoxland Primary School, Dumbarton, Scotland from 1940-6. Very good primary education. 04:36 Lived with grandparents. Father re-joined family after the War. 05:13 Took 11+ examination in England as well as the Scottish equivalent, the Qualifying, just in case the family returned to Scotland. 05:52 The family remained living in Erith, Kent and Iain attended the local grammar school for his secondary education from 1947-1955. A very good school. Excellent teachers in history and English literature. Took a broad range of subjects for “O” level in 1952 aged 16, and 4 “A” level subjects. He also took 2 subjects for Scholarship level (history and Eng Lit). Awarded State Scholarship. 07:20 Had a 3rd year (aged 19) to take Scholarship exams for entry level to Oxford or Cambridge. He was accepted into Balliol College, Oxford which had strong Scottish connections. 08:40 Laid the ground work for his eventual post at UWA. Realised at university studying modern history that he wanted an academic career. Other job options might have been a career at the Bar or as a civil servant or librarian. 11:06 Very good historians at Balliol at the time including his tutor and mentor Christopher Hill, a Marxist historian and Richard Southern, the medieval historian. 11:27 Only 2 public exams at Oxford and then Finals. The colleges maintained their own exams. Iain and 4 others had the best results in the Prelims were invited to enter for one of the university prize essay competitions. Iain wrote an essay for the Gladstone Memorial Prize in 1959. All four won the prizes. 13:08 There was no Honours dissertation at Oxford at the time. Spent his second year doing research as a result of winning the Gladstone prize. A prestigious award and he thinks that it helped him get the post at UWA. 14:45 Gladstone prize winner given the duty of presenting part of this essay at the awards ceremony for conferring of degrees at the Sheldonian theatre. 17:02 Iain was expected to get a 1st but got a 2nd but he thinks winning the Gladstone may have made up for this. 17:52 Did national service in a Scottish regiment. Moving between England and Scotland meant he was turned down for a studentship to do postgrad study. He began to apply for positions abroad and wrote to the Master of the College to ask his advice. He also asked his senior tutor, A B Rogers who had taught Fred Alexander in the 1920s. He was advised to do so and applied for jobs in Queensland and Christchurch, New Zealand. 20:43 Left in summer of 1950 and started looking for jobs in August and asked his college for references. As luck would have it, Fred Alexander at UWA was looking for a Senior Tutor with a 3 year appointment who might then be suitable to be appointed to a lectureship. 23:17 Shortly afterwards Fred Alexander sent Iain a long letter of explanation. 24:11 Iain informed UWA that he was engaged to be married and was sent a cable, with a job offer of 1,500 Australian pounds and a first class fare to Fremantle by ship. 25:28 Further letters then came with advice on what to bring and Mrs Alexander also advised Iain’s wife Elizabeth on what clothes to bring. 26:11 Fred Alexander was on the point of leaving for study leave in India. 26:26 Iain and Elizabeth married on 22 December 1960 and embarked from Tilbury 8 days later on 30th. The arrived into Fremantle on 22 January 1961. 26:47 Iain and Elizabeth did not look beyond the 3 year appointment. It was an adventure but they had no firm plans to stay in Perth. Re-appointments were made every 3 years. 28:01 Track 3 00:00 Arrival into Fremantle early in the morning on a hot Sunday. Met by Frank Crowley (Acting Head of Department) and Robert Orr, lecturer in politics. Almost passed the ship taking Professor Alexander to India in Colombo Harbour. Wrote letter that he tried to send via the purser but the letter did not reach Iain until a month after he arrived. 02:03 Drove them up Stirling Highway. Lots of advertising signage. View of tower of Winthrop Hall. 03:11 Fred Alexander had arranged accommodation for 6 weeks in an apartment at The Mansions, 74 Mounts Bay Road. This cost 8 guineas a week. Frank Crowley thought it was too expensive. 05:19 Waiting at the flat, having set it up for them, was Marjorie Horrocks. 05:36 They were then shown around the campus. Lots of open space and buildings in progress. Superb grounds. 06:56 Fred Alexander had sent the Iain a brochure so he knew what to expect. 07:20 They were also sent a pamphlet by Joe Gentilli which detailed information on the climate. 08:27 Department housed in Chancery building and was a bit cramped. Iain shared a room with another recent arrival, Leslie Marchant who had come back from studying aboard to teach a course in Pacific history. Later Iain shared a room with Peter Reeves, an Indian specialist came in 1963 09:29 Ivo Schoffer was a Dutch historian who taught the first year course in 16th and 17th century Europe. He was located in Fairway. 09:46 Some people in other departments had their rooms in the Tower at Winthrop Hall. It was a period of expansion and they were running out of space to put people. 10:16 Employed (1 to assist John (“Josh”) Reynolds with tutoring for the Tudor and Stuart first year course and after the first term, to take over the organisation of the course; (2) to work with Ivo Schoffer in the early modern course 16th – 17th century and take some tutorials there; (3) teach a joint seminar with Fred Alexander in the third year course on modern history (from French revolution to WWI). An old fashioned course that had been taught for years. 12:00 IB to also give 3 lectures on Italian history in the 19th century and do some work on 19th century British history (Gladstone connection) 12:25 Not long after IB arrived he was also asked to be editor of University Studies in West Australian History. 12:35 Fantastic opportunity to obtain a wide range of experience very rapidly. 13:10 One of the first things IB asked (and detailed in the letter Fred Alexander tried to send via the ship’s purser) was to tutor external students (mainly WA country school teachers). FA had set up a course for them to come into Perth to have lectures and tutorials before school term started. This was to commenced 8 days after IB arrived (and he was informed of this request by Frank Crawley). He was to give a lecture on the main trends in British foreign policy from 1784 to 1914. 15:13 Les Johnson from the Education Department was in charge of the External students. 16:18 Quite a lot of IB’s school curriculum was equivalent of a Perth student’s first two years at university so he was well ahead of the game. 17:02 Did a special subject with Christopher Hill at Oxford on Cromwell and the Protectorate which also helped IB to get the position at UWA. He was not too specialist and had a good general and quite varied background in history. 17:28 In the middle of the year Ivo Schoffer was appointed Chair at Leiden, Netherland and IB took over his course and became a lecturer and took over the running of that course as well. At the end of the year he was made permanent. A pretty rapid promotion. 18:20 This followed a similar pattern for the next few years. Dropped the European history and didn’t do it again. In 1962 the European course wasn’t taught. Then Peter Lavan arrived in 1963 to replace Ivo Schoffer. He was a London graduate. 19:04 Not long after IB, Bert Hallam arrived in 1961. He was a medievalist from Cambridge (his wife Sylvia was an Anthropologist). He became Fred Alexander’s successor. Geoffrey Bolton to a second chair of History as part of the expansion after Fred Alexander retired. 20:06 IB stayed with Tudors and Stuarts until 1966 and worked increasingly with Fred Alexander until he retired. Taught and tutored British history with Fred Alexander and assisted with the Honours course. 20:37 Eventually in 1967 IB had his own course and began teaching his own Honours courses. 20:52 In 1961, the subjects being taught were decided by Professor Alexander. He was a “God” professor. The university at this time was largely run by a small group of professors. In 1961, the Professorial Board was a fairly small body. 21:46 IB a very junior member of the staff but on his first day in the Department he was taken to meet the senior officers of the University – acting Vice Chancellor, Harry Ware; then the Registrar and his deputy and the accountant. Felt very valued and welcomed. 24:14 Track 4 00:00 Many of the students in the early years were mature aged, male and female and part time. They came from all walks of life. 01:33 IB very impressed with some of the younger students who came straight from school. Many went on to have distinguished careers. Hugh Collins. Ian Copeland. Max Harcourt. 03:46 Two lecturers a week and one tutorial. Tutorial sizes at Oxford normally 2 to 1, at UWA it was 6 or 8 to 1. At these tutorials, one of the students would read out an essay. This practice later died out. 04:56 IB thought it was unusual that the teaching programme was published and tutorial topics and reading lists. 06:00 In Oxford it was not compulsory to attend lectures but it was standing room only for lectures by somebody of the calibre of AJP Taylor. 06:27 Discussion of Oxford tutorial system. Papers read by student and commented on but not marked. Learnt how to polish up the essay as you read it out. Always independent research. 08:23 Meant library had to have multiple copies of books. Different teaching environment. It was not the Oxford model but may have been that in Glasgow or Edinburgh. 09:13 Josh Reynolds a famous lecturer. Warden of St George’s College. Very spiritual. Graduate from Adelaide. Lectures held at the end of the Vice Chancery Building. Josh would walk across and start delivering his lecturers as he walked up the stairs to the lecture room wearing his old academic gown. Later gowns were discarded. 11:20 Fred Alexander also had his own style. Had been teaching since 1924. Some of the courses had not changed much in that time. In the years before IB arrived he believes that Fred had been catching up with recent reading. Very dynamic. An important figure both within the University and outside it. 13:08 Track 5 00:00 Conclusion by Julia Wallis 00:16 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:27 Track 2 00:00 Reflection on the 1960s expansion of UWA and the Department of History. Staff coming and going. Went from 6 staff members to around about 20 in a decade. 01:56 Fred Alexander’s foresight and pre-planning. 02:33 Changes to the Honours course over the years. 1960 new implementation for 1962 to move to 2 year programme of Honours and what the course entailed. Seminars ran over 5 terms. 07:10 Staff study leave issues. 08:11 Seeds developed by Fred Alexander and Frank Crowley. 08:47 1961 Fred Alexander future planning for the department. Separate department for Political Science with its own Chair. 09:48 FA also outlined more funding for senior tutors and areas that needed development such as Africa, America and 18th century European history. Recommended two more Chairs in History and suggested four amongst them being Modern, Medieval or Australian History. 11:25 Entrepreneurial character of Fred Alexander. 11:40 1964 – move from Chancery Building to new Arts Building and the completion of the first stage of the Reid Library. 12:16 Easier to hold tutorials in their own rooms in the Arts Building and to access their text books. Good for 8-10 students. Also space for new members of department even it was wasn’t on the same floor. 14:28 Morning tea used to be in Fred Alexander’s room. The new Arts Building had a common room and you could meet members of other departments. 16:04 Support staff 17:50 Building brought everyone together. 18:12 Lecture theatres were more modern and enabled the use of audio visual material. Lectures could also be recorded. This was important for the External Students. 20:59 Timetable had to incorporate part time and full time hours due to the number of part time students. At one time there were even lecturers on a Saturday morning. There were also a large number of married women who took their courses during the day. 22:42 A lot more younger staff arrived in the mid to late 60s and brought fresh ideas. In particular, Peter Reeves and Tom Stannage when he returned from Cambridge in 1971. 23:38 Teaching methods changed as the resources available improved. The development of the Reid Library was crucial at this time. 23:55 Fred Alexander recruited Leonard Jolley to be the new librarian from Glasgow University in 1959. Leonard Jolley regarded himself as a Scholar Librarian. 25:15 New people, new ways of teaching, new areas of study and research came together in the 1960s. The support of Leonard and his staff was integral to this process particularly in regard to the Arts. There was also funding available which helped to achieve these goals. 26:00 Track 3 00:00 Up until this time the History Department had not had its own library apart from the books donated by Bert Hallam. Academics in the History Department also made use of the Law library and the Fine Arts and Architecture library. 02:56 Leonard was able to supply multiple teaching copies and keep up with the amount of publications on the market. He was also able to obtain larger amounts of funding to support specialised topics such as 17th century studies or South Asian studies. 04:12 IB always took his 2nd and 3rd year students on a library tour in order to show them all the resources – reference works and collections (including microfilm and microfiche). Goldsmith Kress library of economic and social material going back to 17th century was a wonderful resource. They also had the reprints of British Parliamentary papers from the 19th century. 08:04 Track 4 00:00 Retirement of Fred Alexander 1966. One Professor was replaced by two – Professors Bert Hallam and Geoffrey Bolton. 01:30 Two very different men. Bert Hallam a Medieval historian. Agrarian history especially in East Anglia. Great range of knowledge. Very gregarious. Strong researcher. 05:53 Geoff Bolton a local boy returning. First class honours from Oxford. 07:15 The old regime had passed. Bert stayed for a long time. Geoff there from 1966 until 1973 when he became part of the Foundation team at Murdoch University. 08:40 Frank Crowley left in 1963 so Geoff was a boost to Australian history picking up where Frank left off. Then Brian de Garis and Tom Stannage. 10:55 Geoffrey was also looking at more broadly based course such as the Rise of the West. A forerunner to global and world history developed by Tony Barker and Judith Woodward. They took turns in being department head. 12:00 Iain Brash was the first non-professorial head of department 12:14 Track 5 00:00 Journal of University Studies established before WW2. First Economics and History. Later revived in 1953. Changed title to Western Australian History later. Underlined the amount of work done at Honours and Masters in WA history. 01:45 1961 – IB asked to edit this journal. Name changed to University Studies in History with a view to bring in more outside articles. Published work originally researched for honours or masters theses. Peter Boyce on Governors in WA in late 19th. Articles on colonial literature in WA and Goldfields literature by Beverley Smith. 07:47 Other people then published it. The final issue was in 1970 when the foreword said from now on the journal would be dedicated on papers in South Asian history. Reflective of what was happening at the time (1960s-1970s). Arrival of Peter Reeves in 1963. Then Hugh Owen. 09:70 Peter Reeves returned to UWA as Professor in 1974. Some others obtained positions in the Eastern States or went to WAIT which later became Curtin. Curtin became a Centre for work on South Asia although the staff at the universities worked together. Frank Broeze who came in the 1970s worked with these groups. Developed into Indian Ocean Studies Inter university co-operation. 11:18 Perhaps a precursor to inter disciplinary studies that later took place. 12:30 Track 6 00:00 The experience of students in 1960s and 70s with regard to course work and examinations. Marking. The exam was the dominant determinant of the students’ results. 03:08 At this time it was 3 terms not semesters (1989). Whole of year courses. 03:39 Early 1970s – student participation in decision making. 1971 student representation at History department meetings. 05:38 Move to assessment of course work for final result. IB started using course work in assessment in 1973 (30% being course work). Later it became 40%. 07:05 Honours programme tied to the term structure and gave rise to issues 07:33 Track 6 00:00 Conclusion by Julia Wallis 00:20 Interview 3 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:31 Track 2 00:00 Interview to discuss three main aspects of academic life - teaching, research and administration 00:52 Issues in the 1970s – reduced University funding 01:30 How the Department responded to those challenges. Prof Peter Reeves Head of Department (appointed 1974 after Geoffrey Bolton left to join Murdoch University) produced a document identifying the problems: staffing, tutorial sizes, abolition of study leave replacements. 03:45 Peter Reeves put together a plan to meet these challenges – teaching the same subject for 2nd and 3rd year courses. 05:15 Introduced some new units 17th century England, Islam, History of the United States. 06:11 Programme came into effect in 1982. Successful. 06:30 1989 – 2nd and 3rd year units semesterised. 06:49 How IB became head of department. 1975 Senate resolution that the department head did not have to be a professor. 07:42 1977 History Department put together a procedure to establish the next head of department by ballot. 10:10 IB Head of Department 1981 to 1983. Succeeded by John Tonkin. 10:42 Significant change when Peter Reeves left to join WAIT (now Curtin) in 1985. A planning document drawn up. One important proposal was to establish the Centre for Western Australian History. Prime movers Tom Stannage and Brian de Garis. This was established in 1985. Self-supporting but became very successful. 12:29 The other important issue discussed in the Planning Document was that the second History Chair should be Australian History. The vacant chair was advertised and the successful candidate was Richard Bosworth. 14:16 Richard Bosworth teaching from 1987. People coming and going. Three retirements: Bert Hallam, Isobel Durack and Leslie Marchant. In 1990 Brian de Garis left for Murdoch. New arrivals were Norman Etherington, Charlie Fox, Philippa Maddern etc 15:32 Period of early 70s, now late 80s, next phase was around the time IB retired in 2001. 16:02 Track 3 00:00 IB found teaching the most enjoyable. Last time full time was 2000. Did his favourite topics. Two Honours – (1) Orange and Green and (2) Victorian Social History. For 2nd and 3rd year courses, IB taught British Social & Political History and tutored for Richard Bosworth in Hitler and the Holocaust. 02:57 Teaching IB enjoyed – Honours. Small group teaching. 04:14 Design of the course. Everyone in the class participated. Example of public health in the Victoria city. 07:28 Condition of agricultural workers in different parts of England. 08:05 First year teaching. From 1987 IB assisted Richard Bosworth in new unit. Study of historiography. What they wrote. Who they were. Why they wrote what they did. The importance of interpretation and criticism. History 102. 09:36 Richard Bosworth used extracts from the Goon Show and music. Discussion of distinctive lecturing styles. 10:40 Topics – 20th century – communism, fascism, etc AJP Taylor referred to as “God” of the course by Richard Bosworth. A demanding course for the first years but after a while the penny began to drop. 12:10 1997 – review of BA. Recommendation that the first year be semesterised. Richard Bosworth’s course had to be changed to fit the new pattern. It did not have the impact that the full year course had. 13:17 Track 4 00:00 Early experience of research as a school boy. 1955 British General Election. Study into educational background of new members of Parliament. 01:47 Oxford research on Gladstone material in British Museum. 02:16 What to research once in Perth. Learning Australian history while editing articles for University Studies. 03:16 1963 – 6 months study leave. Decided to do research in modern Scottish history. Travelled to UK by ship (6 weeks of this leave spent on ship). 04:55 Had a house in Edinburgh. Worked in national archives and visited private homes. 05:24 Background to publishing in 1974-75, a volume published by the Scottish History Society. In 1964 IB visited Dalkeith Palace belonging to the Duke of Buccleuch to study the Buccleuch papers. (They were since moved to Edinburgh). A treasure trove. The Reform Act – how can we rescue the situation? The papers demonstrated how they organised, raised money, got people to vote and manufactured fictitious votes. [Papers on Scottish Electoral Politics 1832-1854, Scottish History Society, Fourth Series, Volume II (Edinburgh, 1974).] 09:31 Among the papers were a series of electoral surveys put together by Donald Horne, lawyer and agent of the Duke. IB thought they should be published in a volume to pull together the different papers with a story of the period and to include the surveys done by Donald Horne. 11:45 This became a substitute for not doing a PhD. The material was too rich to ignore. 13:20 Continued work on Scottish poll books. This was new research. IB did a lot of research but did not do enough publication. 14:40 Led to a publication in 1996 which posed the question - In the Scottish counties in 1832 who actually got the vote? A lot of detailed work for a 20 page article. ['The New Scottish County Electors in 1832: an Occupational Analysis', Scots and Parliament, edited Clyve Jones, Edinburgh University Press, 1996, 120-39.] 17:37 Track 5 00:00 The importance of administration. 01:08 Administration work for or on the Scholarship Committee 1975 to 1997. Firstly on Sub Committee ranking candidates for post graduate scholarships for candidates throughout the university. Some were candidates for overseas scholarships. 05:17 Member of the main committee1983 until 1988. From 1986 to 1988 IB was the Chairman of that Committee. As Chair there was always general business. Brian Cleary was the secretary. 07:07 Discussion of Academic Board administration and duties. 07:50 Administration became front and centre in the final part of IB’s career when he came Department Head from 1997 to 2000. 08:16 Track 6 00:00 1996 Philippa Maddern Head of Department (from 1993). From April 1996 IB approached to resume the headship. 01:37 Mid 1990s mounting problems for the Department – funding. Enrolments and staff costs. 03:12 Two main issues that dominated 1996 (1) funding issues; (2) review of the Bachelor of Arts degree. 04:32 December 1996 workshop on changes after review of BA. Change from terms to semesters for first year. 05:37 Australian studies introduced around this time. 05:53 Review wanted the department to look into generic skills to make the BA more useful. Course handouts on how a BA would enable you to develop useful skills. A requirement that felt ridiculous. 07:07 Practicum Tony Barker. 07:42 Structure of Honours programme reverted to 1961 days from two years to a one year 4th year programme after the pass degree. Historiography, two seminars and a dissertation counting for 50% final mark. 09:15 History Department had excellent staff but had 6 professors. Many were fellows of the Academy. Very good record in publication. Outstanding students. Many senior staff. Top heavy. Victims of their own success. 12:22 The budget was very much tied to enrolments especially at first year level. Then you had to ensure the students carried on into second and third year. Very successful in recruiting Honours students and after English had the highest post graduate school in the faculty. Students completed Masters and PhDs with distinction on a regular basis. 13:25 Some of the staff had health problems. 13:42 1997 to 1998 endless meetings and discussion as to how the History Department could resolve the problem of its debt. Talk of redundancies. Rumour of breaking up of department. 15:14 Staffing was central to the issue. The Review Committee were critical of the professors as a group as they did not play a large enough part in the running of the department. IB as head of department had to implement the recommendations which meant he remained head for 4 years and not 3. 18:02 A list of 15-20 recommendations. Some to do with changes to courses. Several different levels to review included changes to courses, changes to department, budgets and restricting. 19:45 The restructuring was tied to funding. 20:30 IB received a letter from the Deputy Vice Chancellor Alan Robson that by a certain date IB had to give him a plan of how they would deal with the staffing problem. 21:11 There were 2 early retirements. The Review was similar to what happened in the early 80s. New units, new approaches. 22:37 In 1999, they had to report on what they had done. 22:48 Immediately after the review the department had a meeting with the review panel who came from the Eastern States. They were told some rather painful home truths. Many of IB’s colleagues were very unhappy with this. 23:33 Track 7 00:00 Even before the panel left the department met to discuss how to respond. IB wrote a report on their progress. Well received - marked increase in enrolments in 1999 and a 33% increase in 2nd year enrolments. 01:07 1999 Tom Stannage left to take up a position at Curtin. He was not replaced. 02:02 IB suggested he present an annual report to the department that be incorporated into the Minutes. This had not been done before. 02:45 Annual Report written partly to deal with peoples’ issues. Threat of redundancy ever present but did not ever happen. 04:37 There were good things happening as well as the problems and the Annual Report helped to emphasise the successes of the staff and the students. 05:13 Visiting staff. Fred Alexander Fellowship enabled international scholars to visit for 2-3 weeks, deliver the Fred Alexander lecture and give seminars. 05:44 People sometimes came for the conferences. 06:23 Annual Reports were written in 1997, 1998 and 1999. Also an opportunity to thank the admin staff such as the departmental secretary, Muriel Mahoney. 07:28 Ironically some of the new units suggested by the Wise Men from the East did not get as many enrolments as the old units did. 07:52 IB is unaware of what the lasting consequences of the review were. 08:23 The review brought an end of Iain’s career and he gave up at the end of October 1999 and Professor Norm Etherington became head of department (now school). He kept teaching for another 8 years but took no more active part in departmental affairs. 09:17 Track 8 00:00 Chancellor’s Medal awarded in 2001. Ken Michael was then the Chancellor. IB received the medal at the graduation ceremony on 10 September 2001, the evening before 9/11. 02:02 Thoughts of leaving UWA for overseas or elsewhere. Discussion of offer from Christchurch, New Zealand. Considered moving to University of Aberdeen in 1968. [interruption by phone ringing] 03:19 Track 9 00:00 By this time Iain was senior lecturer and had 3 children and did not think a British salary was sufficient. Plus the family was happily settled in WA. After this, he did not look elsewhere. He came in 1961 for 3 years and stayed for over half a century! 01:40 Track 10 00:00 Conclusion by Julia Wallis 00:23 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/dec778f5ab06fd2d00881c1a3a5bdb14.mp3">Brash, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b8418636e95675234069def091081a0f.mp3">Brash, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d36b7ee87813ea71e215047c0ddc049c.mp3">Brash, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/96977de6ac1fd6acc5d621e4a033e7da.mp3">Brash, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/dd34f34f32956f8d5a9eee03294a4bb2.mp3">Brash, Interview 1, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/96cfe0d4ffee543d91568abe5a83695e.mp3">Brash, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/25e80ba33520935aaf02caa99a728430.mp3">Brash, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/de6e5c74df4cf184d0f367be65ce452c.mp3">Brash, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/02c9a47115583a6dfdfb430ab14cccaa.mp3">Brash, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/85e5884451aefcb58db45b62910bbe1a.mp3">Brash, Interview 2, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/3d5576900d0932f7599d23c192f14c1d.mp3">Brash, Interview 2, Track 6</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/ee2ba3498497b9a4226831cd6bd03399.mp3">Brash, Interview 3, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/beb45bb351026220b4039fa95bbd571a.mp3">Brash, Interview 3, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f9df64eb9896a46d1f704d6f015b99cb.mp3">Brash, Interview 3, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/bacae8e8b601820be409690f1c41a92f.mp3">Brash, Interview 3, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/03a2b63078020b5d833d723ef93cbd15.mp3">Brash, Interview 3, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/fe46505a29c0a6a6c1e96daf5a3f2211.mp3">Brash, Interview 3, Track 6</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8831570fb532bb6dc57de25e1bb71bb3.mp3">Brash, Interview 3, Track 7</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/cc65185d68f4b7ab86c28210be9f46b0.mp3">Brash, Interview 3, Track 8</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/876f93ae505022cb64ee84544a248d25.mp3">Brash, Interview 3, Track 9</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b3b001f40a47e0785a609a7e3b563b86.mp3">Brash, Interview 3, Track 10</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Iain Brash interview, 7 September 2012, 14 September 2012 and 21 September 2012 Subject The topic of the resource History Description An account of the resource Iain and his wife Elizabeth arrived by ship to Fremantle on 22 January 1961. Iain was appointed as assistant to John Hayward (“Josh”) Reynolds. Iain taught history at UWA for 48 years. Iain officially retired in 2001 but only finished teaching at the end of 2008. At this time he was working as a Senior Honorary Teaching Fellow supervising PhD students. Iain was Head of Department from 1981-1983 and again from 1997 to 2000. Iain particularly enjoyed teaching Honours students and was nominated by his students for the Excellence in Teaching Award that he won in 1994. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brash, Iain Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Stewart Candlish Location The location of the interview Shenton Park, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 50 minutes, 32 seconds Interview 2: 56 minutes, 56 seconds Interview 3: 36 minutes, 3 seconds Total: 2 hours, 23 minutes, 31 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Track 2 00:00 Born 1943. Memories of austerity and cold. Studied science at school in Brighton. Discovered philosophy in his final year at school. 01:34 Father read Dennis Wheatley novels which Stewart also read. These books in the library were very close to philosophy and psychology, Read A History of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell which inspired him to explore the subject more thoroughly. 03:20 Studied at Leicester University. Applied for a scholarship to do a higher degree. Offered a job for the English Atomic Energy Authority. 06:00 He started to apply for jobs in England and the Commonwealth to teach Philosophy. Was offered 4 jobs – 2 in Australia and 2 in New Zealand. He took the one at UWA. The Department had been recommended by his supervisor as he knew some people in it. 06:58 Embarked on the Canberra on 14 January 1968 from Southampton and arrived in Fremantle on 3 February 1968. The Suez Canal was closed so they came around the Cape. 07:39 It was blisteringly hot and he had no idea that anywhere could be so hot – the description of a Mediterranean climate was misleading! Trying to find somewhere to live and the beginning of term was fast approaching. 09:00 When he heard a kookaburra outside the Arts Building he initially thought that the heat had driven somebody mad! 10:58 Encountered a red back spider in University House, a giant centipede in his bed and a scorpion in Myers Street, Nedlands. 11:30 Noel Bodycoat was the staffing officer and had asked him what he needed in the way of accommodation. The mining boom made accommodation scarce but he secured a flat in Broadway, Nedlands for what he considered were London prices. He lived here until he got married in 1971. 13:54 He had initially been given one week’s accommodation at Steve’s Hotel paid by the University and UWA paid 50% of the cost in the second week. Inflation was high. Consumer goods in Perth were more expensive as were fish and cheese. Wine was very reasonable! 17:07 There was no induction into the department – new staff left to their own devices. He was expected to live up to his responsibilities. You were thrown in at the deep end. 18:03 Professor Selwyn Grave was away when Stewart arrived. He was an avid climber. He would give advice but didn’t interfere. Prof Grave and Patrick Hutchings were New Zealanders. Julius Kovesi was a Hungarian refugee. An Oxford trained Indian called Surendra Sheodas Barlingay arrived at about the same time as Stewart to teach logic. George Seddon was on staff and is now better known for his environmental and landscape work but taught the Philosophy of Science. He moved to New South Wales about 3 years after Stewart arrived. 22:04 Barlingay left after a couple of years and was replaced by John Moore. There was a lot of coming and going of staff over the years. 22:36 R L Franklin, Ray Pinkerton and Ross Robinson had resigned before Stewart arrived. 23:22 Track 3 00:00 Discussion of contrast between Leicester University and UWA. The character of the departmental staff was very different. Staff in the Philosophy Department at UWA was more bourgeois than Leicester. Four of them were Catholic and family men. Leicester was much more social. 02:00 Student numbers at UWA were much more than Leicester. Classes and tutorials were bigger. Lectures of 200 and tutorial groups of 15 students. Had to learn how to hold their attention. 04:25 UWA taught what is now called Distance Education. They would come in during the vacation to attend classes. There was a lot of preparation and providing of written materials. There was a lot more formal effort. Heavy essay marking loads. Comments were expected. At this time the essays did not count towards the grade. 06:47 All the assessment was done by end of year exams. This involved 3 weeks of exam marking. 08:08 The student drop-out rate was higher than the UK but then only 2% of the British population got into university. The drop-out rate at Leicester was about 10% and would be 25-30% at UWA. This would have been almost the same as other disciplines. 10:30 The challenges of lecturing to large groups. Had to be more like a stage actor. Wearing gown to the first year lectures helped although it was unbearable in the March heat. Gowns were not worn to second year lectures and didn’t last much longer for first year teaching. 13:20 First year lectures were in the Murdoch lecture theatre twice weekly at 11am and repeated at 6pm for part-time students. Many were school teachers. 14:40 Track 4 00:00 The appeal of philosophy having been studying science. Examples of difficulties using physics as an example. 04:39 Example of difficulties he experienced in chemistry. Atomic structure. 05:50 Examples in mathematics – using calculus – concept of infinitesimal. George Berkeley. 07:39 Translations of foreign languages. How accurate can they be? 08:13 How do historians reconcile conflicting documentary evidence? 09:10 When you begin to ask these questions you are beginning to do the philosophy of science – mathematics- language- epistemology (the philosophy of knowledge) – and the philosophy of history. 09:39 Ethics is also a component of this. Moral thinking is also a branch of philosophy. 11:18 A lot of students who come into moral philosophy can find it very difficult as they already start with a definition. 12:00 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:32 Track 2 00:00 The 1970s. The Vietnam War. Stewart attended two marches in Perth. 03:23 Selwyn Grave said that UWA was the only quiescent campus during the Spanish Civil War. Plenty of student turbulence in other places – including Leicester University that has student sit-ins. UWA very quiet by comparison. 05:10 A journalist came to see him regarding student blockades at UWA. The universities in Paris are in the city whereas the UWA campus was not. There would have been no impact. 06:42 There were student demonstrations protesting about the dangers of crossing Stirling Highway from the colleges to campus. They were successful in getting two tunnels built. 07:45 Stewart believes that he was agitating more than the students. He argued for and succeeded in getting student representation on the Faculty of Arts 09:10 Asked to write an article about student unrest and how they could make an impact. Suggested that they should put pressure on the library resources. This was in the days before computers and electronic copies of articles. Not considered to be a glamorous way of protesting. Student agitation more about moral vanity rather than trying to make a change. 12:15 Contrast with the rest of Australia. Marxists on staff at Flinders University. Notorious events c1968 or 1970 at the Australasian Association of Philosophy Conference. Refused to accept any moderates as Chairs. 14:15 Meanwhile the University of Sydney Philosophy Department was divided into two – liberal and traditional and Marxists and Feminists. Further information can be found in James Franklin's book entitled Corrupting the Youth. 15:25 Track 3 00:00 Retirement of Professor Selwyn Grave in 1981. Mandatory retirement at age 65. He moved to Tasmania. 01:28 Selwyn Grave was a very nice man. He was very democratic. He took his share of the grunt teaching including first year teaching and marking. A good example to his staff and earned a great deal of personal loyalty. 02:58 Had a temper which he kept in check with iron self-control and a strong sense of duty. Amiable but volatile underneath. The students never saw this side of him. In fact he could be too gentle with them! 04:46 He held the Department together by force of personality and loyalty but when he left things began to unravel and tensions came to the surface. 05:16 He was almost a character from another era. He disliked using the telephone. In fact, it turned out that he didn’t really know how to use it! 07:56 He had terrible handwriting – only the secretary and Stewart could read it with relative ease. All articles had to be written in longhand. This meant that you had to get things right as everything then was typed up. Before the days of computers you couldn’t change things so readily. Comments on essays were written by hand. Amusing incident where a student couldn’t read what Selwyn Grave had written in the margin. In point of fact, he said that the student that he had appalling handwriting! 10:45 The department was consulted regarding his replacement but appointments at professorial level were made by a committee. There were power brokers in Australia who decided who was getting what Chair of Philosophy and in what order. They were generally influential people from interstate. 13:03 The next Professor was Michael Tooley who was Canadian and had worked at ANU. There was some local resistance to him due to his book entitled Abortion and Infanticide. This was a controversial work then and remains so today. He was called ‘Professor Herod’. In fact he was a genial colleague. 16:46 He did not stay long and left in the 1980s. He was not made welcome and did not enjoy administration. Now at the University of Colorado in Boulder. 17:55 Track 4 00:00 Philosophy is a discipline that could fit into any faculty and is often not totally comfortable in any. 02:24 Philosophers are often not popular wherever they are because they ask unsettling questions. Stewart would attend Psychology lecturers and ask questions about their experimental methods. It is natural for philosophers to question and argue. Where is the evidence? Others find this unsettling. 07:54 The Philosopher got on better with the Historians who would join in with theoretical discussions in the tea room. Philosophers tend not to be able to moderate the way that they work to take account of other people’s sensibilities so people in the Faculty of Arts might have found them odd. 09:23 Philosophy and Classics tend to be partnered together in institutions that are structured in way that it can work – such as at Oxford University. 12:08 When Stewart was lecturing on a Platonic dialogue to first years, he was perplexed by the argument. There were many translations; some were very good and some not so good. Translations done by Classical scholars did not really understand the argument. They tried to make the language too flowery and had expanded the text thereby losing the sense of it. 16:01 What are the ethics of translation? To enable staff members from Philosophy and Classics to work together on, say, translations of Plato would take a great deal of time and co operation. There wasn’t the structure in place at UWA to enable this to happen. 19:16 Several law students on the Arts/Law degree course came and studied Philosophy. Many of them were extremely good. One Honours dissertation was to do with intention in the criminal law of Western Australia. Stewart introduced some concepts in the Philosophy of Mind course to be more relevant to law students as many of the judgments debate criminal responsibility, negligence, recklessness and intention. 23:04 Interview 3 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Track 2 00:00 The Centre at Albany 01:52 Recording of lectures at UWA and use of local tutor. Visits from UWA lecturers 1-2 times each semester. 02:36 Lecture recording becoming a standard. Local students listened at home. 04:06 Problems of the recording technology. 05:36 The Albany students. 06:55 The local tutor. 09:20 Philosophy Café movement. 11:26 Philosophy Café format at Shenton College and St Hilda’s. 12:30 Long term effect of recording lectures. 14:31 Track 3 00:00 Study leave a standard condition of employment. One year in seven. A duty, then a right, then a privilege. 04:36 First leave taken in 1974. 04:48 Being able to buy books in the UK – much cheaper than in Australia. Very difficult to obtain. The University Bookshop was just for student text books. Deputation of academic staff 08:10 Buying up big in bookshops while on study leave. 09:17 Organising study leave. Visits to universities of Sussex, Cambridge, ANU, Illinois, Durham 11:26 Writing a study leave application. 11:59 Study leave report supplied to the Senate. These were posted on notice boards in the library. Deputy High Sheriff of the County of Wiltshire. 13:24 Track 4 00:00 Editor of The Australasian Journal of Philosophy in 2007. One of the world’s top 10 general journals. 02:50 350 submissions pa of which the journal would publish 30. Now in May 2013 submissions are over 600 articles a year. A significant commitment. 03:47 Publish material from unknown authors. Double blind reviewing now. 05:33 When he gives up the editorship things will have to change. Too onerous to teach full time and be editor. 06:19 UWA has had the honour of hosting the journal. First time edited in WA. Founded in Sydney in 1923. 06:52 The Library benefits from receiving books sent for review. 08:09 Track 5 00:00 Conclusion 00:10 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/38c890633c7dab57dba1973e244c31d3.mp3">Candlish, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8c0ce8d2546bafee81717fb589c5a735.mp3">Candlish, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/53c7d5db50e4d32c83857db16779c9ad.mp3">Candlish, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/260b613b9c6b028e54a517743198f56b.mp3">Candlish, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a0f3b144b15e378eb0bd860473296a12.mp3">Candlish, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/505be41629db6062123d45e45a39c214.mp3">Candlish, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8298d23563afaf9ae14ac201f044201b.mp3">Candlish, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/908e998c92217d8d6effd37343f352d3.mp3">Candlish, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8b82378b18608db0e0d68944fbad2ce8.mp3">Candlish, Interview 3, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/527e8914409f8ef4c8f6cea03d7df821.mp3">Candlish, Interview 3, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1d3bf903b412f2d9c92e58887ce1c142.mp3">Candlish, Interview 3, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0cd8bebddfdc418316e81885baed2e5e.mp3">Candlish, Interview 3, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e1055a5d98e6d7562dec8e7367c8fb8a.mp3">Candlish, Interview 3, Track 5</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stewart Candlish interview, 18 April 2013, 25 April 2013 and 9 May 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Philosophy Description An account of the resource Malcolm Stewart Candlish was born in Brighton in 1943. He graduated from the University of Leicester in 1967 with a BA (Hons) in Philosophy and an MA. In 1968 he accepted a teaching appointment at UWA. The Professor at that stage was Selwyn Grave. Stewart was a Lecturer from 1968-1972 and a Senior Lecturer from 1973-1989. From 1990 to 2001 he was Associate Professor of Philosophy. He retired in August 2007. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Candlish, Stewart Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Bob Hetherington Location The location of the interview Highgate, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 44 minutes, 53 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Track 2 00:00 Robert Hetherington. Born 8 January 1923 at Mount Gambier in South Australia. 00:15 6 July 1951 married Penelope Loveday. They had twin boys and a girl. 00:29 1951 – graduated from the University of Adelaide with a Bachelor of Arts with 2nd class Honours degree in History and Political Science. 00:45 1951 – employed by the Commonwealth Public Service 00:51 1952 – research scholar at the University of Adelaide 00:56 1953-1956 – History master at Kings College, Kensington Park, South Australia. A Baptist Congregationalist School 01:26 1957-1966 – Tutor and senior tutor in Politics at the University of Adelaide. The Acting Head of the Politics Department was Leo Blair. His son Tony was 4 years old at the time. Met Leo at a party and he asked Bob if he would like to tutor in the Politics Department and he agreed. 02:10 The students were taught about John Locke, Mill (John Stuart) and the Westminster system of government. Bob brought these ideas with him when he came to WA. 03:04 May 1977 – Lecturer in Politics at UWA 03:14 The first professor of politics at UWA was Gordon Reid. He used to be sergeant at arms at Parliament House in Canberra. He was recruited by Professor Duncan, the professor of politics at Adelaide University as Reader in Politics. When the Professor of History and Politics at UWA resigned, he applied for the position and got it. 04:25 Bob Hetherington was employed as the first course controller for the politics course at UWA. He also taught Australian Politics and Democratic Thought. 05:07 Before this the History Department ran a second year course in political science taught by E D (Ted) Watt who came across to the Politics Department. He taught the second year course. 05:36 When Bob taught politics he would not reveal his own personal background and politics leanings until the second half of the year to prove to the students that he could be impartial. 06:31 Bob developed a whole lecture on the fact that the State makes you the way you are. When he finished the lecture, he told the students that if they believe that, they were fascists! 06:59 Communism was on the wane at this stage. It was more popular when Bob was a student. Bob regarded both the Catholic Church and the Communist party of exercising intellectual tyranny over their adherents. 07:37 When Bob was tutoring in South Australia it was not long after the Second World War and he had many middle aged students. He learnt a lot from them. He put forward an idea one day to have it denounced as “nonsense”. 08:16 One day he totally opposed everything a student was telling him. The student argued that he had told the class this the other day. Bob informed him that since then he had changed his mind due to having a discussion with one of his students. He enjoyed having students that argued with him. 08:48 He used to tell his students not to sit at his feet and expect to be told truths. They were there to argue and debate. 09:16 Later on, Bob tutored at Murdoch. In his class was the son of the professor of Classics at UWA. He was very disappointed when they were not able to get Bob back the next year to teach as he was “the first person who made him think”. 10:20 The University of Adelaide was land locked and tightly contained whereas Perth had a beautiful campus. 10:58 When the Hetheringtons arrived in Perth they were accommodated at a university house on the campus. Eventually they bought a house in Claremont. They had a car and Bob drove to Uni. 12:15 The Politics Department was located in the Arts Building. Later on they were moved to the Social Science Building. This was probably due to a lack of space. They were quite close to the History Department in many respects (not just proximity). Brian de Garis was in the History department at this time. When Fred Alexander retired the Chair of History was split in two and Bert Hallam and Geoffrey Bolton appointed. 14:33 The History and Politics departments were closer in Adelaide as they shared a tea room and knew each other very well. They were no crossover lectures between the history and politics departments at UWA. 14:56 When Bob arrived the staff included Professor Gordon Reid (3rd year course in public administration); Ted Watt (2nd year course) and Bob. He was expected to have 70 students and do all the lecturing and tutoring. However, it was during the Vietnam War and he ended up with 182 students. 16:05 Bob thinks that there was protest on campus but cannot remember anything specific. 16:34 He could not do the tutoring on his own and asked Geoff Bolton for help. He sent along Barbara Hamilton who stayed for year and eventually became a lecturer. Later Sandra Penrose came and tutored. Both ladies eventually demanded that they be allowed to do some of the lecturing. 17:33 This changed the course a little bit. The crux of the course was the Westminster system; the Australian political system and. Students also studied a book by Walter Bagehot, the Australian constitution and the party system. Democratic thought covered the writings of John Locke, John Stuart Mill and other writers who believed in democracy. 18:24 Bob’s former professor in Adelaide, Professor Duncan, said it was the best course he had seen. Bruce Stone was until recently the Head of the Politics Department and would be able to supply further information on courses. He was formerly a student of Bob’s and very bright. 18:57 Many students went on to get a job in Foreign Affairs. Some became academics. Other did it before they did a law degree. 19:41 Marika Vicziany was another very bright student who went to London as is now a professor of Asian Political Economy at Monash University, Melbourne. 20:24 Bob was a notoriously hard marker and failed a third of his students. The assessment was by essays and examination. 20:49 The students would choose an essay topic and would have to research and write a paper. They were able to argue points in their essays. One student wrote a brilliant essay on the American Constitution. He argued that it existed to keep to bourgeoisie in power. 21:41 One student was not doing so well. Bob told him that he had reached rock bottom and could only go up from that point and he did! 22:22 Many students found the transition from school to university very challenging. The men wrote scrabbly stuff – the writing and the English was bad. The girls wrote in beautiful round handwriting but the work wasn’t very good. An ex student of Bob’s in Adelaide was Anne Cooper (now Anne Summers. Bob told her that her first essay contained better polemics than analysis. 23:53 There were more middle class women and ex-service people in his classes than was the case at UWA in Perth. 24:31 Track 3 00:00 At one stage Bob lectured at the Octagon as it could hold 300 students. Others did not enjoy lecturing here. He used a table instead of the rostrum. He handed out summaries of the lecture and ad-libbed from his summary. There was no technology in these days – just word of mouth. 01:30 Ralph Pervan was also in the Politics Department and regarded as a “reasonable person”. After the Whitlam Dismissal in 1975, a rally was held in the Entertainment Centre. 6,500 people attended and Bob was told to warm up the crowd. He addressed them as “Fellow Democrats”. Ralph Pervan commented later that this was more like the Nuremburg Rally 02:49 There was flexibility to incorporate current affairs into the political lectures. 03:38 Bob said that he learnt a lot from lecturing. The students appreciated him getting out from behind the table to meet the audience. 04:05 There would be about 10 in a tutorial. They liked to keep the numbers small in order to relate to the students. Bob was a good tutor and engaged with the students. They would have to discuss a topic. 06:03 The male/female ratio at UWA was just about 50/50. Mature aged women started to attend in the Whitlam era. 06:45 Ted Watt was very helpful when Bob cased the joint in 1966 and drove him around Perth as a pillion passenger on his motor bike. At this time, they were tearing down the Barracks. It was suggested that a bridge should link the Barracks and Parliament House. This is being canvassed again for the upcoming State Election in 2013. 08:08 The students did not visit Parliament House as part of the politics course. When Bob was a member of parliament he would show students around. 08:34 One of Bob’s first speeches in Parliament attacked Charles Court. Bob left UWA to enter politics. Bob was beaten for preselection by Fred Chaney and Bob McMullan talked him into going into the Legislative Council. A new two member seat was established and he was the member with Fred McKenzie. 11:27 Bob’s academic background was not a great help in his political career. 12:00 Brian McKinnon was the Leader of the House. One day Bob had not had time to distribute notes to accompany his speech. Bob argued that this was not mandatory. Mr McKinnon argued that the notes might make the speech understandable. Bob said he did not expect to make the leader any wiser but he was trying to inform him! 14:06 Bob was not aware of internal university politics. Gordon Reid ran the department without any outside interference. 15:06 The department did not mix socially outside work. Bob would visit Gordon from time to time. Gordon was very proper. They would visit Ted Watt and his wife. Ted was a right wing devout Catholic. 16:14 Morning and afternoon tea was taken in the department. Lunches could be eaten and/or bought outside the department. 16:42 Pat Carruthers was the department secretary. She was devoted to Professor Reid. Her husband converted part of the pantry in Claremont into a toilet. Bob wrote an article about Gordon. He has since misplaced this. Gordon was an ex navigator in a bomber during WW2. Ruth was a war bride that be brought back from England. Bob was in the army for 4 years and 6 months. Both had a military background. 18:58 Some people wore gowns but Bob just wore a smart shirt and trousers. Some students thought Bob was a Liberal because he often wore a blue shirt. The students wore what they liked. 20:22 Track 4 00:00 00:11 Conclusion Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5361f2148dc551f6e16a06424584fea5.mp3">Hetherington, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/eda431c6940651a9af8b47d5dd43a716.mp3">Hetherington, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/79968969f9bd2f940c629652fa13957a.mp3">Hetherington, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/400faad50d737b53e23ed8904002112c.mp3">Hetherington, Interview 1, Track 4</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bob Hetherington interview, 24 January 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Political science Description An account of the resource Bob Hetherington joined UWA in 1966 from Adelaide University. He established the first year course in the Politics Department. He was a Labor member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1977 to 1989. In 1987 he introduced a private member's bill into the council to legalise homosexuality, which was narrowly defeated. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hetherington, Bob Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed John Toohey Location The location of the interview Cottesloe, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 53 minutes 5 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:28 Track 2 00:00 John Leslie Toohey. Born 1930. 00:10 UWA Law School began in 1927. Professor Beasley was Dean for 20 years and his last year was in 1947 – the year that John enrolled at the Law School. Professor Beasley was succeeded by Douglas Payne who had come out from Oxford. 01:20 There were many ex-servicemen among the students in 1947. 02:08 Went to Meekatharra aged 5 or 6 and then to Lake Grace. Educated at High School in Perth as there was no high school at Lake Grace. Went to St Louis, Claremont which was a Jesuit School from about aged 10. At the time John’s father was in the RAAF, so John became a boarder. A year later, his mother and siblings moved up to Perth. Went back as a boarder in his last year of schooling. 04:42 Began to think about law as a career. Interested in humanities. Encouraged by David Walsh, a senior criminal lawyer in Perth who came to school debates. 06:14 Entered a law course in 1947. Had a good matriculation and this was sufficient qualification for enrolment in those days. 07:10 A student from 1947 to 1950. Impact of ex-servicemen on the Law School. Many were good at sport. Several law students took part in the State Rugby Union team. 09:18 Ex-servicemen benefited from advice of younger students with studies. 09:56 Three or four women students on the course. 11:25 At that time (post WW2) the Law School was located on Fairway in a building that had been used by the US Navy. New Law School built in 1967. 12:26 Professor Beasley dragooned ex-students into helping move the Law Library to the new premises. He was very proud of his library and would not have contemplated the law library being subsumed by the University library. 14:08 Temporary building constructed of wood or asbestos. All lecturers and classes held here. 15:29 Fairy conventional lecturing style. Tutorial system developed more in later years. Limited academic staff at that time. Use made of part-time lecturers from the legal professional. 16:50 John began tutoring at St George’s College during his second year of articles. He tutored Randolph Stow 17:34 Would lecture part time during his time in legal practice. Dean invited Ian McCall and John Toohey to join the Law School as full time lecturers. By this time the academic staff had grown to 6 or 8. 18:19 There was still a need for more academic staff and John taught part time for several years but found that the hours impinged on his legal practice. He would lecturer at 8.30am. 18:52 John Toohey taught property law. Certain subjects benefited from having teachers with practical experience. 20;00 John found that teaching part time did not give the students time to interact with the lecturer and ask questions. He had to be back in the city at 10am in order to run his practice so it made the teaching element a bit rushed. 21:06 Track 3 00:00 LLB degree took the form of 17 units. 12 of them were law units and 5 were broader – Philosophy, Eng Lit, Economics. Gave the degree a breadth. Some people took a law degree and went into the diplomatic or public service. 02:01 John Toohey did a double degree and graduated with an honours degree in Arts in 1956. Did a major in Philosophy . 04:17 The Law School was self-contained. Very strong inter faculty sporting rivalry. 05:25 There were pranks but they were not malicious. There was a particular rivalry with the engineering students. 06:03 In those days the law students were required to attend lectures in gowns. 06:28 There was a refectory where students could get food plus there were shops in Broadway. 07:18 At that time politics were very popular among the students. Communism was a subject of much discussion. There was a University Labor Club. John Toohey and Bob Hawke were members at one time. This was later felt to be too left wing and a university branch of the ALP as established on campus. 09:34 The student guild also was divided along political lines at this time. There was a national union of Australian university students and reps would attend conferences in Europe. 11:53 The guild did a range of things. At this time, there was an outbreak of TB. The guild set up a small committee and they did work associated with that. Testing was done at a building which became the Fire Brigade HQ in Murray Street. 13:39 Socially students were hampered by finances and lack of independent transport. Dances were held at the refectory. There was an annual law ball each year. The Blackstone Society held dinners. 14:38 Track 4 00:00 Some students were supported by their parents. Many worked part time at weekends. Commonwealth scholarships were available. If you earned money independently of the scholarship then the scholarship grant was reduced. 01:34 John supported himself by working in the holidays. He worked shovelling coal at the East Perth Power House and at Robbs Jetty Abattoir. The jobs were well paid and he enjoyed the physical work. 03:06 Some students who had parents in the law would work at a firm during the holiday. 03:53 It did help to know people in the profession once you had qualified in order to get a job. 04:25 John Toohey worked with David Walsh for a little while but he did not have wide contacts in the profession. 04:52 He graduated with First Class Honours so he was able to find employment quite easily. [Out of 18 students that graduated from the Law School in 1950, John was the only one to be awarded First Class Honours]. 05:32 John is unsure how many people in his year graduated with First Class Honours. 06:17 John won the Frank Parsons prize was for the most outstanding graduate. The H C F Keall Prize was for the best 4th year student. These prizes were awarded by the Law Faculty. 07:10 There were assignments as well as exams. The tutorial system later became more developed. 08:50 A lot of weight was placed on the exam. If you failed a unit you could retake it. Contract was found to be a very difficult subject by all the students. 09:46 Exams were taken in the Law School and administered by them. 11:57 The results were posted on a board at the Law School. 12:35 University class mates. Had no friends at school that attended UWA Law School. Made a lot of new friends including Bob Hawke and Alan Barblett. 15:24 Friendships made irrespective of differences. They would meet each other working as lawyers at the courts. John also kept up with people through the Law Society. 17:17 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/af1e46d1518db1c9c59479ec46fb4118.mp3">Toohey, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/06e61c76d58bb49b4a3a1e0ebf1eb20f.mp3">Toohey, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d2039f84dfe0bc823de76d91a8c64bd0.mp3">Toohey, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/35e3ad73155f57d1ffde3d7e2b76137e.mp3">Toohey, Interview 1, Track 4</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Toohey interview, 11 December 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Law Description An account of the resource John Leslie Toohey AC, QC (born 4 March 1930), Australian judge, was a Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1987 to 1998. Toohey studied law and arts at the University of Western Australia. He graduated with first class honours in law in 1950, receiving the FE Parsons Prize (for the most outstanding graduate) and the HCF Keall Prize (for the best fourth year student). He completed his Arts degree with first class honours in 1956. He was a Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Western Australia from 1957 to 1958, as well as a Visiting Lecturer from 1953 to 1965. He was well known for his lectures in property law. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Toohey, John Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History