1 10 84 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Walter Stern Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 51 minutes, 42 seconds Interview 2: 54 minutes, 37 seconds Interview 3: 1 hour, 2 minutes, 3 seconds Total: 2 hours, 48 minutes, 22 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00:00 Introduction. Walter Stern - born in Cairo 3 Sept. 1927. Background career outline: Sydney University agriculture 1949, AIAS, CSIRO, Katherine Research Station. PhD Adelaide. Underwood and Agricultural Departments at UWA. Professor Holdsworth. Department of Soil Science, Agronomy, Animal Science, Agricultural Economics. Attracted to the West and the potential for agriculture. 00:06:30 Underwood asks WS to consider the chair at UWA. Ralph Slayter. Ralph and ANU. Discussions of career and UWA. Underwood interviews Stern. Impressions of UWA. Complicated study on the Ord River development. John Brody. CSIRO on campus. Facilities at UWA on arrival. Paper bags and mice. Securing money from Fielders. John Millington’s standing in the agriculture community. Underwood and the Federal Wheat Council. Reduced grants and field stations. 00:14:00 Fielders and the donation of money to UWA. Concern in agricultural press. Underwood has some concerns. Money and appointments. Study and plant breeding. John Gladstone’s clover breeding. Hank Greenway and teaching and field work. Waterlogging and salinity. Noel Thurling, a Melbourne graduate, good at guiding students. Personal aims for the department. Working on the most practical problems at the most scientific level. Doing field and laboratory work. Building up equipment at the University. 00:21:06 Using and administering funds obtained from grants. The minimum standard at UWA. Departments vary considerably. Establishing recognition for the Agricultural Department. Underwood Dean of the Faculty and Director of the Institute. Numbers at UWA. Impressions of Underwood. Regrettable aspects of Underwood’s character. Andrew Stuart memorial lecture. 00:27:17 Strong interest in field work. Examples of field stations. Superintendent of field stations. UWA science and the farming community. Learning about the farming community. Changes in climate patterns. Farmers’ concerns. ICI sowing practice. Farm advisers. Henry Shepherd. Links at various levels. Working on farming committees. Impressions of the concerns of farmers in WA. Waterlogging and infertility. Great disappointments and Jim Quirk and joint supervision. Students and technical assistants and learning. 00:36:11 Inheriting the clover breeding programme. Striving for improvements in yield. Discussion of Greenway, Thurling and Marcus Blacklow and Ralph Sedgley. Avoiding position of Dean. Views of UWA academic standing in the field of agronomy. 00:42:57 International standing. Getting people to come to University. Fellowships. Sir Joseph Hutchison. Improvements in University’s international standing. PhD students from interstate. Serving on the PhD and Research committee. Harry Webb zoology. Mike Buckingham. Agricultural Education Committee report. Education of farmers’ sons and daughters. Haydon Williams, Noel Fitzpatrick, Sir Don Eckersley, and Noel Monks. Track 2 00:00:00 Quality of students and attracting students. Staff/student ratio. Friends, relationships and community at UWA. Changes. Review of courses and procedures. The student/client situation. 00:07:50 Reading from book Agriculture in Western Australia by Burvill. Discussion of writing and the responsibility to managing landscape. Students qualified to handle growing problems. Close association with the UWA and the producer - farmer. Geoff Gallop government reviews. Shifts in the partnership between the University and the Department of Agriculture. 00:14:36 Involvements with research and PhD Promotions and scholarship committee. Underwood and higher degrees. Chairman in the PhD committee including Harry Waring, Mike Buckingham. Secretaries and organisation. John Ross. Committee requires enormous amount of detailed work for quality etc. 00:21:10 Examples of the over-bureaucratisation of UWA and academic life. Changes. Chancellor. Two Vice Chancellors stand out: Prescott and Robson. 00:27:40 Promotions committee. Peter Tannock (Notre Dame University) and Don Watts (Curtin University). Robson going up for promotion. 00:33:20 Scholarships committee. Jim Quirk the faculty mile runner. New deal for agriculture. Finding funds. John Millington and Jack Lonergan in Soil Department. Stern’s approach in creating department. Memories of Reg Moir. 00:44:54 Sense of camaraderie at the University has changed. The University treated Moir very badly. Moir’s promotion to chair. Underwood’s failings. Andy Stewart runs the show. Underwood and community funding. Rural Reconstructions Report. Memories of Underwood’s reputation and big failing. Continuity in a faculty in disarray. Stability with David Lindsay. Track 3 00:00:00 Staffing situation and the Department of Agronomy. John Millington, Gladstones, Roger Boyd. Clover wheat, Lupin and Barley. Money scrounged from farmers groups by Underwood. Erwin Watson. Variety of Gamenya, Hybrid of Gabo, Mendos and Yalta. Cereal breeding. Environment, plant physiology and crop improvement. 00:05:42 Gladstones leaves the university. Gladstones’ breeding programs are under threat. Gladstones’ work ethos. Boyd’s attitude to Walter Stern. Commercial firms and the science of breeding. Plant variety rights - a commercial proposition. Boyd and PhD students. 00:11:15 Gladstones and Noel Thurling. Sedgley and environmental studies at Merredin. Technical equipment and study at Merredin Research Station. Fitzpatrick the climatologist and Marcus Blacklow. Blacklow and weed ecology. 00:15:55 Experiences of sabbatical in Cambridge plant breeding institute in 1973. Michael Kirby. Bringing back techniques learned. Margaret Thatcher and funding cuts in Britain. 00:21:40 Brian Trenbath and discussion of WASP wheat and sheep pasture. Computing and technology. Editor of Forage and Fuel Production from Salt Affected Waste Lands. 00:29:00 Seeing the University’s work benefits the producers and the wider community. International grant from UNESCO. Cunderdin seminar 1984. University work and the lot of the producers. Hank Greenway and salinity. Clive Malcolm. Rewriting international papers. Attracting students from elsewhere. Sending students out to study elsewhere. 00:35:30 Benjawan Rerkasen – honours student - one of the most travelled and sought-after people. Discussion of other PhD students from around the world. Ephraim Whingwiri. 00:42:05 UWA’s isolation and the world wide network. Interactions mentioned. Changes to the sabbatical system. Discussion of the Malaysian experience. Australian Asian University Co-operation Scheme. 00:55:12 The Faculty today and the Department of Agriculture. The function of government and research. The finest Department of Agriculture in Australia. People in the department very capable. Retirement and expansion of the department. The university activity has changed. Interactions with PhD students. Final words. 01:02:03 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b5c7a4c673f76ae3daaac0bd5b8943b2.mp3">Stern, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b9a6e5ccae92cf60cda39574d08a8014.mp3">Stern, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/01b105708819e3a488e205a4370a312a.mp3">Stern, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Walter Stern interview, 30 May 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Agriculture Description An account of the resource This is an interview with Emeritus Professor Walter Stern. Born in Egypt in 1927, Walter traveled to Australia with his family during World War Two. The family lived in Sydney and Walter was educated at North Sydney primary school, New England University College and Sydney University. He worked for the CSIRO in Katherine during the 1950s and Waite Agricultural Research Institute Adelaide, and in the Kimberley during the 1960s. He was appointed Foundation Professor in Agronomy at the University of Western Australia in 1969. During the interview Walter discusses numerous topics relating to his career in the field of agriculture. He speaks of his career at the University of WA between 1969 and 1991. He recalls the important work of people associated with the Faculty of Agriculture at UWA, including Professor Eric Underwood, Professor David Lindsay and Professor Reg Moir among others. He served on numerous committees including the CSIRO State Committee and chaired the Agricultural Education Committee and the Research Committee. Walter felt that it was important for the University to have connections to the farming community and worked extensively in the field and was involved in coordinating numerous research stations throughout the state. Walter relates many stories associated with his experience at UWA from work he conducted and oversaw, to his aims for the direction of agriculture at the University. He gives his impressions of the direction the University has taken in a competitive academic playing field and speaks of the sense of community he experienced working at UWA. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stern, Walter Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed T Alex Reid Location The location of the interview Yokine, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 58 minutes, 35 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 7 minutes, 43 seconds Total: 2 hours, 6 minutes, 18 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 01:05 Track 2 00:00 Thomas Alexander Reid was born in Nottingham. The family migrated to Perth when he was 14 years old. He attended John Curtin High School. He did a degree in maths and applied maths at UWA. His student number was 600329. The Mathematics Departments was upstairs in what is now the Vice Chancery. The library was in the northern wing where the visitors centre is now. Physics and Chemistry were in the buildings that are Geology and Geography. The Reid Library was completed in 1964 and the new Physics Building was built after he had finished doing that subject. The expanding campus included the construction of the new Arts building. 05:49 Students from other faculties mixed as the campus was compact. Alex was a committee member of the Christian Union and met his wife Helen at a car rally put on by them. Their first date was at a play put on by the University Dramatic Society at the Dolphin Theatre. Alex joined the university rowing club and was a founding member of the soccer club. 11:03 There were girls studying maths and applied maths. Peter Winter lectured in Applied Mathematics and was a tutor. Having a mathematics degree gave students a range for options that used maths as a foundation unit. Alex went into computing. 14:33 During Alex’s second year at UWA he took a cadetship with the Department of Supply and went to work at the Weapons Research Establishment (WRE) in Adelaide in the vacations. When he arrived in November 1961 he was put in the maths services group which had a computer. There were no computers in WA at this time. The computer took up a whole room but was much slower than a smartphone! There were other students from UWA there as well as two lecturers Malcolm Hood and Peter Winter. WRE were tracking rockets and using complicated mathematics for computing their trajectory. The Centre was the base for the Woomera Rocket Range and one of the projects they were working on was the British Blue Streak Rocket. When Alex graduated he returned to work here permanently (1963-1965), married Helen in 1964 and settled in Adelaide. 22:09 Alex then took a job with the Bureau of Census and Statistics and did some training in Canberra before moving to take up a job in Perth in 1966. The freeway and the Narrows Bridge had been built. Alex worked on tools for manipulating census data. Then they built what was called a Table Generator which allowed you to pull out specific data quickly. This was a Control Data computer. It was one of the fastest computers in the country. The first computer in Perth was the IBM1620 which was installed at UWA in 1962. Undergraduate students were not allowed to use the computer. By the time Alex came back to Perth this computer had been superseded. 28:08 In March 1969, Alex came to work as a programmer at the Computing Centre at UWA. By now they had the first time-share computer - the PDP-6. All the other computers were batch operated. About 50 terminals could access the computer simultaneously. In addition, it ran an experiment for the Department of Psychology with a rat race in real time. There were also Physics experiments conducted on it. Alex started working on UNIWAFT which diagnosed problems with computer programmes. This was up and running at the end of 1970. Denis Moore was the Director of the Computer Centre which was located in the new Physics Department. The staff was housed in wooden demountable buildings in Irwin Street on campus. The centre devised a programme called MINWAFT to assist State Schools to introduce computing in schools. 37:13 Within about 18 months, Alex was promoted to Applications Manager and later Assistant Director (1974-1979). He was Acting Director from time to time and became Director in 1979 when Dennis Moore resigned. He remained in this position until 1991. Another big project was LOANLY – an automated loan system for the Reid Library. This was the first self service automation system installed in a library world-wide. David Knoll was the librarian involved in the project. The project had its teething problems but was running very well by 1977. Alex gave a lecture to the Computer Society in Perth about the project and was voted lecturer of the year in WA (and runner up in Australia). He gave lectures on LOANLY throughout Australia and in Britain. Sir Maurice Wilkes from Cambridge University came to Perth in July 1971 and gave a day seminar and Alex shared the platform talking about online computing and data bases. He also developed a course on data bases. UWA was quite advanced. 45:31 When Dennis Moore arrived he started a postgraduate diploma course called a Dip NAAC (Numerical Analysis and Automatic Computing). In 1969, the name was changed to Dip Com (a Diploma of Computation). Alex did this Diploma part-time in 1969. This was the only university course available in computing at this time. You had to already have a degree to be accepted on the course. By 1975, a separate department was needed and the Department of Computer Science was set up. Professor Jeff Roehl was the Foundation Professor . 48:32 Track 3 00:00 LOANLY was named after the character Lonely in the TV series Callan. A paper on the project was submitted to the Australian Computer Society for the Case Study Prize and won the prize in 1978. With the proceeds he bought his first micro-computer for $500. Alex’s eldest son programmed Space Invaders on it. He became a Professor of Computing at Oxford University and has recently moved to Adelaide. It was not until the IBM PC hit the market that computers became available for use by the students. Costs had come down at lot. The IBM 1620 cost $88,054 (£44,027). The PDP6 cost $469,000. IBM was known as Snow White and the Seven Dwarves in the computer marketplace. 05:47 At about the same time that Maurice Wilkes gave the lecture on multi-access computer systems, Dennis and Alex ran a course for the UWA Extension Service called Computer Programming and Data Management for On-line Systems. It was a 25-week course of study that started in March 1971 on data bases and data management. People came from government departments and other companies outside UWA. Towards the end of the course the students had access to the PDP6 to enter data and search the data base with a programme called DAMP (Data Management Access Package) which taught students about Codasyl . It was an early example of online learning. 08:58 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:54 Track 2 00:00 WARCC (the Western Australian Regional Computing Centre) was formed in 1972. The IBM 1620 was the first programmable computer in WA. Main Roads also had one. Other people could use the computer but time-sharing really took off when the PDP6 arrived. Now several users (such as the SEC, WAIT, and PMG) could use the computer simultaneously and remotely by telephone line. Every 3 years the universities were offered grants towards buying computers from the AUC . In 1970-1972, the government only gave grants to universities that would agree to co-operate with other nearby universities or other entities. None of the other big universities did get grants but UWA was prepared to share resources. UWA and several key stakeholders put in funds, which together with the government grant, enabled them to buy a larger computer. 05:05 The computer was a Cyber 72 (derived from the CDC7600) purchased from Control Data Corporation in the USA and was installed in August 1972. It was designed by Seymour Cray. These computers were among the first to contain multiple processors. It was upgraded from time to time and disk drives were added. A lot of effort was made to make sure that everyone’s information was kept private. This introduced the use of passwords. Hackers were not so common then. IBM was probably the first company to develop compatible computers. 11:41 The WARCC was housed and run by UWA but was self-supporting and independent of UWA. Gradually the range of services provided increased. WARCC started to write computer programmes and software for other organisations. Some of the programmers were placed in different government departments on secondments. They had a large training unit. The purpose built basement in the Physics Department had to be extended to expand with the needs of the WARCC. They even housed and managed computers for other organisations such as the Health Department. WARCC operated a little bit like an incubation unit until people had the skills and know-how to operate and run their own computers. People gradually became independent of WARCC and mini-computers accelerated this process. Micro-computers were even more affordable. 16:50 UWA was the leader in computing in WA. Alex’s boss, the Director, Dennis Moore, set up the Central Government computing facility and worked with the Health Department. Alex was Assistant Director of WARCC from 1974-1979 and was appointed Director when Dennis Moore resigned. Networking also lessened the need for time sharing. WARCC was working on networking computers and the idea of using the internet, similar to ARPANET which was developed by the US Department of Defence. WARCC developed a packet-switching network which connected a number of computers and terminals around WA. Unfortunately by this time, the need and will for sharing information was waning. Alex talks about two types of computer sharing: 1 computer connected to remote terminal 2 computer connected to remote batch station The third type of networking which he didn’t discuss on audio was computer-computer network connections: very common now (eg the whole Internet/Web is built on this), but back then very rare. In 1977 WARCC built the first multi-host packet-switched network in Australia - it interconnected various computers in WA; ultimately, you could just buy this "off the shelf", as indeed was done to establish AARNet connecting all universities in 1989. Although the work they did didn’t lead directly to AARNet, it give confidence to the university/computing community that this was feasible. 20:47 The computing centre was evolving. It moved into networking and micro computing. WARCC allowed people to rent micro-computers. It was financially quite challenging to change the role of the WARCC and move with the times. They borrowed money from UWA to invest in new computers and paid the money back over the years. When Alex left WARCC at the end of 1991, they had finally paid off their debt. WARCC was turned into a much more commercial enterprise separate from UWA. Alex resigned as Director and became the IT Policy Officer at UWA and did this from 1991-1993. WARCC changed its name to Winthrop Technology and it was left to the University Computing Services to run the network within the university. 23:29 With the rise of mini and micro-computers, UWA began to embrace computers in the workplace. They were used for scientific and engineering experimentation. UWA staff became top users of computers in Australian universities. In 1993, the Chancellor decided that there was no requirement for a central computing facility or any need for guidance and policy. Alex was made redundant and became Director of Oxford University Computing Services (1993-2000). In 2000, he was head-hunted back to UWA to head up the IT Policy Unit and retired from this role in 2005. The Humanities also used the computers. E/Prof John Jory’s Latin Inscriptions Database was uploaded onto the PDP6. The library put their catalogue online and added a circulation system which eventually replaced LOANLY. The library is now the information hub of the university. 30:05 UWA administration began to use computers early on to handle student information and finances. A project in the UK (Project MAC) tried to develop a shared university system but it did not work. A similar project in Australia CASMAC also ended in disaster. The Queensland Government advocated a shared service through their governmental agencies about 10 years ago but it also collapsed. 35:14 At the end of 1989, Alex was asked to speak about WARCC to the Parliamentary Public Accounts and Expenditure Review Committee. The model was commended but it wasn’t taken up. Alex later contributed a chapter in a book on Computer Excellence on this topic. 36:21 UWA is no longer the leading light in the computer field in WA. Now everybody uses computers. There were a few staff at UWA who refused to use computers but most took to them. Students today must be computer savvy. A lot of resources are online and computers are part of the teaching process. MOOC (Massive Online Open Courses) is a case in point. 41:30 In 1976, the Australian National Computer Conference was held in Perth. Don Bitzer spoke at the conference and demonstrated a system called PLATO. The system had touch sensitive terminals and graphic displays and was designed to be a teaching tool and compliment a particular course. The US Army used the program for their training. Alex visited the USA in 1982 and advocated the purchase of PLATO. They ran PLATO at UWA from 1985-1989 on a cyber- computer and it was very popular but by1989 it was not cost effective. Today e-learning programs such as Blackboard and Moodle are used which are more or less the same as PLATO. 46:02 The WRE moved to Control Data computers after Alex left. He is not sure if they ever used computers for teaching. When the PLATO service closed at UWA a new company Computer Aided Learning Service (CALS) was set up by Richard Twiss. The Defence Force was a client. 48:42 Students in the Computer Science and Software Engineering at UWA learn to program a computer. Prof Jeff Roehl advocated the Pascal computer language. Fortran was the predominant language in the early days and is still used for scientific computing but it was easy to make mistakes in the programming. Yianni Attikiouzel in Electrical Engineering also taught the Pascal program to his students. Engineering students build their own computers. Alex’s son developed a program when he was 12 years old and later re wrote it in BASIC. There are many different types of computer languages. COBOL is used for business processing. Other languages are C+ and C++ . Different languages are developed to assist with different needs. HTML (Hyper Text Mark Up Language) is used for websites. 54:04 Alex retired from UWA in 2004. He is Honorary Professional Fellow and lectures on ethics in computing. He does consulting work primarily for AARNet (Australia’s Academic and Research Network) and helped set up the Australian Access Federation which helps researchers to use resources in other facilities. He also works on how to support researchers in e-research such as SKA - the Square Kilometre Array, a global next-generation radio telescope project involving institutions from over 20 countries. 59:42 Computer ethics is taught using case studies. CLOUD computing poses very particular ethics. What happens when robots malfunction? In the future, there is a feeling that computers will be able to far surpass the abilities of the human brain. We may be too dependent on them even now as they are used in surgery and 3-D printing for burns victims. Alex hopes that in the future computers will be used for good and not evil! 66:49 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d394522df20e3f44b36ef1429f32afe3.mp3">Reid, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0cd1f6d48a638a1076d3f86d3774ac5b.mp3">Reid, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/34c140535b2d31e418ec471b73b7e4a6.mp3">Reid, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/999ee7498eb683a260de6ea9b5c520ae.mp3">Reid, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/3d354ae229740f2e93705eada504a79e.mp3">Reid, Interview 2, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource T Alex Reid interview, 22 July 2014 and 29 July 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Computer Science and Software Engineering Description An account of the resource Thomas Alexander Reid was born in Nottingham. The family migrated to Perth when he was 14 years old. He attended John Curtin High School. He did a degree in maths and applied maths at UWA. During Alex’s second year at UWA he took a cadetship with the Department of Supply and went to work at the Weapons Research Establishment (WRE) in Adelaide in the vacations. WRE were tracking rockets and using complicated mathematics for computing their trajectory. In March 1969, Alex came to work as a programmer at the Computing Centre at UWA. Within about 18 months, Alex was promoted to Applications Manager, Assistant Director and later he became Director. He remained in this position until 1991. One of Reid’s big projects was LOANLY – an automated loan system for the Reid Library. This was the first self service automation system installed in a library world-wide. He gave lectures on LOANLY throughout Australia and in Britain. A paper on the project was submitted to the Australian Computer Society for the Case Study Prize and won the prize in 1978. Alex retired from UWA in 2004. He is Honorary Professional Fellow and lectures on ethics in computing. He does consulting work primarily for AARNet (Australia’s Academic and Research Network) and helped set up the Australian Access Federation which helps researchers to use resources in other facilities. He also works on how to support researchers in e-research such as SKA - the Square Kilometre Array, a global next-generation radio telescope project involving institutions from over 20 countries. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Reid, T Alex Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Sue Boyd Location The location of the interview Claremont, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 58 minutes, 53 seconds Interview 2: 55 minutes, 3 seconds Interview 3: 1 hour, 21 minutes, 29 seconds Total: 3 hours, 15 minutes, 25 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:52 Track 2 00:00 Sue was born in Calcutta, India in 1946. Her father was in the British Army. After WW2 he was posted to Germany. They left Germany when Sue was six years old and were posted to Northern Ireland and later Egypt, Cyprus and then Germany again. She attended 13 different schools in 5 different countries and was used to learning different languages. 11:16 The family returned to live in England in 1959. Sue attended Sudbury Girls High School in Suffolk where she did her ‘O’ levels. Then she attended Colston Girls School in Bristol and passed ‘A’ levels in English, French and German. She gained a place at Bedford College, London University to study education but took a gap year and taught in N Rhodesia (now Zambia) with the British Voluntary Service. 17:40 Meanwhile her parents had decided to migrate to Western Australia. Sue was not happy about this and wondered what a degree from UWA would be worth. They came out on the Canberra as £10 Poms. They found it was not England overseas. There were lots of things that were different such as names for things and meal times and subtleties of language. 26:41 The family arrived in February 1966 and Sue went straight into St Catherine’s College. Everyone was new so she didn’t stand out. They had been introduced to a family in Guildford and through them they met other people. Nonetheless, it took a bit of adjusting for her parents to feel at home in Perth. They were taken to City Beach by a man from the Good Neighbour Council the first evening they arrived and got dumped in the surf! 35:57 Pat Church was the Warden of St Catherine’s College. They were cliques from girls who had been friends at private schools so Sue chummed up with Shona Robinson who had just arrived from Canberra. They both joined the Judo Club which gave them some male friends. The Club sponsored Sue for the Miss University Quest. They were judged in a day outfit and an evening outfit. It was a way for people to get to know each other. They socialised with St George’s College and had dinners at other colleges. 41:14 Sue co-organised the Miss University Quest the following year and it brought her into contact with the Guild and the Vice Chancellery. She was invited to join Guild Council as Education Officer and organised Vietnam Information Week and Sex and the Single Student Week. She also campaigned to improve the standard of education in State schools. She was elected as President in 2009. She represented the university at Sydney and Melbourne for National Union of Australian University Students’ meetings. 49:43 Kim Akerman the Aboriginal Affairs Officer on the Guild supported the Aboriginal people in Leonora when a sacred site was being desecrated. The Guild made a point of pretending to have a mining claim on the War Memorial at Kings Park before Anzac Day to make a point! 53:40 Sue led a protest in Stirling Highway as the tunnel to give students safe access to cross the road was taking too long. St George’s students did a protest and then a sit-in was organised. Pelican dubbed it “Boyd’s Passage”. 57:52 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:36 Track 2 00:00 Impressions of campus. New Arts building and theatre spaces. Hackett Building. Nedlands and Park Road. Very good teaching staff. Her degree came second to her role as Guild President. Enjoyed English and Drama. Politics introduced in 2nd year set up by Professor Gordon Reid. Studied the unit with Kim Beazley. Bob Hetherington was their initial lecturer. Majored in English and Politics. Did Geology to do a science subject but Professor Rex Prider did not encourage female students. Sue found Psychology useful. Ali Landauer invented the system of landing lights at airports. He also taught about the transmission of DNA. Judith Laszio from Psychology was very encouraging and provided a study space for Sue in her house. 14:40 Social life was on campus but also outside with family and friends. There were always balls and dinners through different university faculties and colleges and also through the Guild. They used the Embassy Ballroom in William Street and the Pagoda in South Perth. There was a big focus on drinking which she found a little uncouth. Steve’s was a great meeting place. 20:03 PROSH was not as big thing then. Sue was very involved with Camp for Kids. Sport was a big part of student life both as a player and a supporter. 26:02 Relationship between Guild President the Vice-Chancellor, Stanley Prescott who used his intermediary Mr Angeloni to avoid confrontation. It had been proposed that the Guild President should be part of the Senate and Sue was the first Guild President to do this. At this time the demands of being Guild President were onerous and it was proposed that the Guild President should be given a year off from their studies and that they should receive a payment. Kim Beazley was the first Guild President who was salaried in 1970. The size of the university was growing but also students were becoming very politically active around the world. The Guild President was a public figure. There was a sense of change in the air. The network of student politics throughout Australia proved to be helpful in Sue’s later career. University broadened her horizons. 35:45 The student power was used to get rid of a bad teacher in the Economics and Commerce Department. It was decided that a student representative should be on each Academic Faculty Committee. The university now rewards teaching excellence. It is now core to the university’s focus. 38:48 By now, Sue was beginning to realise that teaching might not be the career for her. She did teaching practice at Tuart Hill and Hollywood Hill and enjoyed the teaching but was dismayed by staff politics and many of the children did not want to be at school. Sue had done vacation work for WA Newspapers and at the ABC and she could have worked for both of them. Tim (Kendrew) had been accepted into DFAT subject to his examination results and Sue decided to apply and was accepted. It was serendipity. David Irvine and Peter Cross from UWA were also accepted. There was a 3 day interview process in Canberra. What DFAT were looking for 54:27 Interview 3 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:36 Track 2 00:00 How did the degree from UWA help with Sue’s future career? All the subjects she studied have had their uses as did being Guild President. 04:12 Women in the Foreign Service were pioneers. DFAT were still resisting women being in Foreign Affairs as they thought they just got married and if they did – they were required to leave the service. The women in the service had to prove that women could do the job. There are some good women in the service like Frances Adamson who is ambassador to China. In Sue’s day women only went to places that were safe but were not in Australia’s policy focus so it was hard to gain promotion. A great deal of work was done to change institutional discrimination. Sue was on the first EEO committee making policy changes regarding married couples, children and aged parents and expectations on wives to be social organisers. It was a time of great change and Sue was an agent for that change. 12:30 Sometimes being a woman was an advantage. Sue was able to access the wives in Islamic countries for example. There were difficulties sometimes when it was expected that the High Commissioner would be male! You had to prepare them beforehand that they would be meeting a woman. 15:29 A degree from UWA is now worth a lot and people have heard of the university. UWA is in the top 100. Sue is now involved in the Senate. 16:30 DFAT influence government and look after the welfare of their citizens’ overseas particular in times of crisis such as the recent MH17 crash in the Ukraine. There was an air crash in Fiji on the first weekend of Sue’s arrival there. On another occasion she had to assist 3 young men who had been caught smuggling gold into Bangladesh. Working in the field the diplomats get to know people informally and can make ‘deals’ on issues. 26:14 Being ‘on the ground’ gives the High Commissioner a great deal of power. Sue was asked to assist on the Pacific Solution. She knew that Fiji did not really want to host asylum seekers due to many issues they had and managed to persuade Canberra to let them off the hook. Canberra consults with people on the ground quite frequently. The best ambassadors are people who can think for themselves and read the situation. 32:00 Sue had developed many of her cross cultural skills through her upbringing but also through her UWA degree and meeting international students. Between postings Sue would visit different universities to recruit staff. She maintained her networks in Perth and at UWA. The university changed over time and each Vice Chancellor put a different stamp on UWA. Deryck Schreuder pushed for UWA to be international. He asked Sue to talk to the Deans and invited her to be part of a working group to participate in this initiative. From that, the Dean of Engineering invited her to do a final year lecture on internationalism and cross cultural situations especially in situations. She was able to discuss failures and successes such as the Mỹ Thuận Bridge in Vietnam. 39:08 Deryck Schreuder arranged for her to receive an Honorary Doctor of Letters in 2002 and introduced her as being one whose conversation contained a mix of high policy and low humour. In 2003, Sue retired and came back to Perth. She was offered a board appointment on Gold Corporation. She was on the board for 3 years. Meanwhile in 2004, she was invited to join the UWA Senate. 4/23 of the Senate are independent of the university. Members are only allowed a 4 year term so Sue is in her last term. 43:05 Sue is now an Executive Business Coach which is very rewarding. She also mentors students. There are more women now in the upper echelons of business in Perth. The coach works confidentially with the client. 49:45 Track 3 00:00 In 2004, the Senate prepared for the Centenary which straddled 2011-2011. They put aside $10,000 from the Senate reserve every year from 2004 to celebrate the centenary. They appointed a Centenary Planning Committee chaired by June Jones who appointed Virginia Rowland as Executive. When’s June’s term on Senate expired in 2006, Sue Boyd took over the job. Three sub committees were established to work on the target audiences: (1) the internal audience of UWA; (2) the external audience and (3) the alumni. The purpose of the celebration was to celebrate the university which was created to serve the interests of the people of Western Australia. 05:25 They had originally thought about celebrating over the three years and sent out a request for ideas. It was important to get everyone in the university involved and excited about the Centenary. They decided that they needed an iconic event which became Ted Snell’s idea of “Luminous Night” festival which was to be a gift to the people of Perth. 10:08 They decided to celebrate landmarks over the three years rather than run the celebrations over 3 years – 2011: founding, 2012 arrival of staff and the main celebration in 2013. The Luminous Night kicked off the Perth Arts Festival and was the night the alumni were invited to campus. The public were invited to campus and it was hoped there would be flow on from the opening of the Festival on Matilda Bay. About 15,000 were expected but about 40,000 people came. People are still talking about it. 16:33 The University gives back campaign involved the different faculties doing a project in regional WA. There were some marvellous projects put on by the Business School (Pilbara); Arts Faculty music project in the Kimberley; Medical Faculty in Kalgoorlie and the Education Faculty Astrofest in the wheat belt. 22:00 There were other projects – the founding families, the Guild dinner and publication; the Centenary History book; a film; a phone app; the 100 Treasures of the University. It was a huge success. The university won a CASE award – a Grand Gold Award for the Centenary. It worked because the whole university were engaged with it and they gave it their all. 26:22 Ms Madeleine King was a UWA person who was appointed to pull the Centenary together and a job that Sue could not do as a volunteer. She established a Facebook and Twitter account and was invaluable to the success of the campaign. 28:48 There is a policy document for the next time. It was suggested it should be within the next 25 years (2025) and that a dedicated staff be appointed. 30:54 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/66992f6450ecd577130b78644e37e57c.mp3">Boyd, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b172b23e8a22d0edfb2157ad2c5672c7.mp3">Boyd, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/208cb05044d63a2b8fe8911f17b67394.mp3">Boyd, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/15ca411fcfdfc4d1d15390f14c89357d.mp3">Boyd, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/cb695afe8360b43305cd5c365b4dc93b.mp3">Boyd, Interview 3, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/deeefae0eacb62a823f4eff2640c1dbc.mp3">Boyd, Interview 3, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/441820d5df93951309d0b243383c03b7.mp3">Boyd, Interview 3, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sue Boyd interview, 10 July 2014, 16 July 2014 and 30 July 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Guild of Undergraduates Description An account of the resource Sue Boyd was born in Calcutta, India. She lived and was educated in Germany, Ireland, Egypt, Cyprus and Britain before migrating to Australia in 1966. Before joining the Foreign Service, she worked for three years as a journalist on the Perth Daily News and was a volunteer teacher in Zambia. She speaks a number of languages. She was Australian High Commissioner in Fiji, and was concurrently High Commissioner to Tuvalu, Nauru and Tuvalu, and Australia’s Permanent Representative to the South Pacific Forum Secretariat. Previous postings as Head of Australian diplomatic missions were Australian Consul General in Hong Kong Australian Ambassador to Vietnam and Australian High Commissioner in Bangladesh. Other diplomatic postings were in Australian diplomatic missions in Portugal, East Germany and the Australian Mission to the United Nations in New York. Before returning to Perth in 2003, Sue Boyd spent 35 years pursuing Australia’s international interests as a senior Australian diplomatic representative in Europe, North America, Asia and the Pacific. Following a career in international diplomacy, Sue Boyd is now an Executive Business Coach, international adviser and company director. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boyd, Sue Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Stewart Candlish Location The location of the interview Shenton Park, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 50 minutes, 32 seconds Interview 2: 56 minutes, 56 seconds Interview 3: 36 minutes, 3 seconds Total: 2 hours, 23 minutes, 31 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Track 2 00:00 Born 1943. Memories of austerity and cold. Studied science at school in Brighton. Discovered philosophy in his final year at school. 01:34 Father read Dennis Wheatley novels which Stewart also read. These books in the library were very close to philosophy and psychology, Read A History of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell which inspired him to explore the subject more thoroughly. 03:20 Studied at Leicester University. Applied for a scholarship to do a higher degree. Offered a job for the English Atomic Energy Authority. 06:00 He started to apply for jobs in England and the Commonwealth to teach Philosophy. Was offered 4 jobs – 2 in Australia and 2 in New Zealand. He took the one at UWA. The Department had been recommended by his supervisor as he knew some people in it. 06:58 Embarked on the Canberra on 14 January 1968 from Southampton and arrived in Fremantle on 3 February 1968. The Suez Canal was closed so they came around the Cape. 07:39 It was blisteringly hot and he had no idea that anywhere could be so hot – the description of a Mediterranean climate was misleading! Trying to find somewhere to live and the beginning of term was fast approaching. 09:00 When he heard a kookaburra outside the Arts Building he initially thought that the heat had driven somebody mad! 10:58 Encountered a red back spider in University House, a giant centipede in his bed and a scorpion in Myers Street, Nedlands. 11:30 Noel Bodycoat was the staffing officer and had asked him what he needed in the way of accommodation. The mining boom made accommodation scarce but he secured a flat in Broadway, Nedlands for what he considered were London prices. He lived here until he got married in 1971. 13:54 He had initially been given one week’s accommodation at Steve’s Hotel paid by the University and UWA paid 50% of the cost in the second week. Inflation was high. Consumer goods in Perth were more expensive as were fish and cheese. Wine was very reasonable! 17:07 There was no induction into the department – new staff left to their own devices. He was expected to live up to his responsibilities. You were thrown in at the deep end. 18:03 Professor Selwyn Grave was away when Stewart arrived. He was an avid climber. He would give advice but didn’t interfere. Prof Grave and Patrick Hutchings were New Zealanders. Julius Kovesi was a Hungarian refugee. An Oxford trained Indian called Surendra Sheodas Barlingay arrived at about the same time as Stewart to teach logic. George Seddon was on staff and is now better known for his environmental and landscape work but taught the Philosophy of Science. He moved to New South Wales about 3 years after Stewart arrived. 22:04 Barlingay left after a couple of years and was replaced by John Moore. There was a lot of coming and going of staff over the years. 22:36 R L Franklin, Ray Pinkerton and Ross Robinson had resigned before Stewart arrived. 23:22 Track 3 00:00 Discussion of contrast between Leicester University and UWA. The character of the departmental staff was very different. Staff in the Philosophy Department at UWA was more bourgeois than Leicester. Four of them were Catholic and family men. Leicester was much more social. 02:00 Student numbers at UWA were much more than Leicester. Classes and tutorials were bigger. Lectures of 200 and tutorial groups of 15 students. Had to learn how to hold their attention. 04:25 UWA taught what is now called Distance Education. They would come in during the vacation to attend classes. There was a lot of preparation and providing of written materials. There was a lot more formal effort. Heavy essay marking loads. Comments were expected. At this time the essays did not count towards the grade. 06:47 All the assessment was done by end of year exams. This involved 3 weeks of exam marking. 08:08 The student drop-out rate was higher than the UK but then only 2% of the British population got into university. The drop-out rate at Leicester was about 10% and would be 25-30% at UWA. This would have been almost the same as other disciplines. 10:30 The challenges of lecturing to large groups. Had to be more like a stage actor. Wearing gown to the first year lectures helped although it was unbearable in the March heat. Gowns were not worn to second year lectures and didn’t last much longer for first year teaching. 13:20 First year lectures were in the Murdoch lecture theatre twice weekly at 11am and repeated at 6pm for part-time students. Many were school teachers. 14:40 Track 4 00:00 The appeal of philosophy having been studying science. Examples of difficulties using physics as an example. 04:39 Example of difficulties he experienced in chemistry. Atomic structure. 05:50 Examples in mathematics – using calculus – concept of infinitesimal. George Berkeley. 07:39 Translations of foreign languages. How accurate can they be? 08:13 How do historians reconcile conflicting documentary evidence? 09:10 When you begin to ask these questions you are beginning to do the philosophy of science – mathematics- language- epistemology (the philosophy of knowledge) – and the philosophy of history. 09:39 Ethics is also a component of this. Moral thinking is also a branch of philosophy. 11:18 A lot of students who come into moral philosophy can find it very difficult as they already start with a definition. 12:00 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:32 Track 2 00:00 The 1970s. The Vietnam War. Stewart attended two marches in Perth. 03:23 Selwyn Grave said that UWA was the only quiescent campus during the Spanish Civil War. Plenty of student turbulence in other places – including Leicester University that has student sit-ins. UWA very quiet by comparison. 05:10 A journalist came to see him regarding student blockades at UWA. The universities in Paris are in the city whereas the UWA campus was not. There would have been no impact. 06:42 There were student demonstrations protesting about the dangers of crossing Stirling Highway from the colleges to campus. They were successful in getting two tunnels built. 07:45 Stewart believes that he was agitating more than the students. He argued for and succeeded in getting student representation on the Faculty of Arts 09:10 Asked to write an article about student unrest and how they could make an impact. Suggested that they should put pressure on the library resources. This was in the days before computers and electronic copies of articles. Not considered to be a glamorous way of protesting. Student agitation more about moral vanity rather than trying to make a change. 12:15 Contrast with the rest of Australia. Marxists on staff at Flinders University. Notorious events c1968 or 1970 at the Australasian Association of Philosophy Conference. Refused to accept any moderates as Chairs. 14:15 Meanwhile the University of Sydney Philosophy Department was divided into two – liberal and traditional and Marxists and Feminists. Further information can be found in James Franklin's book entitled Corrupting the Youth. 15:25 Track 3 00:00 Retirement of Professor Selwyn Grave in 1981. Mandatory retirement at age 65. He moved to Tasmania. 01:28 Selwyn Grave was a very nice man. He was very democratic. He took his share of the grunt teaching including first year teaching and marking. A good example to his staff and earned a great deal of personal loyalty. 02:58 Had a temper which he kept in check with iron self-control and a strong sense of duty. Amiable but volatile underneath. The students never saw this side of him. In fact he could be too gentle with them! 04:46 He held the Department together by force of personality and loyalty but when he left things began to unravel and tensions came to the surface. 05:16 He was almost a character from another era. He disliked using the telephone. In fact, it turned out that he didn’t really know how to use it! 07:56 He had terrible handwriting – only the secretary and Stewart could read it with relative ease. All articles had to be written in longhand. This meant that you had to get things right as everything then was typed up. Before the days of computers you couldn’t change things so readily. Comments on essays were written by hand. Amusing incident where a student couldn’t read what Selwyn Grave had written in the margin. In point of fact, he said that the student that he had appalling handwriting! 10:45 The department was consulted regarding his replacement but appointments at professorial level were made by a committee. There were power brokers in Australia who decided who was getting what Chair of Philosophy and in what order. They were generally influential people from interstate. 13:03 The next Professor was Michael Tooley who was Canadian and had worked at ANU. There was some local resistance to him due to his book entitled Abortion and Infanticide. This was a controversial work then and remains so today. He was called ‘Professor Herod’. In fact he was a genial colleague. 16:46 He did not stay long and left in the 1980s. He was not made welcome and did not enjoy administration. Now at the University of Colorado in Boulder. 17:55 Track 4 00:00 Philosophy is a discipline that could fit into any faculty and is often not totally comfortable in any. 02:24 Philosophers are often not popular wherever they are because they ask unsettling questions. Stewart would attend Psychology lecturers and ask questions about their experimental methods. It is natural for philosophers to question and argue. Where is the evidence? Others find this unsettling. 07:54 The Philosopher got on better with the Historians who would join in with theoretical discussions in the tea room. Philosophers tend not to be able to moderate the way that they work to take account of other people’s sensibilities so people in the Faculty of Arts might have found them odd. 09:23 Philosophy and Classics tend to be partnered together in institutions that are structured in way that it can work – such as at Oxford University. 12:08 When Stewart was lecturing on a Platonic dialogue to first years, he was perplexed by the argument. There were many translations; some were very good and some not so good. Translations done by Classical scholars did not really understand the argument. They tried to make the language too flowery and had expanded the text thereby losing the sense of it. 16:01 What are the ethics of translation? To enable staff members from Philosophy and Classics to work together on, say, translations of Plato would take a great deal of time and co operation. There wasn’t the structure in place at UWA to enable this to happen. 19:16 Several law students on the Arts/Law degree course came and studied Philosophy. Many of them were extremely good. One Honours dissertation was to do with intention in the criminal law of Western Australia. Stewart introduced some concepts in the Philosophy of Mind course to be more relevant to law students as many of the judgments debate criminal responsibility, negligence, recklessness and intention. 23:04 Interview 3 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Track 2 00:00 The Centre at Albany 01:52 Recording of lectures at UWA and use of local tutor. Visits from UWA lecturers 1-2 times each semester. 02:36 Lecture recording becoming a standard. Local students listened at home. 04:06 Problems of the recording technology. 05:36 The Albany students. 06:55 The local tutor. 09:20 Philosophy Café movement. 11:26 Philosophy Café format at Shenton College and St Hilda’s. 12:30 Long term effect of recording lectures. 14:31 Track 3 00:00 Study leave a standard condition of employment. One year in seven. A duty, then a right, then a privilege. 04:36 First leave taken in 1974. 04:48 Being able to buy books in the UK – much cheaper than in Australia. Very difficult to obtain. The University Bookshop was just for student text books. Deputation of academic staff 08:10 Buying up big in bookshops while on study leave. 09:17 Organising study leave. Visits to universities of Sussex, Cambridge, ANU, Illinois, Durham 11:26 Writing a study leave application. 11:59 Study leave report supplied to the Senate. These were posted on notice boards in the library. Deputy High Sheriff of the County of Wiltshire. 13:24 Track 4 00:00 Editor of The Australasian Journal of Philosophy in 2007. One of the world’s top 10 general journals. 02:50 350 submissions pa of which the journal would publish 30. Now in May 2013 submissions are over 600 articles a year. A significant commitment. 03:47 Publish material from unknown authors. Double blind reviewing now. 05:33 When he gives up the editorship things will have to change. Too onerous to teach full time and be editor. 06:19 UWA has had the honour of hosting the journal. First time edited in WA. Founded in Sydney in 1923. 06:52 The Library benefits from receiving books sent for review. 08:09 Track 5 00:00 Conclusion 00:10 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/38c890633c7dab57dba1973e244c31d3.mp3">Candlish, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8c0ce8d2546bafee81717fb589c5a735.mp3">Candlish, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/53c7d5db50e4d32c83857db16779c9ad.mp3">Candlish, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/260b613b9c6b028e54a517743198f56b.mp3">Candlish, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a0f3b144b15e378eb0bd860473296a12.mp3">Candlish, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/505be41629db6062123d45e45a39c214.mp3">Candlish, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8298d23563afaf9ae14ac201f044201b.mp3">Candlish, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/908e998c92217d8d6effd37343f352d3.mp3">Candlish, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8b82378b18608db0e0d68944fbad2ce8.mp3">Candlish, Interview 3, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/527e8914409f8ef4c8f6cea03d7df821.mp3">Candlish, Interview 3, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1d3bf903b412f2d9c92e58887ce1c142.mp3">Candlish, Interview 3, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0cd8bebddfdc418316e81885baed2e5e.mp3">Candlish, Interview 3, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e1055a5d98e6d7562dec8e7367c8fb8a.mp3">Candlish, Interview 3, Track 5</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stewart Candlish interview, 18 April 2013, 25 April 2013 and 9 May 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Philosophy Description An account of the resource Malcolm Stewart Candlish was born in Brighton in 1943. He graduated from the University of Leicester in 1967 with a BA (Hons) in Philosophy and an MA. In 1968 he accepted a teaching appointment at UWA. The Professor at that stage was Selwyn Grave. Stewart was a Lecturer from 1968-1972 and a Senior Lecturer from 1973-1989. From 1990 to 2001 he was Associate Professor of Philosophy. He retired in August 2007. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Candlish, Stewart Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Rosalind Lindsay Location The location of the interview Shenton Park, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 43 hours 56 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour 33 minutes 2 seconds Total: 2 hours 16 minutes 58 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:41 Track 2 00:00 Born Rosalind Catherine Creese in Hounslow, Middlesex, UK on 27 June 1935. Evacuated to Cardiff for six months during the War. Came home at Christmas 1944. Did 11+ at Gumley House, Isleworth. Started nursing. Did some clerical work. Then decided to learn more about agriculture. 02:46 Worked on a farm in Hampshire for a year. Then attended Hampshire Farm Institute. Worked on two or three farms doing dairy work and then decided she wanted to travel. 04:04 Booked a passage on The Southern Cross, which travelled to Sydney via Fremantle. Her mother had a cousin living in Sydney but she had always been intrigued by Australia. 05:40 She called into the Department of Agriculture and asked for a job in agriculture in Australia. She was sent to see Dr M.C. Franklin who worked with CSIRO and was setting up a meat research laboratory at the University of Sydney farm in Camden. The farm was used by the university veterinary students for their practical work. CSIRO was also setting up various research units into dairying, meat and poultry. Rosalind lived in a hostel that housed the vet students for their 6 months practical. 07:06 She met her future husband, David Lindsay, who was working as a postgraduate at the sheep research block which was attached to the University of Sydney. 07:58 She was made very welcome by Dr Franklin who lived with his family in Cobbitty, a little village outside Camden. 08:31 Track 3 00:00 David and Rosalind married on 24 June 1961 at St Paul’s Church in Cobbitty. David had come from a dairy farm at Dapto south of Wollongong. He carried on with his research work and finished his PhD. Their eldest son was born on 1 July 1962. 02:00 After his PhD had been accepted, the family moved to Pullman, Whitman Country, Washington, USA for a postdoctoral year. They were living there when President Kennedy was shot on 22 November 1963. Their second child, Kate, was born during in December 1963. 03:13 They returned to Sydney but it was difficult to get funding for animal agricultural research work. There was a problem with the fertility in ewes in Western Australia and David got the job at UWA as his specialist field was reproductive physiology. Professor Robinson who was David’s PhD supervisor was a graduate of the University of Western Australia and a friend of Professor Reg Moir who was not then a Professor but was working in the Animal Science Department with Professor Underwood. 05:22 They arrived in Perth on 2 January 1967 with three children and were met at the airport by the Moirs and taken to their house for lunch. The airport was very rural! They were booked into the Captain Stirling Hotel for a few days. 06:12 They found a University house that had been recently vacated at 3 Arras Street. Their furniture was on the way over from the eastern states. They were able to borrow some from people in the Animal Science Department but quite a lot from the Tuart Club Newcomers Store. It was a simple house that was built just after the Second World War. {Arras Street had been subsumed by Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital but it ran off Monash Avenue just before Hospital Avenue} Similar houses still exist in Parkway. The University also bought some private houses as temporary housing for overseas and interstate staff in the late 1970s. 09:14 The housing was provided for a year to give people a start. The Lindsay’s moved to Broadway, Nedlands in order to be close to the University and so that David could ride his bicycle to work. They moved to Shenton Park in 1974. 10:10 The Tuart Club also had monthly meetings and a Newcomers Club that did informal activities. Having young children, Rosalind could not always attend these evening activities. They also held activities in the day time such as coffee mornings and things at weekends that would involve the whole family. 11:13 The Lindsays and their children made friends with the families that lived in houses that backed onto their garden in Arras Street. The children went to the University kindergarten run by Dr Little and later to Nedlands Primary School. 12:48 Track 4 00:00 Rosalind did visit David at work. In fact, wives were encouraged to be interested in their husband’s work. The Series Club was a social club for the Animal Science staff and their wives. They had dinner parties at each other’s houses and arranged social events. 02:03 When they took the 4th year students on a farm tour it meant the staff already knew each other. There was a strong link between the University of Western Australia and the Western Australian farming community. It was a better relationship than that in New South Wales. 04:04 The University of Western Australia staff in Agriculture would often be up early and work late due to their type of work. 04:54 The Music Department were also very active in the community. Then the Festival of Perth became the University of Western Australia outreach. Rosalind thinks that the people of Perth feel some ownership of the University which was not the case in Sydney. 06:09 The Tuart Club had started before World War II. They had an Open House at one of the houses in Dalkeith each year. The Club made sure that every newcomer felt welcome and what services were available. In the days before Google their expertise was invaluable to new people. 07:53 There was also a welcome party that was held on behalf of the Vice Chancellor. It was held in February or March and people who had arrived in the last 6 months were invited. It was generally a cocktail party that would be held in the Sunken Garden. 08:33 Gradually the population was changing. More women were working and wives of the Vice Chancellors had ideas to do things differently. 08:56 The good thing about the cocktail party was that you would meet new people from all over the University. 10:07 Track 5 00:00 If you were interested you soon found yourself part of the Newcomers Committee. Rosalind became involved with the Newcomers Store. It was open one day a week but she also had the key so she could assist new arrivals on an ad hoc basis. 01:20 They also had Newcomers Coffee Mornings. There was a book group. They met in the Child Study Centre and at each other’s houses. There was a rule not to “out-cake” the last hostess! 02:47 There was a Wildflower Group. They would visit Kings Park and local native gardens from March to October. They would also have more far-flung excursions. 03:38 The monthly meetings offered an interesting speaker, such as Jeremy Green from the WA Museum who spoke about Dutch shipwrecks. The meetings would be held on campus in different faculty lecture theatres. 04:22 The interest groups would report what had happened during the year at the AGM. 05:36 In the early sixties it was suggested that a charity event be held rather than just social activities. Miriam Cooper was one of the early people behind this idea. They didn’t have a book sale at first. They started off a Save the Children Interest Group and sewed pyjamas to donate or other goods. They had concerts to raise money. Also a brass rubbing display. 07:12 Study leave was an important part of university life and academics were encouraged to go overseas every 7 years in order to bring back fresh ideas. The Lindsay’s went to France to their equivalent of CSIRO. 09:58 Going overseas also helped to revitalise the Tuart Club. The brass rubbings were an example of this. 10:46 There was also a painting exhibition. 11:06 Books were suggested as something else that could be sold to generate money as well as cakes. It took off. The first store was in Waratah Avenue. 11:39 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:39 Track 2 00:00 Rosalind was involved in the Save the Children Book Sale after the 1970s but used to drop books off before that to the garage at the back of a house in Bruce Street owned by the Edmonds family where they would be sorted and stored. Dr Edmonds was part of the medical faculty. His family have been involved since that time. 01:10 Due to the oversupply of books, the University was approached and agreed to offer a University owned house in Myers Street which was to be demolished at some stage. 01:47 The University made available the grounds truck for moving books from storage to the sale at the Undercroft. 02:27 Appeals for books were made around the campus, Uni News, the local press and sometimes in The West Australian. 03:10 The sorting was done between Christmas and the book sale in July at that stage. After the book sale was over not many books were received. People were tired and gearing up for the holiday season. Also, the South of the River branch of Save the Children had a book sale associated with Murdoch and Curtin Universities after the University of Western Australia sale and they didn’t want to take books that should be going to that sale. 04:04 People who came to the book sale would tell their friends and their friends would offer books. The university switchboard would field these calls for them and tell them the dates of the book sale. Books would be piled up outside the door as the sorting place was not manned all week. 05:18 Soon they needed more room and the university offered the use of the back of Shenton House. Then they moved to one of the university houses in Arras Street. It had a protected veranda and reasonable access. 06:12 The University was very generous in assisting with the Save the Children Book Sale. Perhaps they thought it was good PR? They assisted with housing the books and with little things that cropped up along the way. Later on, they allowed a banner to be erected at the front of the campus at the Stirling Highway intersection with Winthrop Avenue. The theatres administration took responsibility for the bookings on campus and the staff their assisted as well. The theatre staff assisted with ensuring that there was Public Liability Insurance. 07:57 The book sale had been held at the Undercroft for many years. At first it was a stall in Waratah Avenue and St Catherine’s College but this space was not large enough. 08:38 The book sale is well and truly part of the university calendar but permission is requested to hold the book sale each year. The sale was in July when the university operated under terms. With semesters, the book sale moved to August. It is a date that does not interfere with the university exams. 10:35 Chess Removals have been helping for quite some time with the set up for no charge. 11:33 There is a plan of what books go where. It has altered a bit over the years to reflect changing times but they try not to change things too much as regular attendees like to go to where they think their particular stand will be located. It also makes it easier for the helpers if things don’t change too much. The Australiana collectors tend to get there on the first night and those books sell very quickly. 12:19 There is a team of people who set up. If the sale opens on Friday evening, things are being brought across on Wednesday afternoon. Signs are put up on Thursday morning and a team of people bring the books in on Thursday afternoon. The remainder of the books are brought in on Friday. They are normally all unpacked by Friday lunchtime. 13:13 In earlier years, graduate students were paid as labour at the Depot. The team needs to be strong and prepared to work hard. Trolleys can be used in the Undercroft. The books are now stored at the corner of Underwood Avenue and Brockway in Floreat. At one stage the books were stored in the old Zoology Department near St Georges College. Every box of books is marked with their category. 14:57 Recently students have been volunteering to help as this gets accredited on their student record for community work. In 2013 people from the University Camp for Kids helped. They were given a donation. Somebody on the SCF Committee has made it their job to liaise with the students and have a stall on Orientation Day. 16:34 Rosalind liaised with the post graduate volunteers for several years. Notices were put up around campus and at the Guild seeking help. A list of interested people would be made and be handed to the Convenor. It worked very well. It was a sort of quid pro quo for all the assistance given by UWA. 17:41 At the depot, donated books are unpacked and sorted quickly. Books that cannot be sold are recycled. The books are then boxed to be categorised by the volunteers. As well as Australiana and Western Australian interest, there are hardback and paperback fiction, biography and speciality subjects. There are a lot of researchers who attend the sale to pick up books about Western Australia. 19:56 They try to make sure the books are all in good order as there is not enough room. Third copies that aren’t in such good condition may be sold for less money around the metro area. 20:45 Some people who are specialists in their field help to categorise the books and decide whether they should even be in the sale. Some of the Committee have become knowledgeable over the years and have used catalogues from second hand book dealers to increase their knowledge. 22:18 The book are priced and packed into boxes. They are now using Baxter boxes that are used by the hospitals. Previous to this wine cartons were used! The boxes mustn’t be over filled for health and safety reasons. They must be not more than 15 kg. 22:43 Towards the end of the sale boxes are books are sold. 23:58 Track 3 00:00 Pricing is crucial which is where the specialist marking is essential to not undervalue or overvalue. Car manuals can be very valuable even if they might not be in such good condition. 02:46 Sometimes new people work with a specialist to increase their knowledge. In the early days, Mrs Trish Benwell and Cath Prider used to price the Australiana and Western Australia books. They got quite competitive! They studied catalogues and visited book shops around town to increase their knowledge. 03:44 It was soon realised that they needed other categories. Sometimes a category is subdivided such as Hobbies into Embroidery and Carpentry. Similarly with languages. 04:52 Some people on the committee have made dividers for the table and table ends to keep the books tidy. If it is well organised people don’t feel so overwhelmed by the amount of books and leave. 06:19 The university has decreed that only a certain number of people can be in the Undercroft so there is a crowd control person and people have to queue too, only so many are allowed in at a time. Similarly only so many trestle tables are allowed inside the space so that there is enough room to move and browse either side of the aisle. 07:44 Managing the queues at the cash desks is also a fine art. Plastic fencing is used to keep the queue visible and tidy. There are a lot of people whose job is to add up the boxes and give people a docket to take to the cashier which is more efficient. People pay by cash or by EFTPOS. A power cut would be a disaster if the EFTPOS machines wouldn’t work as people expect to be able to pay this way. 09:47 Personal cheques are not encouraged as there have been cases where cheques have bounced. With EFTPOS people get a receipt. Some people also want to have a hand written receipt for tax purposes. 11:17 Track 4 00:00 The books are priced in pencil on the inside cover. Paperback fiction is priced at a third of the retail price, say approx. $6 if it looks new. It is harder to adhere to this rule with the downturn in the book shop market and the advent of pop-up bookshops. Another concern is the advent of Kindles and iPads which enable the use of e-books. 03:07 Paperback fiction is never priced too high. Reference books need more specialist knowledge as to whether they are set books or not. 03:58 There is a section of rare and valuable or old and valuable books which usually sell out first. It is important for people to have complete sets of books. Their knowledge is priceless for the running of the book sale. Surplus paperback fiction can be placed on this table as these books are normally sold out by Sunday lunchtime. 05:08 The sale is carefully monitored for people who might be trying to alter the price or do something dodgy. If a book is priced into double figures it is best to have that price written in words and numerals (i.e. $10 ten dollars). 06:07 There is no cross-referencing system of the pricing such as a typed catalogue of the books on sale. This might be done for some categories in the future. Rosalind does make a note in her notebook of unusual items that come in and what price they are sold for. 07:07 Some books come into the sale every year such as A Fortunate Life which is very popular. Unusual books or ground-breaking books retain their value. 08:13 To do a guide list or catalogue would be a huge job but this might happen if more books are sold online. Save the Children Australia would like to do this. This might widen the book sale audience to the whole of Western Australia. 10:53 People enjoy coming to the book sale as they enjoy visiting the UWA campus. It has become a tradition. Coffee is available during the week at the Hackett Hall Café. A recent innovation within the last 15 years has been the tent set up by a northern suburbs scout group who sell sausages and beverages at the weekend during the book sale. This has added to the atmosphere. The book sale volunteers also use this service. 14:12 When the book sale started it wasn’t over as many days. (In fact in 1970 it was over 2 days). Opening on a Friday night has been very popular. 15:00 There is a special category of children’s books which are very carefully sorted into age group. There are priced realistically. 15:55 Only magazines are priced at 50 cents each as it is too difficult to cope with the change so most of the books are priced in whole dollars. 17:10 Half price day is on Tuesday. On Wednesday (the final day) there is a special offer of so much for a box of books. It is preferable to clear the stock rather than have to take boxes of books back to the depot. 18:10 In the future they may be a special day or time set aside for a children’s book sale. The main problem is space. The consensus now is to make do and things that can’t be fitted into the space must be sold elsewhere. 19:07 They receive a lot of ephemera such as theatre programmes. These are difficult to price, display and sell so much of this is taken to specialist book fairs in the Perth metro. 20:36 One or two members sell books at a stall at the Hyde Park Festival. These are generally books that they have an oversupply of. 22:12 Track 5 00:00 Publicity is not an easy task. There is internal publicity within UWA. Posters are also sent to the local libraries and dropped off at the State Library. They are sent to the local papers. There are also paid advertisements sent to some publications to ensure that something is advertised with all the days and times. 03:30 Visiting celebrities such as Amanda Muggleton have been photographed to advertise the sale while promoting their own show. 04:03 For 5-6 years, the ABC has broadcast live from the book sale on Saturday morning. They talk about it in the week leading up to it. Even before this, Peter Holland would promote it on the afternoon session. 05:53 They try to have a Publicity Officer as this is such an important aspect to the success of the book sale. It is a skill. Using the internet has become an important aspect today. There have to be public interest stories to capture the imagination. 06:54 People who drop off books are given notices to take away to promote the sale. The artwork for the leaflets used to be done by Kyra Edmonds’ granddaughter. Cara’s daughter Margaret Setchell and her husband Paul have been supporters and or office bearers over the years. 08:23 There is a SCF Committee with a President, Vice President, Treasurer, Secretary and general committee members. Not everyone on the committee all the time would be totally hands-on with the sale. 10:37 Save the Children has a manual which the WA branch has adopted by degrees that covers advice on volunteers. Prior to that much of their business was based on the constitution for the Tuart Club which gave guidelines for the AGM, the auditing etc. 11:28 There was an exercise book where procedures and tips on running the book sale were written down. This has now been typed up. After the sale there is a debriefing session. At this time the Secretary will ask the University if the event can be run again next year and sends out thank you letters. 13:51 There are not formal elections but there is an election and people are asked if they are prepared to stand and new people are nominated to vacant positions. They don’t have a competition for committee places which would entail a ballot. 15:02 Forward planning is considered. Sometimes it is necessary for long-term people to step down from the committee in order to encourage new people to join. 16:00 Not everyone can sort books as the dust is troublesome to their health but there are many other roles. 16:44 Committee members are successfully encouraged to join through advertising in Uniview. They encourage people to come to a meeting to see what goes on and meet people. Sometimes people offer to help at the book sale. 4 or 5 meetings are held each year to plan the book sale on top of the AGM meeting. The meetings are usually held on Tuesday lunchtime at the book house. 19:54 Track 6 00:00 People who have been involved in the Save the Children Fund book sale over the years. 06:33 The booklet written by Sue Graham-Taylor needs updating now. The archives are in a cupboard at the book house. They have been sorted and listed by archivist Wendy Robertson. They probably need to be moved to the UWA campus. 07:59 The money raised by the book sale is given by cheque to head office. For many years they were allowed to nominate projects with which they would like to be associated. Between 1/4 and 1/3 of the money raised is spent in Australia. There are many projects happening in Western Australia. 09:54 Members are welcome to visit SCF projects. The Australian SCF groups now tend to support the Pacific Rim countries rather than Europe. One or two members have been to Lao PDR. 11:40 SCF ran Out of School Care at Lockridge 13:11 There is another project running at Armadale. There have been visits organised to see the work here where new arrivals are cared for while the mothers can learn English. A small group are taken shopping to help with living in a community. There are a lot of projects in the Kimberley or other remote places in WA. 15:02 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e4703d82733b6d19d0a25f689cedc4ee.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/646bb7fcb2dac46afca305f12e3d1f7b.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/08507299d589a645045177c933cc1d7e.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/59c750c57eb11e105fc94a5d600f7b31.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f8040f0bf403529e7f3e5d7852eff864.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 1, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/60fc7d0a85a5e637bd17765e69354e32.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/56823c8973a9b83e4dddefacf5603e1e.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/09c6df0f1bc39749d5b03090dad39f14.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/00f9ea730af1ccffa71afc9b971359c2.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d37c6e39a36e934f5c7b9aaa701bef29.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 2, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/98ee469d0d2389a66d409ee3f41f720a.mp3">Lindsay_Rosalind, Interview 2, Track 6</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rosalind Lindsay interview, 15 October 2013 and 25 October 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Save the Children Book Sale Description An account of the resource Rosalind Lindsay was born in England in 1935 and came out to Sydney, Australia in 1959. She met her future husband, David Lindsay in Camden, New South Wales. They married in 1961 and moved to Perth on 2 January 1967 when David got a job at the Department of Agriculture at UWA. The first interview discusses university housing at Arras Street, Hollywood, the Tuart Club, the Newcomers Committee, study leave and the beginnings of the University Branch of the Save the Children Book Sale. The second interview discusses the Book Sale in more depth. 2014 will mark the 50th anniversary of the Save the Children Book Sale. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lindsay, Rosalind Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Robin Warren Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 53 minutes, 39 minutes Interview 2: 54 minutes, 54 seconds Total: 1 hour, 48 minutes, 33 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 John Robin Warren 1937. Early information background. Father 1840 mother 1836 to Adelaide. Robins early recollections. Inspiration and history of medical involvement. Engrossed in reading. Background, inspiration 00:05:02 Oxford junior encyclopaedia. Interest in astronomy. Hobby of photography. Box brownie developing own films. Enjoying looking through microscopes. Health as a teenager. Reading, health 00:09:35 Parents encourage study. Coming to be interested in an academic career. Education encouraged with commonwealth scholarships. Thoughts of studying medicine. Fascinated in medical history. Study, medicine 00:13:17 Original medical discoveries made. Loving going to university. Serious student enjoying reading. Difficult to do the things that you have to do. First year at university was an extension of high school. Matriculation. University, matriculation 00:17:16 Western Australians come to Adelaide to study. Memories of university. University has expanded and more discoveries. Expensive medical study and expensive technology. Technologies help advancements in career. Career, technologies, university 00:20:25 Interested in working PNG. Robin Cooke was the pathologist at the time. Department of Foreign Affairs takes a long time to make things happen. Memories of ten Seldam and Doug Hicks talking at Royal Melbourne hospital. Plans of coming to Perth. Nobody argues with Rolf [ten Seldam]. Rolf ten Seldam, Perth 00:23:57 The reputation of UWA and Royal Perth hospital. Melbourne location and connections to the world. Isolation. People in Perth had their own little thing. Royal Perth Hospital and QE2 Hospital were not connected. Talking to people at the university. UWA, Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital 00:27:15 Memories of the medical school. University of Melbourne compared to UWA. Research pathology. A clinical pathology. Interest in Histopathology. Interest in haematology. Haematology, pathology, UWA 00:31:35 Peth and general pathology. Areas of histopathology. Interest in Gastro pathology. Difficult to study. Endoscopy and surgical specimens. The flexible endoscope. Whitehead describes the histology of the stomach. Histopathology, gastro pathology, flexible endoscope 00:36:45 Discovery of the helicobacter. Fact that bacteria didn’t grow in the stomach. Description of bacteria growth in a layer of stomach mucus. Looking at connection to gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcers. Duodenal ulcers, helicobacter 00:40:50 Looking at the blue line. Other colleagues could not see bacteria. Microbiology an seeing bacteria in the tissue. Staining bacteria to observe them. Organisms stained with silver and acid fast stains. Bacilli otherwise invisible. Bacilli, microbiology, bacteria 00:45:07 No one believes that bacteria exists. Just something different. Looking for bacteria finding them easily. Spiral shapes bacteria. Growing in palisades. 30% - 40% of biopsies have bacteria. Stumbling across the bacteria. Interest in photography helps. Bacteria 00:51:44 Taking a picture and discovery. Interest in photography and Microbiology - Everything comes together at that time. discovery 00:53:39 Interview 2 00:00:00 meeting Barry Marshall. First professional who was interested in work. Barry wasn’t particularly interested. Looking at normal gastric mucosa. Biopsies from the gastric antrum. Showing the changes in information. Barry Mashall 00:04:30 Barry becomes very interested in discoveries. Cause of ulcer. No one believes robin warren. Studies undertaken in 1982. 100 Patients are biopsied. Symptoms of gastric problems. Symptoms related to ulcers. Symptoms, ulcer, studies 00:0:7:30 Patients have biopsies. Clinical findings for duodenal ulcers. Bacteria closely related to Duodenal Ulcers. Gastric infection and d ulcers. The result and response to ulcers. Front page of the New York Times and spread of the theory. Bacteria, gastric infection, New York Times 00:11:23 Barry Marshall come up with idea for treatment. General public and acid inhibiters. Treatment for ulcers. Specialist protect their theories. Specialist in the royal hospital oppose ideas. GPs are interest. Recognition. Treatment of the ulcer and infection. Barry Marshall, recognition, treatment 00:15:16 Opposition and disbelief. The rest of the world and ultimate ratification of Robin Warren and Barry Marshall findings. Research work in America. People don’t believe findings from WA. Disbelief, research work 00:18:28 Barry Marshall drinks bacteria. 90% of people are infected by HP. Organisms and out of balance. Comparison to the bubonic plague. Polio virus and spectrum of changes with any virus. A chronic infection and ulcers. Barry Marshall, virus, chronic infection 00:23:18 Being infected and treatment with antibiotics. Barry Marshall drinks a huge does of bacteria. Nasty active virus results. The response to the experiment. Barry Marshall 00:26:27 Recognition result slowly from the beginning. A hit at Brussels conference in 1983. Trouble with publishing papers in The Lancet. Getting peer reviews. Not having any peers at the time. Campylo *and Vibrio* bacteria. Getting letters and papers published. Two paradigm shifts in the paper. Bacteria are causing ulcers. Campylo Bacteria, ulcers, publications 00:31:40 The most published paper in the world. Trying to prove findings wrong. Correct cure for ulcers is to cure helicobacter. Goodwin, Surveyor and Morris*. Memories of Goodwin and the new type of bacteria. Ivor Surveyor, Barry Mashall and radio isotopes. Goodwin, Surveyor, Morris*, Barry Mashall , radio isotopes 00:35:14 Beginning of the breath test. Memories of Morris and a mild gastritis. Koch postulate and findings of a brilliant microbiologist. Koch Postulates. Isolated bacteria and cause of disease. Koch Postulates, breath test 00:39:10 Successful treatment of ulcer. Speaking invitations and world travel. Nobel Prize winners are in demand. 1994 Foundation prize for Harvard medical school* and other awards received. Best gifts. Awards, Foundation prize Harvard Medical School 00:44:00 Memories of the build up to Nobel Prize. Guest speaker in the late 90s. Taking time off and retirement. Barry has kept on going. Nobel Prize, Barry Marshall 00:45:45 Memories of the Nobel Prize in 2005. Having dinner on the night of the nomination. Having an idea that the Nobel Prize was on the cards. Success of treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Occasional surgical experiments. Duodenal ulcers, treatment, experiments 00:49:43 A telephone call while having dinner at the old swan brewery. Thing go crazy and not possible to have dinner. Leaning on a fence that isn’t a fence. Memories of the award ceremony. 00:54:54 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5fccce2b7de92280fed444024fd955ba.mp3">Warren, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/9cbf63b892b054fc4baa06b1e7368fd1.mp3">Warren, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d25c62ad825b9da6d3daef9261444db5.mp3">Warren, Interview 2, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robin Warren interview, 2 July 2014 and 8 July 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Medicine Description An account of the resource Robin Warren was born in 1937, Adelaide, South Australia. He matriculated in 1954, gaining a Common-wealth scholarship and obtaining entry to the Medical School of the Adelaide University in 1955. Following university he became Registrar in Pathology for training in morbid anatomy and histopathology. He hoped to obtain a position as pathologist at Port Moresby before being posted to Perth WA in 1968 by Professor Rolf ten Seldam, the Professor of Pathology at the University of Western Australia and the Royal Perth Hospital. During the 1970’s he developed an interest in the new gastric biopsies that were becoming frequent. In 1979, on his 42nd birthday, he noticed bacteria growing on the surface of a gastric biopsy. From then on, Robin spent much of his spare time centred on the study of these bacteria. Over the next two years, he collected numerous examples and showed that they were usually related to chronic gastritis. With Barry Marshall he would develop a theory and prove that the bacteria, Helicobacter pylori, caused stomach ulcers. He also helped developed a breath test for detecting H. pylori in ulcer patients Their findings were met largely with disbelief. But after initial publications in 1983–1984, a wealth of further studies appeared, most of them apparently just repeating their work, with similar results. Still most support for their work came from patients and GPs dealing with gastric and duodenal ulcers. Gradually their work gained world wide acceptance and resulted in both Robin Warren and Barry Marshall being awarded a Nobel Prize in 2005. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Warren, Robin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Rita Clarke Location The location of the interview Claremont, WA Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 45 minutes, 46 seconds Interview 2: 41 minutes, 45 seconds Total : 1 hour, 27 minutes, 31 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00: 35 Track 2 00:00 Rita and her husband John came to Australia in 1964. Rita’s brother was already living in Floreat. House was designed by the architect Peter Overman. They loved the lifestyle. 01:34 Rita was told that she could sit for a matured aged exam for the University of Western Australia. Rita hadn’t taken A levels because she wasn’t sure what she wanted to do but worked in France for a year. There was a general knowledge component, English plus an elected subject. Rita chose French. She passed and was accepted into a university degree. 02:08 Rita was working so she studied part-time. She took English, French, Philosophy and Music. The Music Department was headed by Professor Callaway and the department was located at Tuart House. Rita loved the course. Professor Callaway was trying to get all the graduates to come in and do at least one unit in music. He wanted the students to become music educators. Rita did music education. 02:57 Rita was going to major in music but had her first baby at the end of the third year. When she told Professor Callaway she was pregnant and would have to leave he said why and encouraged her to keep going. Rita gave birth to Philippa in September and David Tunley tutored her for what she had missed. Rita majored in English poetry and the novel. 04:00 It was a small university then. Rita was looked on as a matured aged student even though she was only 23. Most of the other students were 17 and hadn’t been out of Western Australia. They weren’t very worldly and enjoyed having the matured aged students in the tutorials. 04:29 Rita was living in Karrinyup by this stage so she didn’t spend much time on the campus. She finished her degree and had two more girls. 04:45 When her eldest daughter was about nine years old Rita decided to return to do a post graduate degree. A careers advisor at UWA suggested she try working for the campus radio. Rita had not realised that there was a radio station on campus. 05:05 In about 1984, Rita called into Radio 6UVS-FM and said she was interested in doing some radio work but was worried that she might be too old. However, the station manager at the time Pieta O’Shaughnessy was about the same age. They had just started an arts programme called “The Stupendous Stereo Stage Show”. Rita was asked to do some literary reviews and interviewing. Ann Tonks was running the programme with Barry Strickland. Barry Strickland has been on the Board of the Festival of Perth and is now on the Board of the Fringe Festival. Ann Tonks moved to the ABC and later managed the Melbourne Theatre Company. 05:59 Ann Tonks took over the management of Radio after Pieta O’Shaughnessy left. 06:05 Pieta was very encouraging. Rita did a few little things on morning programmes. Then she was given her own morning programme because she was fascinated with the science of radio broadcasting and wanted to learn how everything worked. 06:21 On her first breakfast programme somebody from the Centre of Water Research had invited a Professor from Cambridge to talk on the radio. Rita was given 5 minutes grace before she had to interview him. She discovered that what is interesting about a subject is the person doing the subject and how they became involved in the study. 07:15 Right from the start she had to think on her feet and she enjoyed doing this and found it very exciting. 07:27 Ann Tonks applied to manage Radio 6UVS-FM but was unsuccessful. The successful applicant was an American called Bill McGinnis. 07:51 Track 3 00:00 Before Pieta the radio station had been run on lines similar to the BBC. The focus was on current affairs and classical music. 00:34 Pieta tried to make it more popular and involve the students. There was a classical section. They promoted new bands and local talent. Then she started up the 4 hours evening arts programme which covered dance, concerts and so on. 01:03 Rita’s first interview was pre-recorded and was with Steven J Spears from the Rocky Horror Show. Rita had prepared a big list of questions and found this method stultified the interview and didn’t allow it to grow organically using interesting themes from his responses. 01:53 Interviewing one top Cambridge Don, his first answer opened up all sorts of options. After an initial feeling of panic, she decided to go with the last thread. She relished those moments because it made the job very exciting. 02:27 Other interviewees included Richard Harris, Harry Seycombe and Ronnie Corbett. The big stars wanted publicity when they were in Perth. Rita also interviewed Jane Campion at the beginning of her film career. 03:14 After Pieta left in about 1986, Ann Tonks applied for the job but they gave the job to an American called Bill McGinnis. Ann went off into other fields but came back later in 1997 to take over the reins. 03:36 Bill was more commercial and he decided that they should have sponsorship. He asked Rita if she would do the breakfast show. Rita had to get up at 4am as she had to drive in from Karrinyup. Her youngest daughter was 9 years old so the children were able to get themselves ready for school. Her husband was very supportive. As she became more familiar with the show she was able to leave later. This was made easier when they moved to 18 Everett Street in Crawley. 04:55 The radio station was located downstairs in some demountable buildings near the Faculty of Architecture. Rita would see some of the students leaving after working on projects for most of the night. Rita was alone in the building at 6am. When she had guests, they would ring the bell and she would put on some music while she went to collect them. One day the Vice Chancellor came on the radio and was unimpressed that she was working on her alone but nothing came of this. 06:27 Then it moved upstairs in the Sanders building in Myers Street. There was room to house the sponsorship worker, Dean. At one stage there was a waiting list for sponsors to get on the breakfast show. Many of car dealers wanted to be sponsors. 07:32 Olwyn Williams manage the classical music section. In the evenings lots of students came on and played their own type of music. Bill asked Rita to play rock n’ roll on the breakfast show. It was very popular. 08:39 Rita realised that guest speakers from the different Faculties at UWA provided a wealth of anecdotes and information. She suggested that the station produce a magazine but this idea was not taken up until the radio station was closed. Some of the academic wanted to have accreditation if they came on and did a series of programmes. Because this wasn’t accepted by the university, some of them declined to be interviewed. 10:25 Unfortunately the interviews weren’t saved and were taped over. There were big reel to reel tapes in those days. Rita has a few tapes and Dean took a lot when the station shut down. 10:46 Bill McGinnis started including promos. This was very new then. Bill left to take up a position with community television and Ann Tonks took over. Timothy West is appointed Director-in-Residence at UWA in 1982. He produced “Women beware women”. Ann Tonks played the main role. Rita was assistant stage manager. They got to know him and his wife Prunella Scales really well as they stayed here for a year. 13:23 Ann boosted the arts and the radio station would interview those taking part in the Festival of Perth. When she decided to leave in 1989. She joined the Australian Broadcasting Corporation as Station Manager of Radio National. Rita got in touch with the Australian newspaper and suggested that they do a piece on Ann. As they had no journalists to write the article, Rita wrote it and included one of her own photos (which she later realised was not the thing to do as they had sent an official photographer to do take the photo). 15:59 The station ran a competition for the best radio play and recorded it live at the Dolphin Theatre. 17:05 In those days everybody was doing everything themselves. Nobody had a producer. Towards the end of Rita’s time on the radio station she began to get producers – mainly from people who volunteered as they wanted to get into radio. 17:33 The breakfast programme was from 6am to 9am. Pieta did the breakfast programme for a while. When Pieta left, somebody else presented it for a while. After they left, Bill asked Rita to do it. Rita comments that you have to not mind being caught out when things go wrong. 18:22 Rita liked to ask different questions as she was well aware that celebrities had been asked the same questions by all the media. Rita asked Eric Bogle the folk singer if he was a breast fed baby. He later said that this was the best question he had been asked. 19:25 The West did an article about the breakfast show and asked Rita who she had interviewed. When the article was published, she was accused of being a name dropper. 19:53 Spike Milligan came for a pre-recorded interview in the evening. He said that he hated journalists as he considered them to be “full of themselves”. He said that Rita was all right but he supposed that nobody listened to this! 20:38 David Blenkinsop was Director of Perth International Arts Festival from 1975 to 1999. He was interviewed about the Festival and was annoyed that she did not attend the press conference. Rita had not been told about it. Luckily she was not taken aback by this and the interview went well. 21:24 Track 4 00:00 Ann was very strategic and a good manager. When the university decided to close down the radio station. Some of the university’s money had to spend on communication and community. Some of the money for the radio was also coming from Murdoch because they were training media students. 00:55 The pressure came about from the publication of the Dawkins Report in 1987 and universities were being rationalised. From this time, Rita felt that the university changed and people felt under pressure from cost cuts. 01:29 Ann suggested the eventual protest at the closing down of the radio station. They got a lot of publicity and saved the station. 02:19 Rita had been a volunteer for a long time. Pieta offered her a stipend of about $100 a month. When Bill arrived, he employed Rita as the breakfast announcer and producer and she got a regular wage. 02:50 After Ann left the job was advertised and it was offered to a charming young Englishman. He started a magazine up for the radio (not the whole campus). Alison Farmer was the editor. She did reviews for the West Australian. 04:33 He had the idea to get CD’s published of some of the music. He had good ideas but they did not have the resources to fulfil some of them. 04:52 The university were a little annoyed because they were trying to get money from outside sources at the same time as the radio station was seeking sponsorship. Other department were also trying to do this. Ultimately the university decided that all sponsorship had to go through the administration. 05:22 In 1990 they decided to close the radio station again. The new head of the radio was advised not to kick up a fuss and the station was closed down. 05:51 Some of people on the music side were especially keen to keep going. The university let them keep the area for a peppercorn rent but they had to change the name to 6RTR. It moved off the campus to Mount Lawley in January 2005. Rita was involved in the radio station from 1980 to 1990. It was a fantastic ten years. There was no leaving party for the station. 07:29 The last head of the radio station asked Rita would come off the breakfast show and do the afternoon arts show. A young girl came on the breakfast show and made it more music orientated. 08:36 Eoin Cameron was doing the breakfast show on the ABC. The ad for his show said “Have Breakfast with Eoin” and showed him in the shower with a shower cap on. Rita suggested that they should put out a rival ad saying “Wouldn’t you rather have breakfast with Rita”! 09:22 Like Eoin, Rita used to play a lot of comedy such as “Round the Horne” from BBC Radio 4 as well as snippets from “Fawlty Towers”. She also started reading “The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole aged 13 ¾”. One day the book disappeared and she could not read the book on air. There were so many phone calls from disappointed listeners. The publishers had been selling out of the book due to the demand. The booked appealed to both young and old. 10:55 At the time, there was nobody who tried to work out their audience figures. The different arts disciplines used to listen because the interviews were really meaty. There were no time constraints to fit it into a small slot. Presumably, the sponsorship officer would have to have had some idea of audience numbers to attract willing sponsors? 12:01 Rita had 3 children and was very busy so she was in and out and probably didn’t realise everything that went on in the office. 12:23 Towards the end the station had about 4 full time office staff. In addition to this there were lots of presenters. Older people came in and presented the nostalgia music programmes on Sunday mornings and played 30s and 40s music which had a big following. 13:13 Anybody could come in and suggest a programme. If it sounded interesting enough you could do it. Bridget Ross covered the visual arts. She and Rita did a programme in the morning “But thinking makes it so” which took a theme and covered different aspects of it. The programme won the Australasian Hi Fi prize for the most creative use of the medium. This was included in the campus brochure. Others won prizes for their music programmes. Rita went over to Melbourne to collect the prize. 14:22 They would do community announcement for UWA – for example promote the free concerts. If people told them about events, they would promote them. The Medieval Society would come on and talk about what they did. One of the people in the Medieval Society did theatre reviews. Rita often used people from the English department to go and see shows and review them. John Rapsey did the film reviews on the breakfast programme. People also came on and did book reviews. There was also a West Australian book programme. Olwyn would play on air certain pieces that the Music Department were playing. 15:55 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Track 2 00:00 Rita studied English under Colin O’Brien. He was an expert on Shakespeare. She did Hamlet as her main study. Tom Gibbons tutored her in 3rd year and told her class that they couldn’t write essays. 03:16 The novels they had to study were the classics such as “Middlemarch” by George Elliott and James Joyce. The poets studied were Hardy, Keats and Yeats. Rita attended Yeats Summer School in Sligo after she left the radio. She wishes that she had been able to be on campus more. 15:15 Patrick Hutchings used to wear his gown to lectures. He later converted to Catholicism. 05:53 The French study was tough as you had to read and write in French. Rita studied Baudelaire and Rambaud. 06:24 Rita also studied music education. 06:32 The arts department was in its present location. The Fortune Theatre was pioneered by Colin O’Brien. The peacocks seem to watch and critique the plays. 07:45 At the time there was no drama section in the English department. 08:12 Rather than themes, the novels were studied for point of view and tone. 09:11 The music department had a similar method of contrast and compare composers for their essays. You had to work really hard to get good marks. 10:30 Track 3 00:00 At the radio station there were technicians who helped with pre-recorded interviews. They would help people who were interested in learning the ropes and how to edit. When she was on air with somebody she watched how they did it. 01:32 When you were presenting your own show you were left alone and had no help so you had to know what you were doing. Bill encouraged his staff to preserve the mystique of radio. At one time Rita edited something while she was on air. You were always able to get help and tuition if you needed it. 03:08 There were two tape machines and two turntables. The promos could be aired while you had a break. 03:39 Rita would get to the station at 6am or earlier when she was presenting the breakfast programme. She would play the news from London first up and snippets from Deutsche Welle. It was too early to do live interviews so she would play some comedy and music and perhaps a pre-recorded interview. There was no talk back. Rock n roll records were 2-3 minutes. 04:48 One morning she was quite ill as she had been out the night before and had had champagne and oysters. She had to play records while she ran to the bathroom! She had to call Olwyn to come and take over for the last half hour. She generally used to go back to the UK for Christmas or to Rottnest and Moira Martin would take over. Apart from holidays, she didn’t miss many (if any) radio shows. 05:58 The show would be planned in time segments but a lot of it was off the cuff as she didn’t have a producer. It wasn’t a commercial station so they didn’t have ads coming in. People came in to talk after 7am. News bulletins took about 10 minutes. Michael Bosworth came on to talk about Alexander the Great for example. There were some regulars one of whom as Colin who did “News from Nowhere”. Patrick O’Brien (Political Science) used to come on and was very lively and provocative. 08:21 The show always ended with a record so there was no chance that it would run into the next segment and it gave the presenters time for the change over. 09:07 The show had a good following and received a great deal of sponsorship. People liked being on university radio as it had integrity and reached a wide audience. The radio station had interesting guests and was very ethical. They considered themselves to be like the ABC. Radio is good for tapping into the imagination. 12:00 The ABC didn’t consider them as a rival radio station even though they often contributed to Radio National. In hindsight it is a wonder that the ABC didn’t have a stronger collaboration with Radio 6UVS-FM. Many of the Festival performers would be interviewed by both stations. Spike Milligan’s interview was quite long because he talked about a lot of interesting things such as growing up in India. Radio 6UVS-FM was able to play long interviews if they wanted to and weren’t confined by programming issues. 14:29 Many of the presenters from 6UVS-FM would later be picked up the ABC such as Jane Figgis. Rita was asked to do an interview with the ABC when they had a vacancy but at the time she was very happy where she was. Martin Marshall also went to the ABC. He was very excited when he had to interview the Pointer Sisters. He now runs the Good Store in Victoria Park. He married Olwyn Williams. Barry Strickland went to the ABC for quite a while and is now on the board of the Fringe Festival. 18:03 The radio station attracted very talented people. It was a very creative atmosphere at the station. 19:02 Track 4 Discussion of interview tapes 00:00 Stephen Daldry, Director from the Royal National Theatre, came over for the Perth Festival in 1995 with “An Inspector calls”. 00:34 Jerzy Sikorski, bone specialist, 1995 talks about hospitals being the new cathedrals 00:55 Sam Pickering, American essayist, 1993 01:15 Did a series of interviews for Radio National on Yeats Summer School in Sligo on a scholarship from the Irish Australian Society. 02:01 Sam Wannamaker c1990 talking about the need to save the Globe Theatre in London. 02:47 Jonah Jones, Moet & Chandon, 1992. He was here to give an art prize at the Art Gallery of WA. 03:14 Tim Winton (writer), Robert Juniper (artist) and photographer Richard Woldendorp, 1999. 03:57 Brian Bosworth talks on Alexander the Great in 1993. 04:15 Rita did a series of interviews on beach culture for the Australian Relationships including the Snake Pit at Scarborough in March 1989. 05:04 Off-air breakfast recording and an interview on Sex and Relationships. 06:02 Beach culture from neck to knee to nude. The world in a grain of sand. 06:24 Fiona Shaw (who played Harry Potter’s aunt Petunia) came over to Perth with director Deborah Warner for the Angel Project. 06:56 Science Bookshop was put on by other presenters at the radio station. 07:09 Anthony Lawrence poet. 07:31 English actor Martin Shaw 1983. Professor Callaway, May 1993 07:48 The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Clerkenwell, London, 1991. 08:05 Off air breakfast interviews with Graham Blundell, Spike Milligan, Professor Basil Sansom and Graham Rapsey (film reviewer). 08:25 Track 5 00:00 Rita was very grateful that she went to the radio station as it brought together her interests and expertise. She learned to be a radio journalist, producer, presenter, feature writer and critic. She wrote articles for the Australian and the Financial Review. She also wrote articles for the West Australian. 02:52 She is grateful to the university and the radio station. It was an exciting vibrant time. 03:18 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/348bdc901ad121ad005148d609886a7d.mp3">Clarke, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c8cb697d3b8b8d0afacf35c2a9e7d426.mp3">Clarke, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/957609478b5ee46153b97d236779c301.mp3">Clarke, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/92cffc027af1c9cf60644acd91ace5cb.mp3">Clarke, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/042219c1720a03f0cfa33e973fa96839.mp3">Clarke, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5afea2a7c79420a5b11497bf68fb5fa6.mp3">Clarke, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/faf3b10016dc0a38b548c8f29de7d674.mp3">Clarke, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e4893d6c97e99e336671c153ca886b8a.mp3">Clarke, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e0ebf54c424382438f24efac4ff1fa63.mp3">Clarke, Interview 2, Track 5</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rita Clarke interview, 27 January 2014 and 3 February 2014 Subject The topic of the resource 6UVS FM Description An account of the resource Born Rita Cannon in Pembury, Kent in the UK in 1940. She worked in London and Paris. Rita married John Clarke in 1964 and came to Australia as a £10 Pom. Her brother and sister-in-law, John and Sylvia Cannon were already living in Perth. They liked the weather and the laid-back life-style so they made their lives here. They spent one year (1969) living in Sydney where Rita studied at Macquarie University. They had three daughters, Philippa, Katie and Laura. Rita began studies at UWA in 1965. Both Philippa and Laura are UWA graduates, Katie graduated from Murdoch University. A UWA arts graduate, Rita started work in a voluntary capacity for the campus radio station, 6UVSFM, having been invited to work on The Stupendous Stereo Stage Show produced at that time by Ann Tonks. She did arts reviews and interviews, and then also had her own morning program. In about 1985 she was asked by the Station Manager, Bill McGinnis to become full-time breakfast presenter and producer for the radio, whilst still fronting the Arts Show, for which she received a salary. She was also Talks Producer for the Radio. Whilst working for 6UVSFM, she did free-lance programs for the ABC, began writing feature articles and reviews for The Australian Newspaper and later The Financial Review (both at the same time). She wrote in this capacity for The West Australian and Scoop and various other magazines. She also edited Coo-ee! The WA Country Arts monthly Newsletter. Rita left the radio station when it closed down in 1990 and was elected to the Council of Convocation where she wrote Convocation’s pages in Uniview. She continued journalism and is on, or has been on, the judging panels for Theatre and Dance Awards. She now also teaches English as a Second Language. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clarke, Rita Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia If you wish to use information from this oral history recording in any public form, written or spoken, you must obtain permission from the person concerned (or their family). Please send your request to UWAHS. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Anne Yardley Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Maria Rie Heymans Location The location of the interview Jolimont, WA Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 11 minutes Interview 2: 58 minutes Total: 2 hours, 9 minutes Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 0:00 Introduction by Anne Yardley 00:30 Rie was born in The Hague, Netherlands in 1932 and has one sister. She grew up during the difficult war years: despite being hungry all the time , the girls sometimes found excitment with no school and the freedom to wander the streets for days on end, playing and salvaging wood for fires. Often cooked potato peelings formed the evening meal, it was especially difficult for her mother. Rie believes the experience toughened her up for later life: “I can’t really explain it—it made me vehemently anti-war—always have been. I was marching against the Vietnam War…. I didn’t want other kids to go through that because it was terrifying.” 04:25 Rie has little recollection of returning to school post war but does remember it felt strange. At high school she loved languages and history and wanted to become a lawyer. Rie’s father didn’t believe in education for girls and she had to work very hard just to be allowed to finish school. As a child of divorced parents, she was discriminated against when applying for jobs, despite having excellent school results. She did eventually take an office job: “it wasn’t what I wanted to do, it was just a job.” 09:15 Rie met her future husband David through friendship with his sister in the Girl Guides, which she disliked: “I hated camping with a passion.” He lived in New Guinea for two years and on his return they decided to marry and migrate. Quotas were full for the United States and Canada: “because everyone wanted to leave. Europe was in ruins.” In 1953, they chose Queensland but Rie’s severe onboard sickness convinced them to leave the ship at Fremantle. In hindsight, Rie believes her sickness was due to stress. She was frightened of the move. Fortunately, the WA coastline from Gages Road looked inviting. 14:15 Through a Dutch clergyman on the wharf, they found unappealing accommodation in Beaconsfield: crowded and very basic. Rie describes their first days in Perth and job hunting. They found work in at the Walpole guest house. The landscape, recently burnt, was “ghastly”. The work was tough, long hours and hard work. David was clearing land and milking cows. 18:30 On early feelings about moving to Perth: “I wish I never had, I was lonely, people were unpleasant and rude. Australians didn’t welcome migrants in the 1950s.” David studied interior design at TAFE and met David Foulkes Taylor and was invited to work with him. With no galleries in Perth at that time, David Foulkes Taylor showed artists, such as Robert Juniper and Guy Grey Smith, in his showroom. Rie and David met local artists where they were welcomed. 21:40 Introduction to this community was very important for Rie’s future career: they developed an interest and knowledge in art. Rie visited New York at the invitation of friends. She visited galleries and went to the theatre: “my eyes were out on stalks.” She found work at the Australian Consulate and studied the history of art at the Pratt Institute of Fine Art in Brooklyn. She would like to have stayed but David didn’t want to move. 25:15 Rie was terrified about running an art gallery, but David pursued the idea and rented the Old Fire Station in McCourt, Leederville to start an art gallery [which ran from 1968 to 1976]. They borrowed money and did most of the work themselves: “It was very brazen but we had the support of many, many artists…it took off and went very well.” 29:15 Rose Skinner, at the Skinner Galleries , showed mostly well known, established artists like Sidney Nolan. Apart from Cremorne Gallery in Hay Street, no one else showed local artists. Rie and David chose to show young local artists most of whom had not previously exhibited and who stayed loyal to the gallery: “It was exciting ... no money in it, but that didn’t seem to matter as long as we could make ends meet.” 30:50 There were no other galleries in the late 1960s but much later there was a flourish of galleries. Most closed their doors with the GFC [Global Financial Crisis 2007-2008]. Rie learnt to run a gallery “by trail and error” and the use of common sense. 31: 55 “It’s the selection of artists that’s important … if the work appealed to me, even if I didn’t think it was saleable, but I felt it was good work, I would show it.” Some shows therefore barely made a profit, the more popular ones balanced things out. Miriam Stannage, for example was difficult to sell then. Now Chris Capper sells now for $3,500 - $4,000 Rie battled to sell his work for $250 or $300. The artists she has shown have all done well. [Rie believed it was important to support local artists and amongst those were many women like Miriam Stannage, Nola Farman. Carol Rudyard, Elise Blumann, Portia Bennett, Marie Hobbs, Helen Grey-Smith ,Helen Taylor, Mary Dudin and others]. 34:00 Prices were determined in consultation with the artist, Rie taking 25 per cent commission, all the costs were the gallery’s. Now galleries charge 40 to 50 per cent with artists paying costs. Rie did all the work herself: climbing ladders to hang paintings, writing media releases, developing and executing marketing ideas. [You have to unpack works, carry them and put them on the walls. When you are by yourself, as I was in the Old Fire Station it is hard work. You are up and down ladders, adjusting lights and hanging paintings. You need to be good with an electric drill and screwdriver etc. When you have a ceramics or a sculpture show you lug those around. It is not easy. Setting up a show is very physically demanding.] 37:50 Rie chose work based on her personal preferences, sale-ability came second. She found that people without art knowledge are often attracted to showy work of little merit: “Rubbish sells readily”. 40:00 Rie discusses the challenges of running an art gallery: “Keeping your head above water” is number one; the work is physically difficult; being tough enough to let people down gently when their work is not good enough. During the nickel boom people spent money on art. Rie didn’t sell art for investment, her advice to buyers was to buy work they wanted to live with and if it increased in value, all the better. 45:15 “To stick it in a vault because you bought it as an investment, that’s not buying art.” The relationship with her clients was important: offering them good pictures and her advice. Competition between galleries was very competitive. 48:45 Relationships with the artists was “fantastic and they’re still my friends, still.” On her retirement from UWA a breakfast was organised with artists presenting a piece of work to her for the occasion. She was given over 140 pieces of art. 50:40 Art training was good then as artists taught students. For example, Guy Grey Smith taught at Curtin, Robert Juniper taught at Guildford Grammar School and they passed on their knowledge. Most artists needed to teach to earn a living. 52:00 Rie gave up the Old Fire Station Gallery when the mining boom collapsed and her marriage ended. She made a late application for the position of curator at UWA and was offered the job after appearing before the University Art Collection Board of Management which included David Lawe Davies, Headmaster Guildford Grammar School as Chairman. Rie was successful she says because she was a hard worker and used her imagination to promote artists and the gallery. Importantly she was a board member of the Visual Arts Board of the Australia Council and had run a successful private art gallery over many years. With the Australia Council, Rie travelled around Australia meeting artists and gallery owners at public hearings to determine how best to run a successful arts program. The Whitlam years were exciting for the visual arts, theatre, dance. 55:50 Rie was introduced to interstate artists through this work and she exchanged artists with, for instance, Watters Gallery in Sydney. At UWA, Rie showed Fred Williams, Sidney Nolan, Charles Blackman, among others, at the Undercroft. Rie describes these and other shows at the Undercroft as very exciting. 57:00 Rie’s brief as Curator of Pictures was to look after the university’s collection; establish an exhibition program over 12 months and purchase new works of art. Purchases had to be within the modest annual budget which, while augmented by bequests from the John Collins bequest and others, was still small. Rie travelled interstate to view collections. She describes the collection she inherited: a strong core of Antipodean artists—Sidney Nolan, Arthur Boyd, John Percival, Charles Blackman. Rie discusses works by Nolan in the collection. 59:00 Local artists included Guy Grey Smith, Robert Juniper, Geoffrey Allen plus graphics and silk screens from European artists that “didn’t make sense.” Others had been bought from the Skinner Galleries and Rie’s gallery. The collection lacked cohesion and Rie attempted to fill the gaps. For instance: “Women had been completely ignored.” Rie believes she did reasonably well on a small budget. Women artists were still cheap to acquire then. 1:02:36 Acquiring the works Rie wanted meant scouring catalogues and staying in contact with galleries Australia wide. One interesting group came from Europe in the 1930s escaping Nazism: “they were damn good painters and they hadn’t been collected,” because they weren’t painting traditional Australian scenes. Rie had to present works she wished to acquire to a monthly board meeting: “it’s not easy to convince academics as a non-academic and a woman.” 1:07:00 By the end of her tenure, Rie was able to make themed exhibitions with the works she had acquired. The criteria was for Australian artists: to acquire historical works to fill the gaps and strengthen the contemporary collection. 1:08:00 The collection was housed all over campus. Annually a stocktake was done to check the condition of works, for instance, some had been hanging in the sun, some had disappeared. Staff could chose works to put on their walls. The Australia Council had a system for registering works which Rie adopted to ensure a solid record, she then rented a suitable warehouse to store the works in preparation for the new gallery [to replace the Undercroft previously used for exhibitions]. 1:10:55 Interview 2 00:00 Introduction by Anne Yardley 00:35 Rie discusses the European artists [mentioned in interview 1] and the contribution they made to Australian art : Yosl Bergner, a Jewish artist form Warsaw. Rie discusses her reasons for buying The Pie Eaters; and German artist Elise Blumann “a strong gutsy painter” Rie describes Summer Nude and On the Swan at Nedlands; Evening on the Yarra Claris Beckett,was gifted to the collection, “a beautiful picture.”. 05:20 Some Australian artists understood the European newcomers, for instance Melbourne artist, Noel Counihan: The Pumpkin Seller – painting what life was like for many in Melbourne; Harold Vike, a Norwegian socialist who lived in Perth, his work The Reading Room and People on a Tram. Rie says they are “a slice of life” and works depicting urban life are as important as bush scenes. 10:05 At times it was difficult and stressful convincing the board to collect these painters. The board included a student guild member nominated by students. Rie recalls Digby Cullen and John Carruthers. 13:00 Rie explains how she attracted donations. It was very competitive and hard work. She gave talks to various groups and was often invited to view people’s private collections. Tax deductibility encouraged donations. 17:30 Acquisitions most commonly came through purchases which meant going to every exhibition for local, contemporary artists. The works would be shown to the Board. Rie would notify all galleries in Australia of work she sought. 18:50 Rie was keen to collect women artists as there were few apart from Elizabeth Durack in the collection. She describes Adelaide Perry’s Woman Pilot, 1931, as another strong image: “Those sorts of women should be in a university collection. They are just as important as the male artists.” Rie discusses other women artists. 21:15 It was difficult for women artists to make a living, Rie believes it is still somewhat true today. Portia Bennett painted Perth city, on site, as it was in the 1940a: Hotel Adelphi, 1948, on St George’s Terrace. Her husband didn’t approve of her painting. 26:42 Rie hoped to encourage students and anyone interested in Australian art. She tried to get a thread running from early Australian artists through to today’s artists. Rie mentions Ian Fairweather’s works that were gifted to the collection by Rose Skinner. A Melbourne dealer, Joseph Brown, also made donations. 31:25 The Visual Arts Board made many important works available and provided money for purchases. There was more money available in the 1970s. On her success, Rie says she transferred her methods from the Old Fire Station to the university. Rie used her own imagination to get publicity for the gallery. For instance the 9 x 5 and Love a Duck promotions. 33:50 Rie discusses the “9 x 5” promotion in 1989: 100 years after the original 9 x 5 exhibition in Melbourne where artists produced an exhibition of work painted on cigar box lids. Rie used 3 ply cut to size and asked artists to paint pictures which were then sold for fund raising. Bob Gregson acted as auctioneer and every picture was sold. Rie describes the function and how it operated. 37:30 “Love a Duck” was an earlier promotion in 1987. Ducks were made by an artist from palm fronds, Rie asked artists to paint the ducks which were auctioned in a similar event which raised over $30,000. Artists who contributed included Ken Done, Robert Juniper, Leon Pericles. Artists entered into the spirit of the event, they were prepared to assist to get a better gallery for the university’s collection. Their contribution went towards the furnishings. 42:10 On the challenges of the Undercroft as a gallery: the screens had to be dismountable as the Undercroft was needed for exams, Save the Children Fund book sale and other events. Despite the challenges: “we managed to have some good exhibitions that I’m still proud of.” There’d be about 12 exhibitions per year. There was a further gallery space at the back of the Undercroft near Rie’s office, literally a broom cupboard. 44:05 On what gave Rie the greatest pride: her acquisitions, especially the artists from Europe and the women artists. She didn’t plan to leave UWA [in 1989] before the new gallery was opened—it would have been a good place to work but her husband had retired and was keen for them to spend more time in their holiday house. She had a great send off—a large group of local artists took her, and husband Ian, to breakfast and presented her with over 100 small scale sculptures and works: “They spoiled me rotten.” 48:00 Post UWA, Rie was asked to be on the selection committee for three new court buildings. She helped the City of Joondalup for several years and became a board member at the Art Gallery of WA before her husband, Ian, died. In 1989 Rie received a letter from Canberra asking if she would accept an Order of Australia. She felt embarrassed as it didn’t seem right to have an honour for doing something she enjoyed doing. She received the award on Australia Day 1990. Rie has often felt an outsider as a migrant and says It can still be hurtful not to be considered Australian. With the OA, for the first time she felt accepted as an Australian. She has no idea who nominated her. 53:34 Reflecting on her life in the Arts community, Rie says she thought she was cheeky to take it on without a Fine Arts degree: “I was thrown in off the deep end and I think I did a reasonable job, which is pleasing, but I think it was a bit of cheek.” 54:30 On the arts community in Perth now: “It’s in a sad position now since the GFC.” Many important galleries have closed their doors which makes it harder now for artists to earn a living: “I don’t know how they’re surviving.” It’s a lot of work for artists to produce the artwork and promote their own work. [Rie makes the point that artists struggling in Western Australia is nothing new. They have always had it a lot harder because of our geographical isolation: “I recently bought a stunning linocut from an artist who has just finished a post-graduate degree at Curtin in Fine Arts and he has to do his work in the evenings as during the day he works as a bus driver. Artists have no easy job and I for one wanted to support them”.] “We’ve gone backwards since the global financial crisis.” The state Art Gallery “can do a lot in supporting young local artists….and dare I say it, they’re not doing that.” Rie says the recent Guy Grey Smith is fantastic and very well curated but notes that it’s taken more than 30 years after his death to mount the exhibition. 58:20 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a0005668de710c81c93f3229da8f58b9.mp3">Heymans, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d64a8e455fa22829da555f2041576c3e.mp3">Heymans, Interview 1, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rie Heymans interview, 7 July 2014 and 10 July 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Art Gallery Description An account of the resource Born in The Hague, Netherlands in 1932, Rie Heymans' early life was informed by wartime Europe, a time she recalls when she was always hungry. Post war, Rie and her husband David left Europe bound for Queensland and it was only Rie’s debilitating onboard sickness that led the couple to leave the ship in Fremantle and settle in Western Australia. Their early migrant years were difficult until David became involved in the local arts community which led, in 1968, to Rie and David, with little experience, opening the Old Fire Station Gallery in Leederville. In the interview, Rie discusses her approach to gallery ownership, the emerging artists she exhibited, and the Perth arts community in the 1960s and 70s. Despite the success of the Old Fire Station Gallery, Rie says of running an art gallery: “It isn’t an easy game.” And hence in 1976, Rie accepted the position of Curator of Pictures at UWA, a position she held until taking early retirement in 1989. Rie talks about the direction she chose to take with the university’s art collection: filling the gaps in the collection and placing an emphasis on collecting women artists. Rie was keen to acquire works by artists who, escaping pre-war Europe, made their homes in Australia and contributed to a more urban view of Australian art. Rie discusses her philosophy towards building the collection; her fund raising events for the new university art gallery. She speaks of the challenges faced by artists today with less money and fewer opportunities. In 1990, Rie was awarded the Order of Australia in recognition of her contribution to the visual arts. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Heymans, Rie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Richard Harding Location The location of the interview Claremont, WA Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 7 minutes, 13 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 19 minutes, 1 second Total: 2 hours, 26 minutes, 14 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:00:40 00:00:52 Richard Harding was born in the Bristol area just before World War Two. He studied law at University College London and obtained a scholarship to Columbia University in New York where he obtained a Masters’ degree. Invited to become an Assistant Lecturer at University College London where he taught for nearly 4 years. Invited to apply to UWA Law School by Douglas Payne, the then Dean of the Law School. Richard arrived in Western Australia on 3 February 1965. 00:05:05 The university put him up at the Captain Stirling Hotel for a couple of weeks before he moved to a flat in South Perth. UWA had been in the news in the UK due through the Benn murder case in 1964. Richard’s contract was for 2 years but soon had no thoughts of returning to the UK because the university provided a supportive, friendly and collegial environment. He got to know a wide cross section of people across the whole university both professional and non-professional. Within days of his arrival, he was sampling the delights of the Festival of Perth. At that time, the UWA Law School was highly regarded by the judiciary and the profession – much more so than had been the case in London. 00:10:39 Richard was teaching Conflict of Law within 3 weeks of his arrival. This subject had a very strong Australian Constitutional law overlay. Richard put together the student Case Book which was the 600-700 page textbook for the course. He realised Australian law was different to English law. 00:15:13 A week after his arrival, the Law Summer School was held. Many luminaries in the profession attended such as Sir John Kerr, Sir Zelman Cowan and Sir Geoffrey Saw. This made Richard feel that he was in touch with what was going on both in WA and further afield. Within 6 months of his arrival, he attended a very important Commonwealth Law conference in Sydney and met the criminologist Gordon Hawkins who sparked his interest in this field. The Law School was located in dongas behind Geography. At that time the Law School only had 7 full-time teachers and relied on part time visiting teachers from the professional including Sir Francis Burt, John Toohey and Sir Ronald Wilson. Douglas Payne wanted to professionalise the teaching staff but did not want to marginalise the legal profession from the Law School. 00:24:00 Professor Douglas Payne persuaded the university to commit to a new building and moved into the new Law School, designed by Gus Ferguson, in about 1967 or 1968. The old premises could not cope with the increase in the student body and teaching staff. The main university campus was concentrated around Winthrop Hall. University House was located near the present Octagon Theatre. Everyone went here to socialise. Richard was secretary of University House in the late 1960s. He was also secretary of the Staff Association. In about 1972 he was elected as a staff representative to the Senate and was a non-professorial representative on the Professorial Board. He was deeply involved in university life. 00:28:27 Each Faculty controlled some research funding. Richard was granted some money from the Law School in about 1967 to research the use of lethal force by police. This led him down the path of further studies into human rights, criminal law and human justice issues. Richard was living in a university house in Myers Street, Nedlands in 1966 when a policeman shot a young man dead nearby. Penguin published his book, Police Killings in Australia, in 1970. It caused some controversy. Richard continued to study this aspect of the law for the next 5 years. In 1971, he researched the use of police lethal force while on study leave at the University of Chicago and did a similar study with students in Toronto. Later, he studied fire arms in the Australian community and the events at Port Arthur in 1996. 00:33:43 The University trusted the heads of department to use seed money wisely. Richard doesn’t think he would have had access to this sort of funding in the UK. Richard suffered some personal attacks from certain people in the police force but he was supported by his friends in academia. Richard was not teaching criminal law at this stage. He taught industrial or labour law. This was a new course. The future Attorney-General of Western Australia, Joe Berinson, was one of his pupils. In the early years, Richard was younger than many of his students. The Law School attempted to keep up with changes in society with these new courses. 00:40:14 Richard was very close to his first groups of students. He had a holiday on Rottnest with his future wife and some students. He still attends the annual reunion of the first class he taught. Three female students out of a class of 26 graduated in his first year. Law is now female-dominated. Richard was part of the Arts Discussion Group (a dining club) at University House. Dining club members included the librarian, Leonard Jolley, a mathematician, a geographer, a geologist, a psychologist, a historian, people from the English department and occasionally a scientist. The group met monthly for an evening meal. Richard lectured in the Arts Department. The Staff Association was active. Later the Credit Union was set up. Management were involved with the life of the university. 00:45:38 Richard played squash with university people at Kings Park Squash Club. Richard’s social life changed after he was married to Alison and had children. The married staff set up a University Babysitting Club where time was traded for a babysitter but no money changed hands. 00:49:08 Several people at the Law School came from the UK. Richard recruited a former student from London to teach contract law. He also interviewed Anthony Dickey on behalf of the Dean. The staff made the system work for them. Today it is a different world. Other faculties did similar things. It was a pragmatic way to deal with the problems of a developing university but the top positions were open to a genuine contest. 00:55:30 Richard came on a two year contract but felt comfortable in Perth and soon found that there were opportunities here. After he met his future wife, it became clear that he was going to stay in Perth. The study leave or sabbatical leave arrangements were important to him. Sabbatical leave was not so readily available in the UK. In 1970, he went to Bristol University and then to Chicago. By now, he was launched on a public career path. He was elected on to the Law Reform Commission of WA in 1962 or 1963 working with David Malcolm who later became Chief Justice. In 1975, he was involved with the Australian Law Reform Commission. Justice Michael Kirby was Chair. Later that year, he went onto the board of the Australian Broadcasting Commission. It suited his interest in public administration. 00:59:36 Eric Edwards, the Dean of the Law School, asked Richard to put together a public lecture series to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the UWA Law School in 1977 . Invited speakers included John Toohey, Billy Snedden and Bob Hawke. Sir Lawrence Jackson, the Chief Justice and then Chancellor of the University supported the celebrations. The Law School had changed - there were more staff and students but the teaching method was still lectures and tutorials. The criminal law book produced as a text by Eric Edwards was used around Australia in the “Code” States, i.e. Queensland, Tasmania and WA (as opposed to the common law States of Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia). Mining law was being taught by about the mid-1970s. 01:04:21 Murdoch Law School was opened in the about 1975. It was mooted as to whether UWA wished to have a presence in the southern suburbs but it was agreed that a separate institution should be set up. 01:07:13 END OF INTERVIEW 1 Interview 2 00:00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:00:45 Richard was made a full Professor in 1981. He had developed new courses at UWA and applied for the position of Associate Professor in 1973 based on his research and publications and was successful. He had built a profile inside and outside of UWA. In 1979 he published Outside Interference: The Politics of Australian Broadcasting. By this time he was involved in policy relating to gun control and use. He led a research project on gun ownership in WA funded by monies from the UWA Law Faculty. Then he applied for a national grant from the Criminology Research Council and did a national survey on gun ownership. Senator Lionel Murphy the Attorney-General was very supportive. This led to the publication by UWA Press in 1981 of his book entitled Firearms and Violence in Australian Life: An Examination of Gun Ownership and Use in Australia. It was a pivotal book on this topic. In 1981, Richard convened the first national fire arms conference that took place at UWA, the Australian Institute of Criminology in Canberra and the Sydney Institute of Criminology. 00:08:06 Some on the Senate felt he was not closely enough in contact with the legal profession but he had support in other areas. At that time, he believes he was one of two professors at the Law School. He taught some criminology and the law school was slowly moving to encompass subjects hitherto not considered part and parcel of a law degree. 00:11:59 Anthony Dickey was Dean from 1979 to 1981. He was a good administrator and people person. Richard became Dean in 1982 and worked with the legal profession to acquire grants for visiting scholars, lecture series and prizes. An entrepreneur who was going to fund the Chair in Mining Law was unfortunately arrested before this was made official. Mining law is now a speciality of the UWA Law School. 00:15:13 In 1983, there was a Federal election and Bob Hawke became Prime Minister. The founding director of the Australian Institute of Criminology had resigned and the new government opened up the applications again. Richard applied for this position and was accepted. His application was bolstered by the fact that he had recently presented the John Barry Memorial Lecture in Melbourne on gun control. He resigned from the Dean’s position after only two years in the job. He took unpaid leave from UWA. The new job was interesting and stimulating and opened many doors plus he became deeply involved with the United Nations. Unfortunately his family didn’t settle in Canberra and he returned to teaching at UWA in 1988. 00:20:58 When he returned to UWA, he negotiated with the State Attorney-General and the Premier to set up a crime research centre to organise all the data from the different government agencies and to be able to examine whether public policy was working. They received a capital grant from the State and set up at UWA to produce meaningful crime statistics. Using the data they could do also pursue specific research projects such as Aboriginal contact with the criminal justice system. The Crime Research Centre started work in early 1988 and ceased to operate 26 years later in late 2014. It was a successful and enjoyable centre and Richard remained head until 2000. 00:26:56 Richard had also retained his international links. In the 1980s, he did some consultancy work with the United Nations on criminal justice policy. In 1985, he attended the Seventh UN Congress relating to crime prevention and control in Milan. He was involved with two important conventions one being the Beijing rules on the Administration of Juvenile Justice and the Charter of Victims’ Rights. Richard was able to bring some of this experience into his teaching at the Law School and to bring visiting people to the Law School. He helped to develop a unit in Corporate Crime as part of the LLM (Master of Laws). By now, second degrees fine tuning professional skills were desirable and necessary. Later a Masters of Criminal Justice was developed in the Law School comprising 14 units. 00:31:11 Universities started to realise the benefits of being known for their research. Up until now, the UWA Law School had not really understood the importance of research. The Crime Research was doing the bulk of the research. The Centre forged ties with Mathematics and Computing and developed a computerised system to analyse data. A huge safe was purchased to store the data tapes. The Australian Bureau of Statistics was not at first much interested in crime statistics. This has since changed. At that time there was no overall picture of criminal behaviour across Australia. The Crime Research Centre at UWA took a couple of years to organise the criminal stats from WA. Then they began to do crime mapping. They published an analysis of road rage in a Swedish journal long before it got talked about. 00:44:56 The Centre employed many different experts to analyse the data. Data was also analysed to research domestic violence. Some of the law students used the Centre for their PhD studies. In hindsight, they should have had more of these. The Centre also taught a course in the Arts department that was very successful. Alcohol and drugs have been a factor in crime research for a long time. 00:49:06 When Richard left as director of the Crime Research Centre at UWA in 2000 a new director took over. Richard felt that their support base from the external agencies was not so strong after he left. The data collection dropped off a bit and the Centre’s relevance was diminished. UWA tightened up on all their research centres and attempted to control their autonomy and their funding. In Richard’s day, agreements were made with a handshake. From about 2000 onwards, UWA began to charge the research centres large fees. Good staff left for other opportunities. The Law School was going through its own changes and did not fully understand the value of a research centre. Earlier Deans had understood that the Centre was getting competitive ARC research grants and that the prestige would reflect on them as well. It was claimed that the Centre was bankrupt and it was terminated. Nowadays there is nobody organising the crime statistics for Western Australia - let alone collect and integrate them. 00:56:44 Richard became Inspector of Custodial Services in 2000 and served for 8 years. In 1997, he published Private Prisons and Public Accountability. He advised the State Government on private prisons. 01:02:41 Richard negotiated academic leave as part of his contract with Custodial Services in order to keep up with developments and do some teaching at UWA. He used his leave to work at Keele University and twice at Cambridge University. By now, he was an Emeritus Professor at UWA and teaching the criminal justice course which he taught every second year over an 11 year period. UWA is now in a corporate phase which reflects trends across Australia. 01:07:24 When he took on the job as Inspector of Custodial Services, Richard resigned from UWA but retained links with the university which meant that it was quite seamless for him to return. Richard prefers to teach in a traditional manner and see his students face-to-face. 01:09:28 In 2012, Richard went to the Free University of Amsterdam where the National Crime Research Institute is based. He became involved with the Association for the Prevention of Torture before he left Custodial Services in 2008. He did consultancy work in Britain with a group that was running private prisons; for the Australian Human Rights Commission and other Australian government groups. 01:14:45 Australia has tended to view the northern European countries and particularly Holland as being world leaders in area of prison rehabilitation. Universities can be the link in bringing innovative ideas to the attention of government. 01:19:01 END OF INTERVIEW 2 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/fa36128612da935c90987b1996dab643.mp3">Harding, Interview, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/900a96d7c323ef301c17bf5dd9eed3e3.mp3">Harding, Interview, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/2752227262273a3a6673e0851976d56b.mp3">Harding, Interview, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard Harding interview, 1 April 2015 and 8 April 2015 Subject The topic of the resource Law Description An account of the resource Emeritus Professor Richard Harding came to the UWA Law School as a Senior Lecturer in 1965 from University College London. He was made Associate Professor in 1973, Professor in 1981 and was Dean of the Law School from 1982 to 1983. Richard became interested in criminal law and has researched and written widely in the areas of law, criminology and penology. He was appointed Director at the Australian Institute of Criminology in Canberra where he was based from 1984 to 1987. From 1988-2000 he founded and was the Director of the Crime Research Centre within the Law School at the University of WA. From 2000-2008 he was Inspector of Custodial Services for Western Australia. Since vacating this position, he has been extensively involved in academic and consultancy work. He is currently Emeritus Professor at the Law School of Western Australia and has been assisting the university to develop a more effective presence in the area of Law and Public Policy. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Harding, Richard Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Reginald Appleyard Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 43 minutes, 25 seconds Interview 2: 32 minutes, 25 seconds Interview 3: 43 minutes, 49 seconds Interview 4: 33 minutes, 23 seconds Total: 2 hours, 33 minutes, 2 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 Born in Claremont in 1937. Family background in Victoria. Father’s army experience. Brother Jim was killed in action in WWII. Sister Betty. Intensions to join the ministry. Memories of the merchant navy and Liverpool. 00:07:40 Interest in the world. The effect of WWII. Merchant navy influence of future and career. Memories of schooling. Swanbourne and Fremantle boys. Serious thoughts of a career. UWA honours degree. Rockefeller foundation fund. UWA from 1950-4. Elders Smith’s office boy. 00:11:50 Initial impressions of UWA. Memories of economic department at UWA. Arnold Cook and Alec Kerr. 00:14:14 Memories of years of the merchant navy. Memories of Liverpool. Seeing the world Japan Panama canal. Memories of a Deck Boy. Memories of the Philippines. A damaged world directs career. Singapore and Europe in early recovery post WWII. 0018:35 Aims to help facilitate world recovery. Interest in joining the UN. Decisions to be independent. Going to UWA honours degree in economics. Interest in economics. The Rockefeller foundation and duke university. Memories of UWA. 0021:50 Sound sense of community. Memories of Alec Kerr. Arnold Cook. Inspired to work. Spending quality time of learning at UWA. Interaction and other subjects in a social science degree. 00:27:35 Encouraged to go to Duke University. Working with Spengler. The importance of the university and Joseph Spengler and economic demographer. Memories of Duke University. Wife Iris. 00:30:30 Coming back to the Australian National University department of demography. Interviewing students for a longitudinal study of British migrants and Greek migrants. Concerns of the British migrants. Migrants return. 00:35:00 Memories of ANU. Conclusions work into later career 1968. Ian Bowen* head of department. Chair of Economic History. Obtaining the new chair of Economic history. 00:38:00 The new economics building by the James oval. Memories of Sir Stanley Prescott. Prescott lays down the guidelines. Aims of the new chair of Economic History. Theoretical, historical and dimensional issues of measurement. Round understanding of economics. People involved in issues related to their interests. Economic history as a part of a trilogy. Impressions of the changed university on return in 1968. The change to the department of economics. Interview 2 00:00:00 Development of economics history. Internationalisation development of department. Attracting people to the university. Japanese studies. Professor Ghosh, Gabbay and Siddique. 00:03:00 Advertising in Asia. Understanding the UWA was different from other universities. Ron Ghosh took on a significant role at the University. Universities around Australia look at Economics department at UWA. Asian influence. The popularity of UWA for Asia. 00:07:25 Support from within the university. Travel. Seeing UWA on a global scale. Meeting people from around the world. Involved in connections with the Economic department and local business. State government and interest from big business. BHP, Wesfarmers and Woodside. Connections and involvements with business. 00:11:00 Key involvements and interest with Asia. Japanese Studies unit. The developing of a Japanese room and garden. Will facilitate Japanese Studies and learning. Development of the garden. 00:15:05 00:18:08 Memories in involvement in the International Organisation for Migration. UWA changes and unique developments compared to the eastern states. UWA deemed to be different. Fly Out Fly In Professor. Consulting with the United Nations. 00:21:50 Visitations to the UN and international involvements and conferences. Broadening of understanding of migration and emigration. 00:24:50 Developing concepts. 1981 conference in Bangkok. The way in which analysis can be used. Taking on the role of department head. Building up the department. Members of staff happy for Reg to remain in the position. 00:28:30 Memories of Professor Siddique. international flavours and the economic department develops a community within the University. International travel. The impressions of the unique development of the department. Interview 3 00:00:00 Perceptions of UWA. The departments collaborate. Theoretical and direct connections. Economic Department strongly connected to developments. The erosion of the university club. 00:04:55 Economic department and self development. Internatoinisation and the international student. Growth of the international student at UWA. A plan to encourage international connections. The Fly in Fly out Professor. Realisation of developments and the ripple effect. 00:08:55 Connections with the vice chancellor. Committee meetings with sir Stanley Prescott. Important relevant issues for the growth of UWA. Limited contact with vice chancellors over 25 years. Contributions from other chancellors. 00:14:10 Allan Robson view of the university. 1982 third Asian pacific population conference. Population and ESCAP region and flows of migrant people. Lack of data and composition of workers. Strategies devised. Importance of attendance at conferences. Benefits for UWA. 00:19:09 Bureaucratisation and limitation of the development of the university. Economic development of island states in the Indian ocean. Commos and Mauritius. The Seychelles and the Maldives. 1986 conference was held in Perth. 00:25:00 The importance of the conference to the development of department of economics and the University.. Competition grows in Perth impacts of UWA. Curtin and UWA. Interaction between campuses. 00:28:45 Centre of migration studies conference in 1987. Impact in general on countries of migration. Grants obtained and the difficulty of obtaining funding. 00:30:40 Funding and the lack of money. Unpaid extracurricular activities. Intensions to develop the department on own bat. 00:33:20 Conference in Rome and trends in international migration in the 1990 and beyond. migration and asylum. International population and global movement. 00:37:50 UWA’s expansion and connections. 00:40:10 Gabbay and Ghosh touch upon the contributions brought from overseas. The beginning of the process of migration from Asia. Limit in size and the growth of students. New business school. The growth in student and staff numbers. World rankings and the university’s place. Interview 4 00:00:00 Impressions of the ranking system. Evolution of the university. Impressions of the role of the academic. Running the organisation. Research, teaching, travel and overseas contacts. 00:03:50 Academic life dominated by management and administration. The economic and non-economic factors in the dynamics of international migration. Interrelations to other topics and departments. 00:07:29 International migration in a changing world. Development factors in WA and migration. Seeing the future of migration to the future of WA. Issues of people smugglers and asylum 00:13:45 Myths and realities of migration. The passion and process of writing. The history of Trayning. 00:17:35 Member of the Scientific advisory board Lagos Nigeria. Collaboration. Foundation chair of advisory council CURTIN business school. Committee to review regional development commissions act. Busy in retirement. 00:21:40 Order of Australia medal 1999. Only one Appleyard in the Who’s who. Awarded the Hellenism award. Honorary life trustee of economic development in Australia. Acting director graduate school of management. Director centre for migration and development studies. 00:25:30 Views of the economic department at UWA today. Aspirations of rankings. UWA today. Significance of the department. Strength to become as good as possible. Technologies minimise isolation. 00:28:50 Seeing the university moving forward. Evidence of moving up the ladder of continued improvement. The US Asia centre. Leadership and focus in other parts of the world. 00:31:50 Sir Winthrop Hackett and his understanding of education. Thoughts of Sir Stanley Prescott’s opinions of the University of WA. Seeing the university in very good shape. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/ccf1b28c1530f20f227071b0489122e4.mp3">Appleyard, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/3384906c5ffa7487fcff0a71ac8d0558.mp3">Appleyard, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8dea8224e5c2f542ccf5870da1e647d4.mp3">Appleyard, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/27052ff95d6ce1bb8136d340ae03da18.mp3">Appleyard, Interview 1, Track 4</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Reginald Appleyard interview, 13 December 2013, 2 January 2014, 8 January 2014 and 14 January 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Economics Description An account of the resource Emeritus Professor Reginald Appleyard was born in Western Australia in 1937. After leaving school he worked as an office boy before joining the Merchant Navy. During this experience he witnessed a world in a state of reconstruction post World War II. This would direct his future life as an economic demographer. On returning to Perth he enrolled as a mature age student at UWA where he obtained first class honours in economics. He went on to study at Duke University before coming back to Australia to work at the Australian National University. He came to head the chair of Economic History at the University of Western Australia in 1968. He was quickly made head of the Department of Economics, a position he held until his retirement in 1992. During the interview he talks of his impressions of University of Western Australia and his efforts to direct the economics department into an international department. He speaks of the importance of Asia and his desire to establish strong academic links with Australia’s neighbours. He travelled extensively as a part of his career and has been dubbed the Fly Out Fly In Professor. Professor Appleyard is an author and editor of many books and over 100 articles and reports, his main field of study is economic demography, and his specialty is international migration. He talks of his extensive research and writing and views on international migration. Throughout the interview Professor Appleyard reflects on the development of the isolated University of Western Australia in a changing world. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appleyard, Reginald Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History