2 10 84 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Arnold Lee Location The location of the interview Mt Lawley, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 53 minutes, 29 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 5 seconds Total: 1 hour, 53 minutes, 34 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:47 Track 2 00:00 Arnold Lee was born in the UK in 1973. Family migrated from Liverpool to Forrestfield, WA in 1976. Government school education. Did TEE in 1991 and was accepted into UWA to study for a Bachelor of Science in 1991. The Bachelor of Science was split between human movement and psychology 01:22 Zoology was still near Kings Park. There were cows in the back paddock near human movement. The old pharmacology building was still in use as was chemistry. The Guild extension hadn’t been built so the amphitheatre was still there. The Riley Oval next to Arts was a full sized rugby oval. The newest buildings on campus would have been the Sanders Building, the GP3 (General Purpose Building 3). Architecture had just got its dedicated building on the south west corner having been in demountable buildings for many years. Halfway through Arnold’s first year architecture was moved to the Nedlands campus and Computer Sciences moved into that building. 02:49 Arnold moved all over the campus. First year lectures would be held in the Octagon Theatre or one of the Arts lecture theatres or the Physics Building. All the Human Movement labs were at the tail end of the campus near Pelican Point. 03:30 Arnold was catching the bus from Forrestfield. To make an 8am maths lecture he had to catch the bus at 6.30am. He also rode his bike 35kms there and back. 04:20 He spent many hours in the Reid coffee shop. People from all faculties gathered here. The clubs and societies and faculty societies were very active. He spent time in the Arts common room. He spent time on the Oak lawn or the Guild precinct. There were free Tuesday lunchtime movies. There were bands. Fridays were spent down at the tavern. 06:03 Three other people from his school made it into UWA. He only saw one of them from time to time and had to make new friends. It was very prestigious to have come from Forrestfield high school and go to UWA. First year Psychology had over 700 enrolment and human movement attracted sporty types, so he didn’t feel “out of it”. 08:15 Arnold did not need any help from the Guild. He just went there to the Refectory and to play pin ball. It was all pervasive but was very much in the background. The Manics was the largest club on campus. Camp Kids was still around. Clubs like Solid Gold and Leisure didn’t exist. 09:35 Student politics was very interesting. Bruce Baskerville (1991) was the first openly gay Guild President. Deirdre Willmont was President before him (1984). The Voluntary Students Union push was on. There were competing factions for the student hearts and minds. Different factions published their own newsletters independent of the Pelican. People were very vocal. 12:05 There were student protests. There was a march to Parliament House over the VSU when the Bill was passed. Arnold was also present at Parliament House when it was repealed. 13:00 The students were involved in the Third Wave protests over the change in industrial relations brought about by Richard Court and Graham Kierath. He recalled the Workers’ Embassy being put up at Parliament House by the CMFEU. 13:26 The Guild was located in the Guild Hall which was located opposite Matilda Bay. The new extensions were being built in 1993. They moved in during 1995 and out in 1997 when VSU caused them money issues and the university bought the building off them. 14:19 He took part in PROSH and directed it during the 1990s. The charities vary from year to year. They prefer to donate to smaller local charities. In the 1990s they raised $20-$30,000. Arnold recalled $15,000 was donated to Shenton Park Rehabilitation Hospital. Other donations went to Legacy and the Royal Flying Doctor Service. PROSH is now raising around $150,000 and giving grants of around $20,000 to a range of charities. It is bigger and better organised now. PROSH started in 1931. 16:52 When Arnold finished his degree he worked a variety of jobs. He did not want to become a psychologist. He worked as a roadie, a theatre technician, did sale and worked at a warehouse. He had worked for university theatres when he was a student. In those days the Festival and the Festival Club was on campus. 19:46 Track 3 00:00 Arnold left UWA in 1995 and came to work for the Guild in 1999 as a Projects Officer. He wanted some regular work. He was hired by the director of student services, Delphine McFarlane. The Guild President was Emmanuel Hondros. They wanted a researcher and report writer. It was an open ended job. He had to look at the impacts of VSU and work on its repeal. It grew as the Guild expanded. 02:00 The Guild was doing it tough financially and had to lift their profile and be relevant to the student body. Membership was now voluntary. It dropped to 23% at its lowest point. They had to become more professional. 03:50 The Guild in WA is different because the guilds are part of the University Act. In other states the student bodies are not. It has always been integrated into the life at the university – representation, activities, welfare and services. In the 1990s the welfare was at the forefront due to the economic downturn. In early 2000 the focus was more about activities on campus. 06:33 Sir Winthrop Hackett saw the University as having 3 pillars – the university (administration and academics); the student body and the alumni. All have a say and a stake in the direction of the university. The Guild and the university administration have a fairly positive relationship. 08:40 When VUS came in, the Guild was able to go to the university and ask for help and get it. The Guild had a big input into the new course structure. 09:48 Track 4 00:00 The Guild evolves to meet different needs. The Projects Officer worked closely with the Guild President. The president had to evolve and adapt as well. The Guild adopted the RAWS model (Representation; Activities; Welfare and Services). The Guild President sits on the Senate, he and some Guild Councillors sit on the Academic Board; different Council members sat on various university committees. 01:46 Professional Guild staff did advocacy work on behalf of the student body e.g. academic appeal, ensuring that activities met local council regulations and/or insurance regulations. The Guild staff became a very professional outfit. 02:43 The Project Officer role included a bit of everything. For example activities including helping to organise events such as O-Day but also to assist clubs and societies and to advise them and help with liquor licensing etc. 03:28 Guild finance also took on club banking. Marketing became both a source of income and a way to seek sponsorship and to promote the Guild and the university. It was the Guild who ran the marketing behind the recycling programme at UWA. The Guild is the conduit between other bodies and the student body. 04:52 People have always complained about Guild catering. Bob Hawke commented that it had also been the case when he was President in 1952. It’s never cheap enough or good enough. 05:56 Welfare includes emergency loans or advocacy or personal crisis counselling. The Guild shaped itself to include all these areas. There was some training but it was adapt or die. You never stopped. There were always projects. Often people were too busy for training. 07:42 It was meant to be a 9 to 5 job but sometimes it involved a 60 hour week. You had to love the job to do it. 08:30 The Guild was always full of students. In some universities they are not encourage to come in and talk to the Guild staff. They were not shut away behind partitions or locked doors. Staff constantly involved with the students. The students felt it was their organisation. Staff there to advise not to dictate. 10:39 The Guild had paid staff. The President received some payment but they had to sit on about 24 Committees as well as internal Guild committees. The President essentially was the CEO of a $40 million business with 200 staff (including catering). 12:12 The term for the Guild President was one year only. The whole Guild Council changed each year. The ideology of the Guild Council might therefore change from year to year. One year outside catering was brought in. Guild Council elected to get a new building contractor mid-way through the project which cost them money. 14:13 Track 5 00:00 Emmanuel Hondros was Guild President in 1999 when Arnold started working there. All the Guild Presidents are hard-working and got very run down. A new President is elected on 1 December. 01:30 Kristy Duckham (2001) was the first female president since Deirdre Willmont in 1984. (There was JA Quinlivan in 1987) but then a run of males until Sarah Haynes and Natalie Curling in 1994 and 1995. Then Rosie Dawkins in 1998. Then there was a run of female presidents - Myra Robinson in 2003 and Susie Byers in 2004 and Natalie Hepburn in 2005. 01:57 Ryan Batchelor (2002) came across from Victoria. He worked for Alan Carpenter and then Jenny Macklin. He helped Julia Gillard with the Disability Support Scheme. 03:11 Roland Nattrass was never President but did every other office bearing role in the Guild. 03:40 Tim Huggins (2000) now works for DFAT. He was from Geelong Grammar. 04:10 Emma Greeney (2010) was Arnold’s last president and was very hard working as was David de Hoog in 2007. He was from a different political alignment. Matthew Chuk (2006) had a distinctive monobrow. 05:11 There was education, societies, public affairs subsidiary councils which meant that a diverse range of people were involved with the Guild. Darryl S Tan was Guild Vice President and has a sundeck named after him (which is the back roof). 06:16 Liz Brogan, Giovanni Torre (now media advisor for Senator Scott Ludlum). Mick Palassis was Guild Treasurer. There are too many people to mention. They took on a great responsibility at a very young age. 07:16 No Council can make a decision that is binding on the one following it. At the moment there is the 100th Guild Council. Even if some people are re-elected, it is viewed as a different Council. The various Guild Presidents even refer to each other by their numbers! 08:46 Track 6 00:00 00:09 Conclusion Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:31 Track 2 00:00 The role of the Projects Officer – starting up new projects or assisting with existing ones. Supported student projects with different visions from year to year. Different legislation and outside factors meant that events were different each year. 01:31 Professional staff had the corporate knowledge to ensure continuity. Turnover of Guild Council on an annual basis. Turnover of undergraduates every 3-5 years. 02:24 Regular events occurred throughout the academic year of 2 x 13 week semesters. Even during the summer break the Guild are gearing up for the following academic year. 03:35 Structured calendar. Enrolment takes place at the beginning of the year followed by orientation and then exams. 04:11 Every year there is a new intake of students. Arnold was part of the Orientation Working Group bringing together groups from all over the university to make sure that the new intake went off well. The Guild was enmeshed in this process which is unique. The aim of the Orientation Group was to settle in new students be they school leavers, international students, mature aged students or post graduate students. 06:04 It is that very collegial and community mind that makes UWA very different. 06:10 The Guild had the enrolment process down to 8 or 9 steps. The Guild had the responsibility of guiding students through these steps – letter of offer; student advice; unit selections through to student card, university systems, and tutorials. Guild membership was part of this process. This didn’t happen anywhere else. 07:34 UW and the Guild worked together irrespective of whether Guild membership was voluntary or not. Despite differences of philosophy from time to time, both the Guild and the university wanted to make the student experience a positive one. 08:20 Orientation followed enrolment. UWA orientation programme aimed to give students a good overview of the university. It was not a PR talk. It was recognised that people needed to feel at home and to feel ownership of the campus. This was worked out with UWA student services. Directors of Student Services included Jane den Hollander and Jon Stubbs who recognised the role of the Guild in student orientation. 09:54 Arnold developed Faculty specific talks. Students would get a mentor or student guide to walk them around campus and point know all the important landmarks. Even simple things like where the toilets are. This enabled first years to hit the ground running when they started their classes. 10:45 One international student only used one set of toilets as those were the only ones they knew and were too embarrassed to ask where others might be. 11:25 Orientation was followed by O-day which was an introduction to the university community and social life. O-day became bigger and bigger. This was due to the work that Guild staff did behind the scenes. They worked with the university to make it special. They integrated with the Commencement Ceremony where the Vice Chancellor and the Guild President would officially welcome people. 12:22 The O-Day field day was on James Oval. There was representation from social and student clubs, community groups and business who wanted to pitch to the student market. It grew from 90 stalls to about 186 stalls. 13:10 It was indicative of what life at UWA was like. There was a club for everyone. There were student clubs and Faculty Clubs. If there wasn’t a club, the Guild would help start it up. 14:14 O-day was in the planning for 3 months before the event. They had to get Council approvals, licensing issues, booking bands, plotting out where the stalls would go; organising the contractors; the power requirements. 15:06 O-day was on a Friday and there would be a cricket match on the Saturday so they had to ensure the ground was pristine. 15:36 Waste disposal was another aspect. 3-4 huge skip bins would be filled. Also hydration of the crowd and sun screen. 16:15 A lot of people were coming back to campus so the Guild student centre and membership was running flat out. The membership packs had to be pre-packed. It was there ready and waiting. 17:17 Catering took a bit hit from the amount of people involved – 10,000-15,000 in the same place for a 5-6 hour period. 17:52 Guild finance was in full swing to ensure all the clubs banking was ship shape and that there were floats and proper accounting procedures. 18:34 The professionalism of the Guild staff enabled the event to run well. Alex Marshall, Rohan Murray and now Jonathon Zahra were Activities Officers. The bigger it was, the bigger the expectation for next year. 19:30 The finance people, Henry Dudek and Darryl Sanders would come in at 5am just to make sure that everything was ready to go. 19:53 The membership department (Ben Hammond, Sarah Ghiradi, Adriana Begovich, Jake Spinner, Anna Murzyn, Alex Pond) ensured that the membership pack was ready and that the Guild message was being circulated through publications, the website, publicity etc. 20:40 The Student Centre Staff under Gina Barron were also flat out. 20:53 Arnold’s role was to liaise with all the different departments, keep them communicating and help out where possible. IT, stands, food, etc. etc. 22:24 James Oval was the only space big enough and it leaked out from here into the Guild courtyard and the Oak Lawn. 186 stalls was full capacity. There is no other large space to hold O-Day. Arnold’s O-Day in 1999 was held on the Oak Lawn. 23:24 The O-Day concert also is a big thing. Groove Terminator attracted 4,500 people. It was massive. 23:51 Heat is the biggest issue rather than rain. 24:17 Track 3 00:00 Then it was business as usual. The Guild staff used the RAWS model and Representation, Activities, Welfare and Services would all become part of their ongoing duties throughout the academic year. 01:01 Students had high level input into various university committees such as the Academic Council, the Academic Board, the Faculty Boards and the Senate. The student input is valued and indicative of the good working relationship between the university and the Guild. This is a huge responsibility for those students. 02:29 The Activities is the visual side of things such as theme weeks. Fringe Festival (Public Affairs Council). Enviro Week. Multicultural Week is huge and usually runs in 2nd Semester. It culminates in the Spring Feast. Post-grads would have their own week with seminars and things of interest to them. Public Affairs Council also put on Social Justice Week – refugee rights, indigenous rights etc. There would be a theme week every 2-3 weeks throughout the semester supported by the Guild. 06:46 The Clubs and Societies also ran social events during the academic year. The Manic Depressive Society was a huge club but petered out. One of the last Toga parties was held on campus during Arnold’s time. 08:06 PROSH was a large event and was one of Arnold’s babies. It changed massively and the organisation had to become more professional. In 2002, the City of Perth and the police wanted to stop the parade. It is the biggest single tin collecting day in WA. Things go wrong but the Guild is there to help PROSH and also to assist it to adapt and change. The parade is very heavily governed. At one time it was the graduation parade and wound through Kings Park. It is now quite tame in comparison. The route is negotiated from year to year. 11:17 PROSH has grown now raises upwards of $100,000 a year. The event has to be managed well but allow the students to express themselves. 12:23 A student left a squid in an aquarium that died and liquefied over a weekend. It was a very unpleasant job for Arnold to do. It was unreasonable in a professional capacity but part and parcel of the job for a Guild professional who has to work with students. 13:32 The Guild is not involved with student accommodation. Welfare was more about providing advice to students on benefits and to point them towards the university services. The Big Breakfast was a welfare event that was put on 4-8 times during the year. The Guild has to stay relevant and the welfare changes according to student needs. Most students now still live at home. 16:24 The Cruikshank-Routley Memorial Prize and the Guild Ball is a significant event. The prize is given to the student who has made the biggest contribution to student life and is not based solely on academic achievement. Students are nominated by their peers. The prize is presented at the Guild Ball. 18:57 There are also prizes for other clubs and Faculty societies. The Matildas are sometimes presented at the Guild Ball. This is a prize presented by Convocation to a student who had made a cultural contribution to campus. 20:35 The Guild Ball was at the end of the year. End of year celebrations were labelled Disorientation. 21:00 At examination times, Guild services included extensions and academic appeals, exam appeals. 21:19 Services also included the book stall ran by Betty Jansen; the Tavern, catering and other odds and sods. 21:51 For many years the Guild Ball was held in Winthrop Hall. In later years in moved to the Undercroft. Recently it has been held in the Guild Refectory. It is a special night. There would be a keynote speaker such as Janet Holmes à Court (who met her future husband, Robert, on Guild Council) or Harold Clough or Justice Nicholson. Bob Hawkes celebrated 50 years since he was Guild President in 2002. It is a recognition of the history of the Guild at the Guild Ball. 23:31 At one time, the Guild ran the Excellence in Teaching Awards where students nominated academic staff who excelled. These are now run by the university. When the Guild no longer had the resources to do it, the University picked it up. 24:28 Track 4 00:00 There were a lot of changes in the Guild during the years that Arnold worked there from 1999-2010. The Guild realised that they had to be responsive to student needs. During the VSU it was very challenging but it gave them a way of meeting challenging times. Change was often painful for the Guild and the students but it has made the Guild a very successful organisation and is recognised as such by the students, the academics and the university. 02:50 It has become better at selling its message. It recognises the importance of its brand and its presence. When Arnold was a student they were in the background and taken for granted. 03:28 It is also better at getting feedback on their services so that they can respond to student needs. 03:45 The future will be challenging. The change of Government recently on7 September may bring VSU back on the political agenda. 04:12 The Guild has the ability to survive if it makes the right decisions. 04:29 The Guild Council is the representative body and changes every year and can the change the course of the Guild. 05:12 UWA Student Guild, unlike other campuses, has always had fiercely contested elections. The elections are run properly by the WA Electoral Commission. Despite political ideology, the Guild will survive. 07:12 The student body campaign just like a State or Federal election. It is run to a very high standard. 07:42 Decisions of one Council are not binding on the one that succeeds it. 08:10 The terms are a year because it fits in with the academic year. Guild President is an enrolled unit that does not attract HECS field. The other positions are voluntary. Other Guilds pay people to take positions. 09:44 The future of the paid staff has always been tenuous. It depends on the decisions of the Guild Council. You don’t work for the Guild unless you love it. You don’t work there for the money! 10:27 Track 5 00:00 00:22 Conclusion Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/12de0201d50a3008be04c37e9971d897.mp3">Lee, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/19a74187e8baa82b65bceb548db94eef.mp3">Lee, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/6ee6de8868f2f7198b0be2c597b866fa.mp3">Lee, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/bfaf76ee7f9c91ee1d782ee58f9b70b7.mp3">Lee, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/49b730857ccca02024f344ad894c7e2b.mp3">Lee, Interview 1, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c26ed3dfa528d979c6e1ec1d076d3ea5.mp3">Lee, Interview 1, Track 6</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/86f7d55c4cb148bc5ab314fe2dc82327.mp3">Lee, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/7aa2d8774a45cb093af9f3627bee93ce.mp3">Lee, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/6e8f067f6a8f59d3640dfbd1508af9ab.mp3">Lee, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/7432dc3374cccc1b1cfa0c2069ba5957.mp3">Lee, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/3508306046d4b7416fe7b522765095a5.mp3">Lee, Interview 2, Track 5</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arnold Lee interview, 19 September 2013 and 26 September 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Guild of Undergraduates Description An account of the resource Arnold Lee moved to Forrestfield, WA from Liverpool in 1976 and following his TEE was accepted into the University of Western Australia to study for a Bachelor of Science in 1991. After Lee left the University as a student he began to work for the Student Guild as a Projects Officer, a position he would occupy for over 10 years. This position involved supporting and creating projects and he was particularly involved with student Orientation and PROSH, the charity newspaper create by University of Western Australia students. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lee, Arnold Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Arthur Conacher Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 52 minutes, 54 seconds Interview 2: 48 minutes, 42 seconds Interview 3: 42 minutes, 47 seconds Total: 2 hours, 24 minutes, 23 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00:00 Introduction. South Africa, Pietermaritzburg, New Zealand 1960.1968. Auckland degree and majoring in geography. 00:04:57 Two years master in geography. A regional planning authority. Public service. Teaching. Academic career. Lecturer and professor. Teaching and PhD. New Zealand vs Australian university. Master degree New Zealand and Australia. Ken Cumberland. 00:08:58 Paying for a Masters degree. Professor in Perth has a paid for Masters degree. Supervising students. No qualifications. Teaching external students. Quality of teaching in New Zealand. Pass and fail rates. 00:12:26 Default subject. Wanting to work outside. Interest in people and places. Queensland and coming to WA. Dave Murray* and application in WA. Several members of staff leave UWA. Geomorphology. Understanding of soil property. 00:16:45 Perth and Auckland. Memories of the department. Comparisons to Brisbane. Staff. Cartographer, photographer, workshop and vehicles. Driving a bus. Teacher and marriage. 00:20:10 Geographers marry each other. Coming to Perth. Patches of salt in the paddock. Memories of the buildings. Chemistry building. The department was an improvement. Head has a paid Masters degree. Dr Gentilly. 00:23:55 The Stephenson plan and Hackett drive. Comparisons of theatres at UWA. Cultural life of Perth and University. 00:26:05 Martyn Webb. Introductions to UWA and WA. Course structure. Masters years physical and human geography. Loss to the science faculty. Teachers and vicious circle. Rural Geography and structural changes. 00:30:10 Comparisons to Canada and depth of study. Applied geography and environmental management. Feel of UWA and the college look. Tropical grove and the farm. Prescott’s door is always open. University house, Monash Avenue and university ghetto of the university. 00:35:20 Social experiences of living in the University community. Time for lecturing and administration. Campus funding and research. Funded by private enterprise and research outcomes. 00:39:10 Sabbatical years and fresh ideas. University lecturers and benefits of someone else’s experiences. Matthew Tonts. Coming to UWA 1968. Lecturing in gowns. Webb was English Oxford formal. General and academic staff have different tea rooms. 00:42:50 Preparing courses and marking. Publication. Finding the course on arrival. Graham Rundle*. Field work and laboratory space. CSIRO. Students. 00:47:25 Five universities in Perth - UWA is the best. Geography department. Formulating a course for universal use. Not specific to WA. Geomorphology and agriculture of WA. 00:51:20 Lecturer and hopes for career and the joy of the job. Promotion to chair. Ambition. Track 2 00:00:00 Expanding on a theme. Helping to make it a better place. Strongly regional geography. Man environment. Lester King and Charles Cotton. Geomorphology and Morris. Site and scenery. Continental drift. Evidence of continental drift. 00:05:30 Plate tectonics. Auckland string of geography. Master and papers. History and nature of geography. Staff in Auckland. Stuart Frazer Leaves to come to UWA. 00:08:26 Fiona Woods and Auckland. Editor of the Australian Geographers Journal. Master and interest in physical and urban geographer. Dalrymple* and Bloomfield. Writing up land surface work. Teaching palaeogeology* and landscape processes at UWA. 00:12:50 The early years and development of career at UWA. Student course requirements. 24 hrs devoted to the subject. Joe Gentilly* and climate biogeography. Text books for school. Geography of Australia 3rd year. Applied Rural Geography. Convener of the Honours School. 00:17:30 Advance geomorphology and Physical and Human geography. Examining and running field work. Heavy teaching load comparisons today. Community of UWA academic staff. Changes. 00:21:26 Senior Lecturer and Head of Department. Salinity problems 70 in York Dalwallinu. Dave Murray*. The Agriculture Department and Harry Whittington*. Through flow water. Farmers and the agriculture department. People supporting farmer’s problem. PhD students and the mixing of the through flow model. Water salinity and the wheat belt. 00:28:30 Water supplies and global warming. Environmental impact and Martyn Webb.* Foresting and logging. First environmental impact statement 1974. Beth Shultz* and the south west forest defence. Karri forest being clear felled. Valentine. Sue Grist. Simon Neville. 00:34:45 UWA giving back to the community and the growth of the department. Becoming all consuming, Students couldn’t get jobs as people are opposed to comment. The Underwood tree. Woodchip. Support of big business. Getting into the environmental management. 00:39:40 Pedogeomorphic literature. Research in Israel and Reading. Old contact interaction and limited facilities. Meeting people in Israel. Interactions. Trent University and comparisons with the Canadian shield. Hydro geographical destruction and replanting. Competitive weed tree Marri. 00:46:45 Excess water and the water corporation. Senior Lecturer and Head of Department. 1970s and God Professors. VC Robert Street. Elected head 1977-9 David Murray. Appointed Chairs. Mike Taylor and John Dodson*. Preparing the texts for the first years. Duties shared. Track 3 00:00:00 Queensland university experience brought to UWA. Election for the Head. Ian Elliot and Gentilly* – climatologist feels hard done by. School curriculum changed. Fire in the department. Becoming head for the second time. never keen on administration. 00:06:00 GIS in the department. David Treloar* - the whole submission. Special science at CURTIN. Third time as head. Things are falling apart. Alan Robson. Splitting of the old science faculty. Physical Life Sciences and Natural and Agricultural Sciences. 00:10:10 Faculty of Science. Alan Robson. Damage. Geography declines on a world scale. Martyn Webb brings in Asian geography. 00:15:05 Other problems from bad appointments. Matthew Tonts*. Dean of Faculty of Science and other positions. Responsibility for finances. Responsibilities. Geography out of Arts. Arts Faculty and Science. Awards for achievements. DSc. Joe Powell. 00:20:06 Senior Honorary Fellow. Publications and pressures of today. Public or perish. Publishing books Environment and Planning in Australia. Janet co-author. COMLAND Awards. IGU, International Geographical Union. Mike Meadows. Mediterranean and region study. 00:26:13 Publications. Environment problem solving, Tree and soil, sand seas in north China. Outcomes of COMLAND. Land use policies. The internationalisation of UWA. Working in China. Political problems. 00:30:40 Ranking and the Shanghai index. Based on reasonably objective data. Higher education ranking on an international scale. 00:33:13 Good career and memories of good field work. High powered academic exercise. Representative on international meetings. Korea, India, South America - Argentina. Catamarca* province and Buenos Aires*. Mexico City. 00:37:30 Summing up experience at UWA. Gardens and people, students. Looking to the university today and looking to the future. Specialising and being comprehensive. Old faculty and money. Money drives everything. Trying to lower teaching demands. Final words. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a7dc79987f001091c574e290abfd0bb7.mp3">Conacher, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/2399537b2269cccf5d9201f30b5750f0.mp3">Conacher, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/85299ac8a83a63ddac1a410f7c4da31a.mp3">Conacher, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arthur Conacher interview, 5 September 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Geography Description An account of the resource Three times head of Geography at the University of Western Australia Arthur Conacher talks of his career at UWA since 1968. Originally an Urban Geographer he would become a Physical Geographer with varied interests including land degradation, salinity, soil/slope and hydrology. Arthur Conacher became Senior Lecturer in 1974 becoming Head of Department for the first time from 1977-1979 and Associate Professor in 1980. He has published extensively and travelled widely with his work and in doing so has contributed to the internationalisation of the University. Arthur Conacher has recently been awarded for his work with COMLAND and the IGU and has a DSc. From 1983 – 1985 he served on the Council of the Institute of Australian Geographer, he also holds a Fellowship of the IAG and is currently an Honorary Research Fellow of the University of Western Australia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Conacher, Arthur Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Barbara Main Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 45 minutes, 27 seconds Interview 2: 51 minutes, 37 seconds Interview 3: 44 minutes, 51 seconds Total: 2 hours, 21 minutes, 55 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 Introduction background information. Barbara York and the Wheat belt in the depression. Affinity with the landscape. Interest in entomology. Women’s options for a career. Desire to work in a museum. 00:05:05 Ludwig Glauert and the Perth Museum. Farming life and brothers. Solitary person. Escaping life and farming community by gaining education. The path of coming to University of Western Australia. Schooling and families on farms. Matriculation and institutional life at The Women’s College, Catherine College, in the box buildings from WWII. Memories of life and the university. 00:10:28 Impressions of UWA and actual experiences of the campus. Reputation of the department of Zoology. Memories of Ernest Hodgkin. Inspiration and the study of entomology and Jenkins. Professor Waring and Professor Nichols. Presence of women at the university. Classical biology and new ideas with Professor Waring. 00:16:40 Waring broadens the scope of the course. Bob Kirk. Direction. Thoughts of the liberal arts course. Interest in writing of general natural history. Decisions to do a science degree. Dropping out of mathematics and opting for the soft sciences. 00:20:39 Early years and the course structure. Memories of Nichols and Clarke*, Rex Prider*, Rhodes Fairbridge. Inspiring world of the university and learning. Getting into entomology with Ernest Hodgkin. Interest in spiders and arachnology. Economic entomology and Western Australia. 00:25:30 Studies on spiders, trapdoor spiders. 00:31:30 Studying crustaceans and spiders. Orb weavers and teaching at Otago* New Zealand. Life as a student as an undergraduate and PhD student in the 1940-50s. Western Australia a diverse place to study Mygalomorph spiders. 00:35:10 UWA and the rest of the world. Visits to Australia Museum and Tasmania. Professor Hickman* was an inspiration. Memories of the museum in WA and curator Ludwig Glauert. 00:38:11 Isolated university and students ambitions. Medical school and higher degree. Bert Main goes to Chicago and Oxford. Among the first PhD students at UWA. Direction of personal career. The second woman to obtain a PhD. Encouragement of women by Professor Waring in the course. Obtaining a formal position was impossible for women. Catherine Berndt* anthropology. Importance of research grants. 00:43:20 Formal positions for women at UWA not encouraged. Mother was sympathetic for Barbara to further her studies. Interview 2 00:00:00 Memories of Chris Jessop. Stimulated by a person considered a bush naturalist. Inaccessible to the public. Direction and focus for publications. 00:05:10 Distinguishing the primitive Mygalomorph and modern spiders. Evolution of spiders. Origins of the Palaeozoic era. Attracted by the webs of the true spiders. Door types and taxonomic characters. 00:10:45 Finding new species the genus idiosoma*spiders. Discoveries put Barbara Main on the map. Having grants at UWA as a PhD and further career. 00:15:30 Becoming a lecturer. Order of Obiata* spiders. Spider studies. Wolf spiders. Australian Museum. Motivations to study Mygalomporph*spiders. 00:20:20 Scholarship to the British museum. Encouragement to go overseas. Observations in Britain and other museum. Difference of spiders in isolation. Early findings and formal taxonomy. Conothele* Malayana. As distinct from a genus called Amidia* from the Americas and Spain. Findings of the commonness of the species. Species found only in WA. 00:25:40 Isolation of colony. WA a South-Western peninsular and the relic from the Gondwana phase. Description of the habitat of trapdoor spiders. Downgrading of zoology and the emphasis on procedure. Subjects that attract students. 00:29:47 Sharing of knowledge at the University, departments. Publications. Blind Mygalomorphs* live in the caves of the Nullarbor. People don’t read papers. Comparisons to the connection of botanical papers to other organisms. People attracted to other areas of study. 00:35:00 Importance of spiders as sign post to other ecology and the changing environment. Reserves, endangered and restricted species of trapdoor spiders. People taking on board indicators. SRE Short Range Endemics. Impacts of mining. Assessing short range of Trapdoors. 00:37:07 Working with Harry Butler. Spiders eat small reptiles. Studies of Redback spiders. Comparing New Zealand and African species. Development of career. Affinity of spiders with other locations and countries. Recognising female and male spiders. Morphology of spiders. Sperm transfer via pedipalps*. Male trapdoor spiders are capture and studies. Collecting the penultimate male. Identifying a species. 00:44:01 Focusing future work. Diversity of climate ranges. Western Australia has a wider range of species. Technology associated with study of spiders not so reliable. Study of crustaceans. Sticking to spiders. Discussing invertebrates. The importance of publishing. Taxonomy of spiders. Being approached to write books. Spiders of Australia... A guide to their identification with brief notes on the natural history and common form. Jacaranda 1964 00:49:00 Writing of the book with encouragement by Professor Waring. Drawings of spiders. Memories of influential people. Professor Waring and the pursuit of research interest. Proving self. Interview 3 00:00:00 Career and teaching. Going through CV Adjunct Professor. Changes in the quality of academic learning, teaching and formal procedures. Changes student and staff research techniques altering at the broad scale taxonomic affinities. Species level and survey short range endemics. Protecting flora and fauna. Students and specialists, the attitudes of biologists. 00:04:24 Rating and rankings are well deserved by UWA. Memories of Albert Russel Main. Lecturing and field courses, his grounding in geology and biology. Conservation implications. Bert and his wider scope for zoology. Research and ecological teaching. National and international recognition. 00:09:52 Main’s early work with frogs. Research in artificial mating of frogs, interest in frog desert adaptation. Main’s early students. Murray Littlejohn* and his technological interest. Distinguishing frogs call. Bert’s interest in adaptation in organisms. Involvement with government bodies. Bert’s involvement in development of reserves. 00:14:45 Bert and his achievements personal chair in 1967. Waring and the god professor system. BR Main was very busy and was a great talker. Not a didactic teacher. Expansive public lectures. Waring and Main are awarded for their work Britannica Award*. Broadening his work on marsupials. Bert and his interest in Marsupial physiology. 00:18:30 Fellow of the AAS, Honorary foreign member of the ASIH, commander of the civil division of the Order of the British Empire. The importance of being recognised for work done. Collaboration in field work. Rough camping and the community at UWA. 00:22:25 Problems at UWA and the parking situation. Discouragement to go to university. Getting information online. The visual aspect of UWA and the Landscape for Learning. Designer buildings. 00:25:10 BR Main’s further achievements. Honorary member of the Royal Society, Honorary DSC, ecological society of Australia medal and Von Beulah medal*. Memories of the B York Main AO. 00:20:11 UWA and other universities. Murdoch and Notre Dame*. Larger number of students and the competition and interaction. Interactions with Curtin and Edith Cowan. International field of landscape and language. 00:30:20 Informal connections. Guest lecturer and conference and study. Zoology and UWA and the world-level interactions. BR Main’s direct interests in zoological affinities with fauna on a world scale. Persistence of Organisms in Australian ecology and changing landscape. 00:34:27 Involvements in corporate endeavours. Spiders and people’s phobias. Most spiders are harmless. Involvements with writing fiction and prose writings. King Wave* and A Visit From Home. Between Wodjil and Tor. Twice-trodden Ground. 00:40:50 Further involvements in lecturing and course involvements. Personal concerns and future interests. Working more solidly with half-finished manuscripts. Final words about UWA 00:44:45 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c68ca678c5dce88d401ee9e4306a9c63.mp3">Main, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1ed47ea79546b4c9f7e3928d08bdb9fb.mp3">Main, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/2c5b761ecaec74b3da44523c0a9cfd21.mp3">Main, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Barbara Main interview, 22 August 2012, 29 August 2012 and 5 September 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Science; Zoology Description An account of the resource Born in Kellerberrin in 1929, Adjunct Professor Barbara York Main grew up with an interest in insects. After completing her schooling at Northam High School she entered the University of Western Australia to study Zoology, finishing her PhD in 1956. Professor Main has worked at the University of Western Australia as an Honorary Associate, Lecturer and Senior Research Fellow since 1958. Professor Main is a leading expert on arachnology with a particular focus on the genus Mygalomorph (Trap Door Spider). She has written four books and has published 90 research papers. Professor Main has been awarded an Order of Australia Medal for her extensive work in Zoology. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Main, Barbara Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Barry Marshall Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 20 minutes, 26 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 10 minutes, 43 seconds Interview 3: 1 hour, 39 minutes, 7 seconds Total: 4 hours, 10 minutes, 16 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00:00 Barry James Marshall 1951 in Kalgoorlie hospital. Background information. Parents history. Bob and Dianne Marshall. Parents and grandparents marry young. Bellman at the Railway Hotel. Mother origins in Victoria. Brains come from mothers side. Fathers background. Stolen generation of white people. Parents, father, mother 00:04:50 Railway Hotel in Kalgoorlie was an exciting place. Winning the lotteries and the coming of the war. Grandmother and father buy a hotel. Mother is in Gwalia. Father was a rebel during the war. Father has a paper round. Father makes more money than most adults. Father gets in trouble with the law. Father goes on work release. Father, mother, hotel 00:10:40 Father ends up in Christian Brothers school. Father in Kalgoorlie and works in the railway yards. Rationing associated with housing. Grandfather comes up the hard way. grandfather 00:14:26 Earliest memories of childhood. Memories of Kalgoorlie. Memories of going to Rum jungle. Living in Carnarvon. Being exposed to whaling and brothers health issues. Sheep slaughtering. Impressions of technology. Fremantle and Kalgoorlie. Fathers hotels in Kalgoorlie. Coming back to Perth and building a house in Scarborough. Childhood, sheep, Fremantle Kalgoorlie Track 2 00:00:00 Fremantle was the end of the earth. Schooling in Kalgoorlie. Neighbours were an escaped Nazi. Learning to read. Being the top of the class. Other childhood memories of Kalgoorlie. Making money and memories of the horse races in Kalgoorlie. Kalgoorlie, money 00:04:39 Childhood of books and new technology. Childhood games and Guy Fawkes night. Loving school. Learning to respect your elders. Germs and infectious diseases at school. Mothers nursing. Books, new technology, nurse 00:09:36 New jobs in Perth. Moving to Scarborough. Building the family house. There was always someone better at school. Aspirations at school. Inquisitive. Thoughts of career. Sickness and reading. School, reading 00:13:50 Hungering after books. Reading manuals and Encyclopaedias and nursing books. Reading bout disease and medicine. Penicillin and antibiotics. Hygiene at the toilets at school and disease at school. Paranoid about hell and sin. Being well behaved. Hygiene, antibiotics, penicillin 00:18:45 Primary school and high school. Science books and Nobel laureates. Robin warren. Memories of being inspired to be a doctor. University aptitude test and Winthrop hall. Extended medical school at UWA. Dick Joskie* sees something in Marshall. University, Dick Joskie, Winthrop hall 00:24:40 Reputation of University of WA. Memories of Curtin university. Faculty of engineering and medicine. Interesting places at UWA. Engineering. Computing at Physics. Reputation of UWA, medicine 00:26:50 Working out how to break a high stressed beam. Wanting to prove people wrong. Transition from school to UWA. Struggling with maths at UWA. High level studies at UWA. Surviving the first year at UWA. Getting a scholarship for medicine. Completion at UWA. Scholarship, struggling 00:31:40 Studying intently at UWA. Being inspired to work at UWA. Brian Stokes. Lesley Callor*. Fabulous people at UWA. Don Watts* is a character. Physics and Chemistry was heaven. Mathematics was a little harder. Don watts, Brian Stokes, Lesley Callor 00:35:15 Student and senior lecturers. Medical school. Understand and learning. Examples of a T test. Memories of the left wing communists. Sue Boyd*. Memories of Prosh. Arts students were at the coffee shops. Student, senior lecturer, medical school 00:39:00 Learning anatomy from books. Not learning Botany and taxonomy. Focus on the hard core sciences. Writing research papers and test. Not involved in guild. Involved in the university regiment. Camps and training. Teaching junior recruits. Memories of the army. and memories of being able to teach. Learning from books, research papers, university regiment 00:44:00 Reputation and pride of being at UWA. Being as good as you could get. People come to WA from oxford and Cambridge. Professor Ten Seldan.* expansion of medical school. Concerns of passing the course. Competition at UWA. Lots of practical classes. Academics working hard at UWA. Ten Seldan, competition, medical school 00:50:30 Interests in gastroenterology. Barry Marshall and Prosh day. Not aware of hepatitis and blood squirting around at Prosh day. Medical school and specialising. Straight forward medicine. Prosh, gastroenterology 00:54:10 Memories of surgery. Really challenging parts of surgery. Surgery was like plumbing. Skills of knowing when someone is unwell or is getting better. Thoughts of future interests. Surgery, skills, interests 00:57:20 General surgery and brain stokes. Neurosurgery. Intensive internal medicine. Working hard and studying. Exciting prospects and getting interested in research. Not fitting in well with the academic life. Neurosurgery, research, not fitting in End 01:00:00 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00:00 Each year trying to do research. surgery and obstetrics. Taking to clinical jobs. Case reports. Heat stroke in marathon runners. Gastroenterology and Robin Warren. Tom Waters. Robin spots bacteria on biopsies. Meeting Robin Warren. Research project, Robin Warren, Tom Waters* 00:05:03 Serious pathologist. Robin happy to discuss bacteria. Stomach sterile and campylobacter. Looking at biopsies. Different strains and campylobacter. Chickens and campylobacter. Bacteria had been seen in the past. Thinking about the stomach and ulcers. Interesting research . Proving the medicals wrong. Robin finds more and more bacteria. Bacteria cant exist. Correct logic. Campylobacter, Bacteria, stomach and ulcers, Robin finds bacteria. Bacteria cant exist 00:11:35 Looking at the records and investigating patients. Stress associated with bacteria. Gastritis. National library of medicine literary search. Classifying gastritis. Descriptions of bacteria throughout history. People are ignoring the bacteria. The technology and biopsies. Culturing the bacteria. Failure to culture bacteria in 1981. Gastritis, ignoring the bacteria, biopsies, culturing the bacteria 00:17:11 Doing a proper study of 100 people. Questionnaires and research money. Support. Talking about the bacteria. Dr Lee. Getting closer to a successful culture. Studying 100 patients. Data and coding of findings and the study. Studying 100 patients, data, coding of findings, study, Dr Lee 00:21:37 Culturing the bacteria. Bacteria in the Petri dish are different. Everyone who has an ulcers and bacteria. Studying the literature and information of the stomach. Duodenal ulcers. Hypothesis of a duodenal ulcer. Fitting data together and the cause of peptic ulcers. Presenting to the case rounds in Port Hedland. Alan Eggleston the senator. Culturing the bacteria, ulcers and bacteria, Duodenal ulcers, Alan Eggleston* 00:27:38 Writing letters to the academics. Writing to the director of health Lawson Holman*. Writing an abstract for the college meeting. Sceptics of the hypothesis. Biopsy of gastritis. Len Matts.* bacteria grows in scopes. Pseudo minus. Weibo Fung, Chinese gastroenterologists. Discover of Helicobacter. Other people have skimmed over the bacteria and never made the discovery. Lawson Holman*, sceptics, gastritis, Len Matts,* Pseudo minus, Weibo Fung* 00:33:40 Wanting to go on with studying. John Pearman*. Ulcers one of the most charismatic disease. Microbiologists are interested in bacteria. The Mayo Clinic Ian Hislop*. D ulcers and gastritis. Respecting scientific technique. Getting work on campylobacter in Fremantle hospital 1983. Peter Smith. John Peerman, Ian Hislop, Peter Smith 00:37:27 Hitting the ground running. Submitted applications to tie up the loose ends. Writing an abstract for the Australian College of Gastroenterology. Finding a bacteria in the stomach was a complete yawn. Doing study with Ian Hislop*. Bismuth, antimony, arsenic. Curing bacteria with heavy metal. Bismuth had been used on stomach bacteria in the past. Ian Hislop, Bismuth, curing bacteria 00:43:00 Maximising value with Robin warren. Deciding to publish together. Writing two letters. Robin knows how important the discoveries are going to be. Publishing of theory and reviewers of theory. Cannot mention that bacteria causes ulcers. Barry and the study of patients. The junior partner. Robin Warren, Publishing of theory, bacteria causes ulcers, The junior partner 00:49:50 Failing at the Australian conference and presenting in the Brussels campylobacter conference. David McGechie*. Calling Martin Skirrow world campylobacter expert. Writing an abstract and getting funding from Fremantle Hospital. David McGechie, Calling Martin Skirrow Track 2 00:00:00 Off to Brussels. Fremantle was the right launching pad for Brussels. Travel grant on the cv. People were entreprenrial. Harvy Turner. Practicing the presentation. The next winner of the Americas cup Australia II. Marshall Blazer and ulcers cause all peptic ulcers. Martin Skirrow in Worcester*. Harvey Turner, Marshall Blazer, peptic ulcers, Martin Skirrow 00:04:00 Culturing the bacteria. Describing gastritis and bacteria. Guido Tricot*. Identifying the bacteria. People going crazy at the Amsterdam hospital. Discovering bismuth as cure. Gasprocardis* are excited. People switching into Helicobacter. Many people make their career out of Helicobacter. Guido Tricot, Gisprocardis 00:07:20 Naming of the bacteria. Campylobacter pyloridis. Winning the grand final and being heroes. Nothing better than you could do. Thinking of getting a Nobel prize. Bad luck. Projecting career and going to America. Working at Fremantle. Skirrow helps publication. Getting to know David Sharp*. David Sharp, Skirrow, heroes 00:14:24 Publishing the paper in the lancet. Ian Munroe*. Martin Skirrow going gang busters and independent reviewer. Editing the paper to publish. Being published in the Lancet*. Publishing, lancet, Skirrow Interview 3 Track 1 00:00:00 Publication in the Lancet. NHMRC funding. Modest funding request. International recognition. People testing out the theory. People make the same findings. Result of publication in the lancet. Publication in the Lancet, NHMRC funding, modest funding request, International recognition 00:04:10 1984 Final year of working in Fremantle hospital. Great results. Proving a pathogen. Trying to infect piglets. Problems and criticism. Decision to do a self experiment. Koch’s postulates. Getting nowhere with grants. Results of Bismuth* and Metronidazole. Secret combination. Getting over confident about curing Helicobacter. Pathogen, self experiment, Koch’s postulates, Bismuth* and Metronidazole, curing Helicobacter 00:08:57 Treatment results on patients. Proving the pathogen. Percentage of people with Helicobacter. Brewing up for a self experiment. Drinking the mix of bugs. Results of taking the mixture. Stomach becomes paralysed and nausea and vomiting. Bacteria in the biopsies. Treatment, Bacteria in the biopsies. 00:14:10 Robin warren is infected with Helicobacte Pylori. Memories of the experiment. Mother comments of bad breath. Results of endoscopy. Telling wife about the experiment. Results, experiment 00:18:50 Having endoscopy to find results and taking antibiotics. End of experiment. Self cured. Medical Journal of Australia a re disappointed. Campylobacter Pyloridus and gastro duodenal disease. Clinical finding from 1983-4. An attempt to fulfil Koch’s postulates for HB P. Self cured, Campylobacter Pyloridus and gastro duodenal disease. Clinical finding from 1983-4. An attempt to fulfil Koch’s postulates for Helicobacter Pylori 00:22:49 John Armstrong’s view of the paper An attempt to fulfil Koch’s postulates for HB P. historic evidence of gastritis and HB. William Mosley’s* book on of gastritis. Looking at all the medical books. John Armstrong 00:27:15 Searching through the literature for proof of infection with Helicobacter Pylori. Rewriting the results An attempt to fulfil Koch’s postulates for Helicobacter Pylori. Ian Hislop’s* opposition to the theory. Lancet response to the paper in the Medical Journal of Australia. journal very highly sited. People following up of the findings. Rewriting, Ian Hislop’s*, findings. 00:32:48 Procter and Gamble - Norwich. Peptobismol. Speaking in America and about bacteria. Getting job offers from America. Lecturing in Stanford and Dallas Texas. Procter and Gamble, Peptobismol 00:37:04 Comparing Tagamed and Zantac. The new paradigm. Harvey Turner and breath test. Funded by NHMRC. Working back with Robin Warren and Stuart Goodwin. Getting requests to write for journals. Job offer and Procter* and gamble. Licensing patents. Comparing Tagamed, Zantac, Harvey Turner, NHMRC, Robin Warren, Stuart Goodwin 00:43:03 Talking about going to America in 1986. Decade of development. Gaining Warren Alpert Prize. 1984 Australian findings. Presenting papers and talking to people. Result being tested around the world. Treating patients with Anti Biotics in Perth. Warren Alpert Prize 00:47:20 Working on people for a study. Blood test for ulcers. Going to a conference in America. Being funded by NHMRC. Fake process of the double blind study. Getting result of double blind study. Proof that the antibiotics work. 4 years where nothing much happens in clinical work. Blood test double blind study. Getting result of double blind study, proof Track 2 00:00:00 1998 everyone was against Marshall. 1988 and 1991 criticised by the sceptics. Pure double blind study Bismuth Tagamed Zantac, Metronidazole. Curing most of the helicobacter patients. Published in the new English journal. Gold standard credibility. Massachusetts medical society. Funded by proctor and gamble. Advertising scams. Peptobismol kills bacteria. Little articles in the popular press. People write to Warren and Marshall for advice. Thousands of people cured in the US. 1993 things are getting out of control consensus conference in 1994. 00:04:19 The process does take a long time. generic medications. Lack of resources. Billion drug companies selling ulcer treatments. Smith, Kline and French. Competing with acid blockers. Promotional research. Tagamed. Is Zantac 5% better than Tagamed. The cure rate. Taking tablets for ulcer treatment. People shying away from helicobacter. Not mentioning helicobacter treatment. Doctors don’t hear about the new paradigm that is being swamped. 00:07:38 No research into helicobacter. Talking about Warren alpert prize. Baker award lecture. The Paul Ehrlich Medal. The Florey Medal. Not understanding what was going on. Consensus conference and the treatment of helicobacter. The Ulcer Wars documentary and the word is getting out. The in thing. The junior guys move up through the ranks. 00:10:16 Breath test company and academic industry. Supplementing income with lecturing. Getting the word out to 1000s of patients. Sacrificing career developments. Being interviewed by CNN but no one has heard of it. Important new discovery and the Warren Alpert award. What does it mean to het a prize. A prize CV. Nominating for the Nobel prize. 00:14:20 Deciding to get the prize in 1986. Nothing has happened in 10 years. People nominate for the Nobel prize. Strain in America. Moving to Perth. Awarded the AMA Hippocratic award. The Florey medal from the scientific community is a great honour. 00:17:05 Thoughts and rumours for the NP. Having dinner each year for the Nobel Prize day each time. 2005 and Robin warren is called. Being called personally. Getting the news. Doing interviews around the world for 5 hours. 00:22:27 All hell breaks lose. Alan Robson and the hero of the university. The PM Science prize. Doing TV and press. Robin Williams Norman swan and Dr Carl. Memories of the award ceremony. 10 of December prize giving. 00:26:52 Scientific and media events. Giving speech and attending the king. The massive banquet. The speech is an issue. Stressful being the Nobel laureate. Meeting the king. Robin warren has medical issues and is taken to hospital. 00:29:59 Getting prizes to lead up to the award. The Nobel committee. Being recognised all around the world. The Buchannan Medal* and The Royal Society. Descent about the Nobel. How the Nobel has changed Marshalls life. Empowered by the Nobel Prize. Not worried about rejection. Seeing the value. Valuable to have a Nobel prize winner in you state and institutions. Validating research. 00:35:05 The Marshall centre is set up. Ondek.* maintaining the brand. Experts in different fields. NP will still be valued. Maintaining the prestige of the NP. Starting up a company relating to Helicobacter. Reason on evolution for HB. Hypo allergy. HB disappearing from western society. Research into pro-biotics. The answer to use bacteria. HB is hard to transmit. Change of lifestyle. Better of with HB in childhood. 00:38:55 Super vaccine for HIV and Bird flu. The office of the NL attracting attention to UWA. K Laurie at the office of the NL. 3 international invitations ever week. Writing to the PM and the Premier. Burnet* Fellowship at UWA and looking at work and career at UWA. Looking back at experience. A great spirit at UWA an Ivy league university. Helping to continue with becoming the top 50. Contributing to the university ratings. 00:45:05 End of interview Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/cc7729879ccc043af487571c28e66429.mp3">Marshall, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0c6f295ee2314f791b9e5451a8415277.mp3">Marshall, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/161ed206282dd294fe8a10ba15ce10c7.mp3">Marshall, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/ffe0b56f6e359d1c4742a3ba660c5f9e.mp3">Marshall, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a6c920f2f8c7a48383e537579a930d9c.mp3">Marshall, Interview 3, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/9ecdd746705cde00aa88787f2b370cc7.mp3">Marshall, Interview 3, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Barry Marshall interview, 25 June 2014, 20 August 2014 and 24 September 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Medicine Description An account of the resource Professor Barry Marshall, along with Emeritus Professor Robin Warren discovered Helicobacter Pylori as the cause of Stomach Ulcers. He and Robin Warren were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for their findings in 2005. During the interview Barry discusses his family background and interest in medicine. He talks of his experiences at UWA as a student, his developing career and ultimately his work in gastroenterology which would lead him to meet Robin Warren and to their initial findings in 1982. He mentions the difficult process of bringing their hypothesis that ‘ulcers were caused by helicobacter pylori’ to world attention. In 1984, following unsuccessfully trying to infect pigs, Barry proved his theory by self-testing. He drank a mix of Helicobacter, which caused dramatic infection within a few days. It would be 20 years before both he and Robin Warren would be awarded the ultimate prize for their discovery, The Nobel Prize. Barry talks of the years of gradual world recognition leading up to 2005 and being awarded the Nobel Prize; including his continued career and work in America being awarded the Warren Alpert Prize, The Paul Ehrlich Medal and The Florey medal among others. In looking at his education and career and awards to date, Barry speaks of what it means to him to be a Nobel Laureate. He looks at the University of WA and its place in the world and how he sees it as an institution of learning on the world stage. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marshall, Barry Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Basil Balme Location The location of the interview Claremont, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 58 minutes, 56 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 01:47 Track 2 00:00 Grandfather from Bradford, Yorkshire, UK. Basil’s father worked at Collie and farmed at Meckering. Later, he bought a shop in Victoria Park and then at Mends Street, South Perth. Basil’s mother taught piano. Basil’s father was gassed during the Battle of Passchendaele in about 1917. He was a heavy smoker and died in his early forties (c 1935). Basil attended schools in Victoria Park, Como and Subiaco. Subsequently, he attended Perth Boy’s School. He did the Junior Certificate and passed 10 subjects and won a scholarship which gave him entry into Scotch College. Luckily he was good at sports and played in their football and cricket teams. They beat Aquinas College to win the Darlow Cup at the WACA in 1939. He became Head Boy at Scotch College but thinks it was because so many boys left due to WWII. 06:45 Basil wanted to do law but you had to have Leaving Latin. He did first year engineering at UWA but realised that it wasn’t for him. There was no medical school at this time. He didn’t want to get called up into the army so he joined the Royal Australian Navy in 1942 and became a radar officer. He was on the corvette HMAS Cowra doing convoy duty in the Pacific for about 2 years and then did more training before serving on the Bungaree. 11:15 After the war he went back to UWA and studied geology. Returned servicemen had their fees paid. He had a scholarship to St George’s College. At this time, Basil considered UWA to be a training school for professionals rather than a university. There was very little research being done apart from perhaps in the Department of Agriculture. The first Professor of Zoology who came to UWA in 1948, Harry Waring (1910-1980) , changed the attitude of UWA towards research. 15:30 Teaching in Geology was very good. Professor Rex Prider was a mineralogist. R W Fairbridge published a lot of work. Curt Teichert was a palaeontologist. He was not there when Basil did his Honours year. The system in those days was to do a three year degree course followed by a year of research. You were expected to find your own project. Basil was approached by Joe Lord, the Surveyor-General, to look at a new technique called palynology. It was the study of the fossil pollen and spore of fossil plants that had been distributed by the wind and incorporated in marine and non-marine sediments. They were very resistant to decay. This had originally developed for the coal industry in England but it was highly successful and could be employed in the oil industry as well. Basil established his reputation and made a lot of money for the Department. This method is used widely today in the Departments of Archaeology and Anthropology. Field trips to the Irwin River every year until Honours year to see fossils in strata. You could also do field work in your Honours year. 20:44 The spores and pollen study made it quite easy to get jobs. At one time Basil got a Fullbright Scholarship to Harvard and was paid on the staff for another year before getting a job at New York University for about 3 years. He also had a paid television programme in New York. Harvard had lots of Nobel prize winners and is one of the most prestigious universities in the world. Basil was in the USA in 1963 when President John F Kennedy was shot in Dallas by Lee Harvey Oswald. The contrast between Harvard and UWA at that time was huge. UWA is very different now and has a large research focus and an emphasis on seeking knowledge. 24:11 When Basil was a student at UWA, he played sport and drank beer. They had social functions such as a Friday social where he met young women. St George’s College was very comfortable. The Warden was Josh Reynolds. Basil was on its Council for a couple of years. There were formal dinners in the evening. The Warden would say a formal grace before dinner. Lectures started at 9am. Students wore gowns to the evening meals but not to lectures like the Law students. 27:19 There was a library in the Geology Department so Basil did not use the university library that much. St George’s College library was quite widely used. The Zoologists had their own library and so did Mathematics and Physics. The department was training the students to go and work in the gold industry. By the time Basil reached Honours level, the oil industry had just been established in WA and attitudes changed. Geology in America was very much about exploring for oil 32:25 Basil worked for the National Coal Board in Sheffield, England from about 1949 to 1952 after he left St George’s College. He got married in England. They looked at the composition of the coals. Australian coals are different and contain more water. After the Coal Board, Basil worked for the CSIRO in Sydney studying oil exploration for about 3 years. 37:39 He returned to Perth in about 1957 to teach in the Geology Department at UWA. He believes that he was approached by the university. Basil recalls that Professor Eric Underwood in the Agriculture Department had a substantial research reputation. Harry Waring added to this emphasis when he arrived at UWA in 1948. Basil was asked to teach basic geology to classes of agriculture and engineering students. One of his students gained a considerable reputation in the field of spores and pollen research. Rex Prider didn’t do a great deal of supervision as not many students were that interested in mineralogy. He didn’t feel it was a very exciting department. The syllabus had not developed very much but Basil developed his own subjects based on his research interests. Professor Clark was the original professor before Prider. Basil’s teaching methods were different and he spent time with individual students in their Honours years. 42:39 Basil took field trips but not for Honours students. The Department did not approve of this. They felt that field work was an essential aspect of Geology. Field Geology and field mapping has gone out of fashion now and has been supplemented by Geophysics and surveys. There are not many exposures of rocks around Perth so the nearest field trips would be Collie or Irwin River. Staff would stake the students in their own cars or they would hire buses. They had to bring their own food and tents. 46:50 When Basil returned to UWA in 1946 there were staff shortages. Most of the younger men had gone away to WWII leaving behind the “God” professors. When he went back to teach in the late 1950s the teaching method had not changed dramatically. Job opportunities for geologists were few and included working for the survey, CSIRO or university teaching. Returning from America he still found that there was still little emphasis on research. 51:28 The Festival of Perth would have been operating from UWA campus. UWA was always very active in drama. Basil appeared in several of their plays. He was on the Senate and was Chairman of the Scholarships Committee. 54:50 Basil could have ended up as a farmer but UWA introduced him to areas of great interest and provided him with job opportunities and income. 56:09 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b328e9fbd63c58d610649708bafa8bde.mp3">Balme, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/228e3d21c6ee710494e5b8a866e6a4dc.mp3">Balme, Interview 1, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Basil Balme interview, 15 October 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Geology Description An account of the resource Basil Balme was an undergraduate at UWA at the beginning of the 1940s, but like many he enlisted for military service around 1942 after second year and served in the Australian Navy, returning to finish his degree in 1946 and graduating in 1948. In 1947 he was awarded the Edward Sydney Simpson Prize as well as the Lady James Prize in Natural Science (both jointly with John Glover). He returned to teach at UWA around 1957, eventually becoming Acting Head of Department (for Professor Harris), and Head of Department in 1984, before his own retirement. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Balme, Basil Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Bernard Catchpole Location The location of the interview Perth, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 59 minutes, 3 seconds Interview 2: 53 minutes, 52 seconds Interview 3: 57 minutes, 7 seconds Total: 2 hours, 50 minutes, 2 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 Background information – Bernard Catchpole. London and Manchester schooling and graduate of the University of Manchester 1945. Origins of interest of medicine. Interest in Dentistry. University experiences and enjoying education. Scholarship. Lord Kitchener National Memorial Scholarship. 00:07:00 Scholarship for Oxford. Graduation. Students pooling money for prizes. Interest in rowing. Jobs in Manchester Royal Infirmary. House officer and registrar. 00:11:33 Memories of National Service after failing to get a job. Munster Hospital Germany. Medical company in the Ruhr. Russians close the roads to Berlin. Memories of the Berlin Air Lift. 00:16:39 Posted to the Hook of Holland. Reading surgery. Anatomy and Physiology. Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons and study. British Health Service. 00:22:00 Allan Boyd offers surgery tutorship. Medical students have to live in Lister House. AH Holmes. Working and studying in Manchester. Specialist interest and examination. 00:26:35 Previous appointments in Manchester. Penicillin introduction in the civilian population. First academic paper in the Lancet 1950. Physiological study. Integration with Jepson commonwealth fellowship. 00:31:42 Memories of work in Cleveland Ohio, Canada and Boston. Barbados and Trinidad. Helped by Jepson. 00:35:05 Memories of coming to Australia. Foundation chair of University of Adelaide. AW Kay from Glasgow. Queen Elizabeth Hospital Adelaide. Norrie Robson and Bob Whelan. Memories of and comparisons Adelaide. Surgical desert. 00:41:55 Hospital consultants interview. Assistant Director of Prof Surgical Unit Barts [Bartholomew’s]. Wanting to run own surgical show. Professor Lewis in 1958. Vacancy at UWA. Memories of Perth 1960. 00:47:00 Adelaide and Perth and excitement of potential. Recollections of UWA. Family quarantined. Met Jim Crawley. Ralph Kensal. Memories of Royal Perth. Accommodation. Impression of the University. A small organisation. 00:52:00 Family of knowledge. A privilege to join. Tendency to focus on selves in the hospitals and not the university. Gods of the hospital and the staff at the university. Affiliated with the hospital. Relatively new department. 00:55:40 Part of the second push. Changes seen to the department personnel. Royal Perth and being thrown in the deep end. Start something going. Interview 2 00:00:00 Making comparisons with surgical unit in RPH to Adelaide. Descriptions of the system in Royal Perth Hospital in the 1960s. Foreign experiences. Endorsing changes to the system. Developing Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth. 00:04:00 Put on committees. No association with staff and medical departments. Con Michael’s group. Units were semi autonomous. Looking back at merging meetings with other colleagues. No common room on campus today to meet colleagues. 00:08:15 Community and sense of communal learning. Impressions made. Prescott and group of people. No infrastructure and interplay with the young people. Graham Barrett was a tutor. Developing feeling of community. Seeing other university common rooms. University house in the city. Concerned with gathering patients. 00:12:05 Each year’s examiners dinner. Bob Whelan’s discussions on interaction. Developing social gatherings in the Gairdner. Trying to liaise with staff and public. 00:15:05 Impressions of the battles for support for funding. No technical staff. Use of the animal house at RPH. Getting underway with open heart surgery. Good material needed. Recollections of situation with surgery in Perth. Funds for a tutor. Student numbers were rising. 00:20:10 Spreading with the growth of students. Beginning of the 1970s and the Mount Hospital. Competition between private and teaching hospitals. Teaching units in St John of God. Setting up private patients teaching unit. Too expensive to make changes to the system. 00:24:00 Surgeons and expansion. Bedbrook. Senior lecturer in orthopaedics. Support largely comes from hospitals. No senior lecturer in Paediatrics. Ophthalmologist McAuliffe. Luring staff to Perth – Ian Constable. The Lions Institute. Funding for people. 00:28:40 No research funds or research capabilities. Facilities increase in the 1970s. Budding hospital and university department in the Gairdner. Geoffrey Bolton. History of surgery. Memories of the Medical Library. 00:33:40 Floaters in the Gairdner. Improving on the rigidity of the system. Students were roamers around the hospital. Making the most of different approaches of surgeons. Benefits of the initiative and broadening the scope of the individual. Picking a winner with Ian Constable. 00:37:20 Benefits of tutors. Eric Tan. Graham Barrett. Eric Tan Tutor to Chancellor. Eric Tan organises international interaction. Interactions with China. Jean Scott worked the system to fruition. 00:43:00 Videoing examination and operation. Tape slides of examination. Good deal of audio visual teaching. Invited to Beijing. 00:46:45 Keeping abreast of developments elsewhere. Keeping heads up with Singapore and China. Accolade from UK. The seeds of the university success. Fiona Stanley and Neville Stanley. Barry Marshall. 00:50:30 Facility for the students. Comparisons of the German student experiences. The girls in a boiler suits or skirts. Theatre sisters prerogative. 00:53:30 Interview 3 00:00:00 Isolation of UWA. Members of departments do not mix. Interactions and the University House and the new club. Development of the Gairdner Hospital. Wrangling within departments and university. State services guarding. 00:07:20 John Holt and the Tronado machine. Major contribution to curing cancer. John Tonkin is interested. Heating for the curing of cancer. 00:10:20 University keeps abreast of things and technology. Gordon Lennon and the internationalisation of UWA. Growth in size and number. International player at number 96. First Nobel Laureate. Memories of the Busselton Study. 00:16:06 On call system for heart disease. Committee at RPH. The hospital was on fire. Neville Stanley fights off television crews. Memories of the Meckering earth quake. Medical advisory committee. Lack of paediatric experience. 00:20:24 University and the community. Contribution to the growth of the whole community. 1958 and Joel Griffiths raising funds for the Medical Department. Raising the levels of training for medical students. Support from the academic board. Salary and research. Public health and the Royal Perth Hospital. Academic Board makes no provision for support. 00:26:20 Interest in the school and fighting own battles. No support from the university. Arguing for funds. 0n the board of the hospital and finding resources. Sent to the eastern states to investigate good and bad points. X-ray and various developments. On the committees of the board of Fremantle Hospital. The board makes decisions on unknown agendas. Interactions developed. 00:34:00 Beijing and UWA interact. Barbecue by the Swan River. Support for Beijing surgeon in the department. 00:37:00 Robson and Whelan. Isolation of the University and the business community. Social moves and dinners. Changes when Gordon Lennon leaves. No close relationships. Faculty run by heads of departments. Conflict and a long term plan. Concerns on leaving the faculty. Dangers of X-ray 2003. Oxford papers and diagnostic X-rays. Information for GPs and X– rays. CAT Scans. Assessing diagnostic X-ray. 00:48:00 Most proud of research and the publication of papers. Making significant contributions. Memories of study on the Motility of the Gut. Peripheral Embolism. Unblocking arteries. Intestinal Colic. 00:54:22 What was happening in Intestinal Colic. Looking at UWA today and looking back at the changes and looking forward. Final words. Proud of personal role. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0ec1cfb46aa9ab8bbf5d7df435202269.mp3">Catchpole, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5500f87ad41c63841bd2edd9b410d2af.mp3">Catchpole, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/47a204844e218ccab59b09542a4ff849.mp3">Catchpole, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bernard Catchpole interview, 9 November 2012, 16 November 2012 and 23 November 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Medicine Description An account of the resource This is an interview with Emeritus Professor Bernard Catchpole. Born in London, he grew up and was educated in Manchester graduating in 1945. He discusses his upbringing and his developing interest in a career in medicine. He talks of the journey he took to Western Australia where he would become the second Professor of Surgery in the Department of Medicine at The University of Western Australia in 1966. Comparing the University of Western Australia in the 1960s to other universities that he had experienced, Bernard gives a good indication of the fledgling department of Medicine he entered on his arrival. He looks at the initiatives that he implemented and changes he helped to instill, to build the School of Medicine into a world leading department in a university rated number 96 in world rankings. He regards the internationalisation of the university as one of the primary growth areas of importance and reflects on the developing connections with China that he helped to instigate. He recalls setting up a tutor system and implementing changes to the method of teaching university students at the teaching Hospitals of Royal Perth and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital. He reflects on the level of support that he saw on his arrival, citing the lack of facilities and funding available for research at the University. He recollects the isolation of the university as a whole in an academic context, and discusses the lack of interaction between departments that he experienced. He talks of a number of primary areas of research in which he was involved including his memories of the Busselton Study. He also looks at some personal areas of research and contributions to medicine in the areas of Gut Motility, Peripheral Embolism and intestinal Colic. He looks at the University of Western Australia today and how it compares to other universities on a world scale. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Catchpole, Bernard Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Beverley Noakes Location The location of the interview Nedlands. W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 54 minutes, 39 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 18 minutes, 14 seconds Total: 2 hours, 12 minutes, 53 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1: Wednesday 30 January 2013 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:27 Track 2 00:00 Beverley Neave Noakes (nee Evans). Previously married to David Ormerod. Born in Jamaica in 1937. Parents did not do higher education. No free secondary education. Father would have loved to have gone to university and encouraged his children to read and discuss things at home. 01:28 The other big influence on her life was her father’s older sister, Hazel who had been to France to study and was taught French at High School in Jamaica. French was Beverley’s favourite subject at school although she also learned Spanish. 01:46 Won the Jamaica girls’ scholarship to study at a university in the UK. Her uncle told her she had to overcome being Jamaican and female and therefore should go to Oxford or Cambridge. Worked for a year between school and university as a secretary at the University of the West Indies. A couple of the people there had been educated at Oxford and were not very pleasant, so she went to Newnham College Cambridge in 1956 (to 1959). Did an honours degree in modern languages (French and Spanish). Then got a scholarship to do a PhD in French and spent two years in Cambridge and one in Paris. 03:30 Taught at the University of the West Indies for 8 years (1962-1970). A lively, young university. Once a college of London University but then became independent and they could put new subject in the syllabus such as Caribbean courses. Beverley started new courses in French in both Caribbean and African literature in 1968. 04:30 Good years – young, independent, earning a good salary and had lots of friends. Very good students from all over the Caribbean. Able to meet people from the other islands. 04:58 Jamaica, Trinidad and Barbados are the main English speaking islands. There was a campus on each of those islands but the chief campus was on Jamaica. Cuba and Haiti were north of Jamaica. In the 1960s nobody could go to Cuba due to US foreign policy which meant that it you went to Cuba, your passport would be confiscated when you arrived back in Jamaica. US government very influential politically and economically. 06:06 Beverley went to Haiti when she was preparing the course in Caribbean literature. It was the period that Papa Doc was President. Had to run the gauntlet of the paramilitary police (Tonton Macoute ) on the way to the library. 07:05 Beverley also visited Martinique and Guadeloupe which were islands under French control. Air France would fly in fruit and vegetables twice weekly. Ambivalent attitude towards the French at this time among the intellectuals. People very friendly and the houses in the countryside were similar to those in Jamaica. 08:49 Left in 1970 because her husband David Ormerod an English lecturer had obtained a job at UWA. 09:13 They came by boat. It took 6 weeks as they had to come via England. Came on the Oriana, a P&O liner. Very well regarded as academics. Their big achievement on the trip was wining one of the Quiz nights. 10:51 Arrived in Fremantle and were met at the docks by both Professor Alan Edwards of the English Department (David’s boss) and Professor Jim Lawler (Beverley’s boss). Beverley was coming as a temporary lecturer at that stage. 11:52 Alan Edwards drove them to them to their temporary accommodation which was in a flat opposite Steve’s Hotel. Beverley was concerned that there were no locks on the bedroom door and that they would suffer a violent home invasion from the patrons of the hotel! 12:49 The couple were warmly welcomed during their first two weeks. The Edwards took them to a Peter Shaffer black comedy at the Octagon Theatre on their first night. Beverley discovered day temperatures in May were very different to night temperatures. On their second night, Miss Randall took Beverley to the Alliance Française. Miss Randall was the President and booked Beverley to give a talk. On the second day the French Department held a welcome lunch. 13:52 The lunch was held at the old University House (located near the Music Department) where she met all the staff. Every Thursday the French Department held a lunch here where everybody had to speak French. This had been going for some years and was instigated by Jim Lawler (whose wife Christiane was French). This lasted until the Lawlers left Perth at the end of 1972. 14:45 After 3 months Professor Lawler arranged with the university for Beverley to be given a tenureship which made her feel very secured and welcomed. 15:06 Track 3 00:00 Dr Leon Tauman had been head of the French Department before Jim Lawler arrived to take up the first Chair. A very vague man. Story that he had forgotten to buy a ring when he got married. 00:58 Jean Randall was there with him and apparently ran the department. Taught here during WW2 and was involved in trying to help the French during the war giving charity and aid. Jean was passionate about the Alliance Française and was President for many, many years. Miss Randall involved UWA people with the Alliance activities. It rented rooms in the Nedlands Teachers College and organised lectures. Jim Lawler lectured on modern French poetry. Lisette Nigot also spoke. Bruce Pratt and Grahame Jones were senior lecturers who also contributed. Beverley gave two lectures in her first year – one was on Jamaica and the other on Caribbean music. It didn’t matter was the subject was as long as the lecture was in French. 03:45 Students, especially Honours students, also became involved in the activities. Today it has its own premises at 75 Broadway, Nedlands. The activities are now more social. 04:00 Academic lectures are no longer given. In the 1980s and 1990s there were academic lectures jointly sponsored by the Alliance and UWA (also occasionally Edith Cowan). Collaboration with the Alliance has been an important part of the French Department and there has often been a UWA staff member on the Alliance committee. Beverley was a committee member at one time and Lisette was on the committee for many years and became President. She also ran the Alliance exams which are given to schools. 04:51 Miss Randall had retired but was filling in when somebody was on study leave. She would turn students away for arriving barefoot at the language lab. 05:35 When Beverley arrived Jim Lawler was running the department. His wife Christiane was a tutor and gave lectures on French civilisation. The Lawlers felt that it was important for students to have a feel for French buildings, French music, politics and way of life to accompany the literature courses. In the early days they had more teaching hours per week. As part of Beverley’s 17th century literature course, she used slides, records and the students were treated to an annual lecture by Prof David Tunley (Music Department) on the French chanson, accompanied with a rendition on the piano. 07:36 After the Lawlers left, they had to cut down their teaching hours and this had to be incorporated into the literature lectures rather than being taught as a separate subject. 08:10 There were two language classes a week plus a language lab session and a conservation class. It would be 3 hours of language work a week. Later they had to cut this down. Similarly the literature element of the course was once 3 hours a week (literature lecture, civilization lecture and tutorial). 09:02 By the end of the 1970s there was no civilization course and students had only 2 French language classes plus a session in the language lab. This later became the multi media lab. The lab session and the conversation class were cut down to half an hour. Difficult to teach a language without regular input from the teacher and regular output from the student. 10:00 This is a problem pertinent to language department. Other departments in the Arts faculty did not have this issue. Getting the requisite number of hours required to teach a language has always been a vexed issue between the department and the faculty. 10:46 The beginners’ course was a pure language course taught by Noelene Bloomfield. Beverley also gave tutorials for this course. The course was very well planned and structured. Noelene knew and Beverley also felt that the students needed to be encouraged and never put down. People running the course had to have a lot of empathy for the students. This course comprised 3 hours a week of classes plus language lab and conversation. This course had been very successful in terms of enrolments for French and is a very popular course. The aim was to try to encourage students to keep it up. Unfortunately some very good students who were music and medicine majors dropped French after completing the beginners’ course. 13:58 In the late 1970s, Noelene devised a second year course that followed on from the beginners’ course and provided a bridge between that course and third year. It was very intensive and introduced the students to literature. If they achieved an A or B+, they were accepted into the third year course. 14:45 Some students had not studied French at High School. French was not compulsory in schools. It was taught intensively in schools to those who did study French. These students were very well prepared to enter the first year course (French 100) as they could read, write and appreciate French literature. This changed as time went on and the schools change to what was called a ‘communicative’ approach. The emphasis here was on communication rather than spelling or grammar. 16:06 This changed the calibre of the students that came into the French department and became noticeable in the 1980s. 16:22 Track 4 00:00 The French Department was in the south eastern corner of the Arts Building. The big room at the corner was Jim Lawler’s office and next to him was the secretary. Beverley had a room with a lovely view of gum trees and the Matilda Bay foreshore. She loved the room so much that she refused to leave it, even when she became head of department. 01:00 At first there was a lot of space but then as money became tighter, space also became an issue. 01:35 Danielle Morris was the secretary from the mid-1970s and she is still here. Initially she had a half time person to help her. Money did not seem to be an issue. When Beverley was teaching the text Hiroshima Mon Amour in first year she was able to hire the film and show it on campus. This was not possible in Jamaica. 02:20 There was enough money to cover extras. Her room was larger than in Jamaica and had a fan. It was an idyllic setting. 02:46 Many of the French department staff were women. Tea room incident when the Professor of Classics commented they looked like the Domestic Science Department. Many women working at UWA in that time often had lower grade jobs and the senior positions were often occupied by men. Classics had no women on the staff. In the 1990s there was a big push for gender equality. Those women working in high positions were expected to be on committee to even up the balance. Beverley had never felt disadvantaged due to her background or gender. She believes that things began to change when UWA got their first female Vice Chancellor, Faye Gale in 1990. 07:12 When Beverley came to UWA, the French Department had 9 staff: Professor Lawler, Bruce Pratt & Grahame Jones (senior lecturers), Lisette Nigot from France, Andrew Hunwick and Beverley were lecturers. Noeline Bloomfield and Unity Beswick were both senior tutors. They had 1.5 support staff. Before Danielle Morris the secretary was called Anthea. 08:03 In those days the support staff did everything. Budget, timetable, liaison with administration and the students. Later on, the timetable was taken over centrally. After Beverley retired in 2002, the budget was taken over by a Faculty Manager. She also did the typing as the academic staff did not have computers. Beverley did some typing and photocopying of her lecture handouts. 09:25 The first lectures were held in the Murdoch lecture theatre. The lecture theatre had very steep steps which was a hazard in the days of short skirts. Most of the other lectures were held in the Arts lecture rooms. French was usually in Arts lecture room 4 or 5. Third year classes were also held in Arts lecturer room 6. The first year lectures were repeated at 5pm in the evening for the part time students. Repeats for 2nd and 3rd year were not possible so one of the courses would take place after 4pm. Lectures were not taped until the late 1990s. Most people did not use the microphone in the Murdoch lecture theatre as they preferred to come out in front of the lectern and speak to the students. 12:16 The lectures covered medieval literature as well as 19th and 20th century plus the Caribbean and African courses. These were a trial for the 3rd year students but then became part of the programme. In the early period, there was flexibility to put on new courses. They had more money and more staff and were trusted to be able to run their department. Later on, Faculty approval was required. There was plenty of choice because they could afford to put on a lot of hours of teaching. 14:18 Staff members would lecture on their special area but other people could take the tutorials in the first and second year due to the large numbers. Everyone took a turn to teach the language classes. 15:40 The staff all worked as a team and got on together very well. There was a lot of good will and good humour in the department. The students appreciated the happy atmosphere. 16:43 There were a lot of post graduate students. They also had many matured aged undergraduates as in those days it was free to study at UWA. The older students (some up to 60 years old or more) helped to motivate the younger ones. 17:44 The post graduate students became very important as the department got credits for them. Professor Dennis Boak who became a professor in about 1976 instituted a weekly postgraduate seminar and built up the school and encouraged research. Beverley supervised post graduate students in Caribbean, African and Renaissance literature. 18:38 Jean-Marie Volet was a mature aged student from Switzerland who did a degree in French and did an honours thesis and then a PhD on French African writing. He was then successful in obtaining a post-doctoral scholarship for 5 years at UWA. He set up an online journal Mot Pluriels. He has retired from this now but still has a website on African women writers written in French. 19:58 The post graduate school and the post graduate seminar were very successful for the department. 20:05 In the early days, the idea was attract first year students and every afternoon there was a school afternoon and Year 12 students attended the Octagon Theatre. Every year Lisette Nigot did a skit on the oral examination which the school students really enjoyed. The intake from high schools was very high at one stage. Even those who didn’t attend at UWA would take the oral exam prepared by the French Department for high schools. This was a very successful outreach programme. 21:55 By the late 1970s early 1980s it was more important to attract postgraduate students as the intake from high school fell due to circumstances outside their control. 22:15 The 1970s were a decade when there was big change from having plenty of money, students, leisure and enthusiasm to when things got tighter for teaching hours and money. Post graduate enrolments became more important as they were weighted in the eyes of the University. The department became more business-like and less relaxed. It was a different approach. 23:11 Track 5 00:00 Conclusion 00:08 Interview 2: Tuesday 5 February 2013 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:40 Track 2 00:00 Assessment was 100% by examination when Beverley first arrived. Gradually assessment started to include course work. Risk of plagiarism and help with language classes. Exams ensured that the work was done by the student and the student only. 02:10 The mathematical calculations were checked by Danielle Morris. 02:23 In the late 80s there was a move to student assessment of staff. This was initiated by the Student Guild who surveyed the teaching staff. It was then decided to rank the teaching staff by these results. The Head of Department was contacted for their opinion. Then a group of the finalists were asked to write a piece on teaching. 03:37 This was done in 1988 and the staff did not realise what the reasoning behind it was. Beverley got a letter to say that she was a finalist for the Distinguished Teaching Award and dutifully wrote her piece. 04:25 Later on, she was told that she was one of 6 people who received the Distinguished Teaching Award. Over 80 staff had been surveyed so she was delighted to be honoured in this way. 04:54 There was some ill feeling that the teaching staff had not been able to prepare for the award. 05:41 Track 3 00:00 Courses had to be adapted from 3 terms of about 9 weeks to 2 semesters of 14 weeks. This did not affect the language course but it did change the literature course where 3 texts had been studied (Caribbean literature, African literature and Canadian literature). The Canadian literature was dropped and the other texts studied more thoroughly. This coincided with a need for students to be brought up to speed due to the communicative approach taught in schools. 02:53 Policy in the French department of literature and texts being discussed in French. 03:15 Adaption to changes that happened over time at UWA. 03:31 At this time, the French Department began to experiment with bringing in different texts into language classes and bringing in communication and media work. The language lab was converted into a multi media lab in the 1990s. Before that, there was a co-existence between the language lab and the multi media lab as materials (especially language material) were transferred from the old system to the new system. 04:23 Semesterisation also affected staff study leave. Previously staff had missed the first or the last term and tacked it onto summer term to make up 6 months. Some staff saved up their leave and had a whole year off after 6 years. If they took 6 months study leave it meant that they missed part of a semester. Alternatively, some took 4 months in the middle of the year instead of the 6 months they were entitled to. 05:12 In 1980, Beverley took off 4 months in the middle of the year and went to the French Caribbean. This interested her both in terms of its sociology and literature. 05:28 In Beverley’s first study leave she went to Europe as she was working on Renaissance literature. Afterwards she always went to the Caribbean. 05:37 In 1980, she went to London to have talks with Heinemann who were to publish her book on French Caribbean literature. 06:08 Study leave is a great asset. It is a privilege but allows staff to make contacts for their research and reinvigorates their teaching practices. 06:44 Visiting professors sometimes came after contact with someone on study leave or by them supervising some work. 07:05 An English colleague who also wrote on the French Caribbean came to UWA as part of a scheme that the Faculty had in the 1990s where a visiting professor was invited to come for 2 weeks and give lectures. 07:40 Professor Jaques Robichez had supervised Graham Lord in Paris and he came to UWA in 1983. 07:52 Visiting professors (from France, Europe and other countries) required a concerted effort by the UWA staff in making them feel at home. They had to be taken out and entertained. One French professor wanted to buy a pink shirt and Lisette Nigot spent a whole morning trying to find one in the Perth shops. Another visitor could not speak English at all and had a miserable time. 08:59 When Beverley was Head of Department in the 1990s, she found the visitors a bit of a trial as they had to be met at the airport and helped with their luggage. A roster of staff had to be devised so that they were always being looked after and then they had to be entertained socially as well. 09:45 Beverley’s PhD was on the poet Théophile de Viau. Beverley taught Renaissance literature for many years at UWA but the course was abandoned in the 1990s due to lack of staff and money. 10:37 In the 1980s, the Faculty of Arts offered an M Phil in Renaissance Studies by course work. Beverley taught a course on French Renaissance writers. The English, History and Italian Departments also took part. The course was taught to graduates who were doing the course part time. They were all tired but very interested in the course. Lack of staff and heavier teaching loads for remaining staff put an end to this, especially as staff did not get paid for this teaching. 12:00 Beverley already had contacts with the other departments through her interest in the Renaissance. She already knew people in that area in the English Department due to her husband, David Ormerod, working there. 12:37 Trish Crawford’s office was on the top floor among the language departments. Her area of expertise was the Early Modern Period. 13:06 Trish was the first person who wrote to Beverley on hearing the news that Beverley’s sister had been sentenced to death in 1986 expressing her sorrow and asking how she could help. 13:36 The Arts Faculty was a very friendly building in those days and everybody knew everyone else. 13:49 There was no theatre course in the French Department but the staff put on a play every year. When Beverley arrived in 1970 the French Department put on skits for the students. Lisette Nigot was the leading light. Bruce Pratt was also a very good actor. Brian Willis, the Head of the Language Lab, also took part. The performances were held in the old Dolphin Theatre which was situated where the Law Faculty is now. This event was the highlight of the year. 14:44 In about 1972, the French Department did a skit on the campus Post Mistress. Later on, the students took over producing French plays with the help of a member of staff that were open to the public. Mauritian students asked to take part, even if they weren’t studying in the French Department. This enabled students to try their hand at drama and also showcased the French Department to the general public. 16:23 Some of the productions were traditional 17th century French plays. More often they did 19th century farces or modern plays such as those by Eugène Ionesco. There were a variety of productions depending on the tastes of the students and the staff member helping with the production. 17:00 The rehearsal had to be done in the student’s free time. Sometimes this was used as an excuse for not getting an essay in on time! 17:24 Track 4 00:00 Beverley’s sister (Phyllis Coard) was a government minister in the People’s Revolutionary Government in Grenada from 1979 to 1983. Her husband was the deputy Prime Minister. There is a report on the Amnesty International website which has a report on the events leading up the trial called The Grenada 17: Last of the cold war prisoners? 01:00 In 1983 the revolutionary government broke down and the US took the opportunity to invade as they were unhappy about there being another Left Wing Government in their region. All the well-known Marxists were arrested. In about 1984, they were charged with conspiracy to murder. They were tried in 1986 and 14 of the 17 were sentenced to death and 3 to life imprisonment (with no prospect of release). 02:30 Beverley was asked to speak to Amnesty in Perth about the trial. They then contacted the student Amnesty group and Beverley also addressed this group (that she did not know existed). 03:03 Some of Beverley’s students were members of this group and they asked to help and wrote letters to Grenada in the late 1980s. 03:27 They prisoners appealed but in 1991 the sentences were confirmed. Bernard Coard (Beverley’s brother in law) had been deputy Prime Minister and was one of the first who would be hanged. 04:00 By this time Beverley had lots of contacts in Australia through working to help release the Grenada 17. Through the auspices of Dr Judyth Watson, a Minister in Carmen Lawrence’s government she was able to reach Foreign Affairs in Canberra. 04:26 An agonising month where things were suspended in Grenada but Beverley was supported by many of her students and colleagues and the department secretary, Danielle Morris and the secretary from German and then Classics, Margrit Warmsley. The secretaries organised petitions and faxed them to Grenada. The students would come to see hear and ask what news there was. 05:18 Due to the international protest in England, America and Canada as well as Australia (much to the surprise of the government of Grenada) they commuted the sentences to life imprisonment. 05:48 This surge of energy culminated with their lives being saved, much to the delight of the students and Beverley’s colleagues – particularly Patricia Crawford, Rosemary Lancaster and Noeline Bloomfield. 06:08 Unfortunately life in prison meant exactly that and they had to write more letters about this. 06:22 From about 1983 to the mid-1990s was a terrible period but one where Beverley received a lot of warmth and support from people at UWA. 06:55 Track 5 00:00 When Beverley came to UWA in 1970 the Professor of a department was also Head of Department for the whole term of his professorship. This changed and it was arranged that the term for a head of department would be 3 or 6 years. At the end of Professor Boak’s 6 year term, the Associate Professor, Bruce Pratt, became head of the French Department. The two men exchanged the role back and forth for quite a while. 00:50 In 1983-1984 Bruce asked Beverley to act as Head of Department while he was away on study leave. However, Acting Head is not the same as being Head. 01:07 In 1994, Bruce was ill with cancer and asked Beverley to be Acting Head again. He died a month later. The Dean of the Faculty of Arts, John Jory, consulted the Department as to who should be the next Head of Department and they chose Beverley. 01:30 Beverley became Head of Department in 1994 but the following year, the three language departments, French, Italian and German became the School of Modern Languages. Professor John Tonkin from History was put in as Head of Department. The previous heads of the language departments became convenors. The Convenors did the same job as a Head of Department but without the money as the money from the three language departments was combined into the one kitty. 02:30 This was unfortunately as the French Department had more students and more money. When they lost a member of staff for any reason, they did not get that person replaced as the other departments were overstaffed. In 1970 there was 9 staff. In 2002 there were 5 staff and two of these took early retirement when Beverley retired aged 65. This left 2 staff. 03:39 There was a long delay before these jobs were advertised leaving 2 staff and some part-time staff to run the French Department. Finally only 2 of the 3 jobs were advertised. Effectively, when Beverley left there were 4 members of staff instead of 9. 04:00 This has had a detrimental effect on the French courses which stems back to 1995 when the School of Modern Languages was created. There was a show of consultation about this, but in effect, the decision had been made. 05:00 The Convenor lost control of the money but also the ability to make decisions about things like staffing. You had to make a case for everything you wanted which was exhausting and took time. 05:30 During the 1990s Noelene Bloomfield had set up a course in the Graduate Certificate (1 year course) and Diploma (2 years) of Modern Languages. In 1993, she had started a course for high school teachers giving them a certificate to enable them to gain skills and perhaps promotion. The Department lobbed for them to be given an official UWA certificate. The courses were very successful and ran for 5 years and earned the French Department in the region of $400,000. However, they had to pay the University for the privilege of using their letterhead and logo on the certificates. They also had to pay a percentage to the Arts Faculty that had contributed nothing. 07:35 Financial problems caused a souring of some relationships within the Faculty and between the Faculty and the Administration. 08:05 They were told they had to earn money for the department. They were also under pressure to get research grants. The ARC grant was particularly coveted and encouraged but takes a very long time to prepare. 08:48 Jean-Marie Volet who had done a postgraduate degree in African literature in French suggested they apply for a joint grant and they co-operated on writing this and were successful in getting an Arts Faculty grant two years running. Then at his instigation, they put in for an ARC proposal and were successful. The following year it was renewed. Beverley would never have applied for a grant without his friendship and support. 10:16 People felt under pressure to do this and if you wanted promotion you had to prove yourself academically. Later this changed, and you could be considered in light of your teaching and/or research. When Beverley was promoted to Senior Lecturer and then Associate Professor (1986) it was due to her research; for winning the teaching award and due to the publication of her book on Caribbean literature in 1985. 11:17 The Department got points for postgraduate students and the awards that you won. There was also a system that judged what you had published over the year. These had to be in approved journals. They did not seem to understand the difference between a science article and an arts article. You didn’t get credit for editing a book – only if you had published an article in that book. 12:28 These things made people feel unappreciated. People who teach in the arts subjects always feel undervalued in comparison to science or medicine. The arts seem to be more susceptible to cut backs. 13:40 The Administration people were sympathetic to Beverley and she was not made to feel second rate but there is this feeling in the ether. 14:25 Another new initiative was the study tours devised by Rosemary Lancaster. These were very carefully planned with a number of activities. 14:59 Track 6 00:00 The Graduate Certificate and Graduate Diploma courses that began in the 1990s terminated in a study tour for the graduate high school teachers. Rosemary Lancaster devised the course. They did an intensive cultural and language programme in Paris with Rosemary. Then they stayed with a family in Provence. This were organised through a link that the Department had found with a lady in Provence. They were away for 3 weeks. This began in 1997 with 15-20 teachers and ran for 5 years. Later on, Hélène Jaccomard (who is now Convenor of French) took this over. 03:16 A similar tour was started with Rosemary in 1996 with about 12 UWA students from the French Department. Later on, Hélène took this over as well. The teachers were financed by the Education Department to do the French Abroad in-country study tour whereas the students had to fund themselves. Eventually the numbers dwindled and the tours stopped. 04:03 Track 7 00:00 Another form of student exchange was started between UWA and the University of Reunion in the 1990s. 00:32 Four came from Reunion Island and four students from UWA went there. The planes came in at midnight. The students would have to be greeted at the airport and taken to their accommodation. They had to use 2 cars for the luggage. The first time Beverley went to the airport with Danielle. This caused quite a ruckus in the middle of the night as they settled into their colleges! 01:44 The students had to be on the Erasmus programme. More students from Reunion wanted to come to Perth than students from Perth wanting to visit Reunion. Also the exchange had to be with the Faculty of Arts only. 03:16 The students from Reunion were great fun and from different racial backgrounds. It was nice to see a bunch of international youngsters walking down Hay Street as in those days Perth was not so multicultural. 04:20 Track 8 00:00 Staff development was launched in the late 1980s or 1990s. It was set up to help academics teach. As a result of the teaching award in 1988, Beverley was asked to help make an interactive CD-ROM that came out in 1995. It was entitled “Teaching in Large Lectures” and was produced by the Graduate School of Education. It also dealt with how to run a tutorial. 01:40 When Beverley saw the student reports she realised that students valued the attitudes of staff towards them. They didn’t seem to care so much about staff knowledge but were more aware of their interpersonal skills. 03:38 An offshoot of the CD-ROM was that Beverley ran a workshop on the student/teacher relationship and how to run tutorials at the Staff Development Centre for 26 UWA staff in 1991. At the end of the session somebody from the Law School said that there tutorials had 30 people in their tutorials and not 12-14 people! 04:59 Within a few years, the French Department also had about 20 students in a tutorial and this was not good for anybody. The ideal number of students for a tutorial is not more than 15 students. 05:34 Other people in the French Department also won a Distinguished Teaching Award - Zoë Boyer; Rosemary Lancaster and Noelene Bloomfield. 06:12 Rosemary Lancaster developed a cultural studies course in the 1990s. It was a first year course to bridge the gap between school and university and was designed to introduce them to French through media that they were familiar with. An example of an extract that she used was the book by Marcel Pagnol, La Gloire de mon père. 08:00 Rosemary bought the film and showed the students extracts from it which showed what life was like. She also used other technology such as music, magazines, videos and comics to involve the students interactively. Beverley tutored on this course. The students enjoyed the course very much. They were gradually led to read a short novel in French. This course was still running in 2002. 10:16 Susan Broomhall was a postgraduate student in the French Department and also used paintings to illustrate her research. 10:50 When the French Civilisation course was no longer taught, Beverley began incorporating bits of culture into her literature lectures including slides, especially for French Renaissance literature. 11:54 Rosemary used film to the same effect for her courses. 12:02 Before film the staff used slides. When Beverley tried to book out slides from the library, she found that an Arts Professor always had the slides booked out on 19th century art. 12:46 Track 9 00:00 Reflections on working at UWA. A lovely campus, nice colleagues, good students. Relationship with postgraduate students. One was in her 80s when she gained her PhD comparing the work of an Aboriginal writer with a French Caribbean writer. Many of the students were from different countries. 01:43 Very proud of graduates such as Sue Broomhall (Winthrop Professor, History); Bonnie Thomas (Associate Professor European Languages and Studies) and Mark Pegrum (Associate Professor, Graduate School of Education). All three were very interested in her sister’s plight and gave great support. 02:29 Other students she still meets in the city and is always pleased to see them and find out how they are doing. 02:46 Track 10 00:00 The relationship of the French Government with UWA. They organise assistante posts for 3rd and 4th year graduates in France with accommodation and a stipend. The French government operates a liaison with the departments and Beverley was asked to do a survey of those students living in France as the French government was anxious to see if the scheme was working well. 01:16 The French Government also sends a representative to all the annual meetings of Heads of Department in French across Australia. Their cultural attaché deals with all things cultural and pedagogical. He also liaises with high school as well. 01:46 The French Government also recognizes worthy academics working in French by decorating them. In 2005, Beverley was awarded the Chevalier des Palmes Academiques. Others in the Department have also won this award - Denis Boak, Bruce Pratt, Andrew Hunwick, Noelene Bloomfield and Rosemary Lancaster. UWA and Perth has many purple ribbons! 02:34 UWA has a good relationship with Adelaide University. During the time that Beverley was running the Department they had a reciprocal arrangement, examining each other’s Honours theses. 03:16 Beverley had close contacts with the University of New South Wales as they also had Francophone literature courses. In the 1980s she was asked to speak at two conferences on French Caribbean literature. She also collaborated with one of their staff, Dr Anne-Marie Nisbet, on a short book about a French Caribbean writer (published in 1982). 04:08 Since retiring from UWA, Beverley missed the human contact with the students and since 2003 has been working with CARAD helping refugees. She uses French to communicate with refugees from the Ivory Coast and from the Congo. It is personally very rewarding but also educational to learn about what happens in other countries such as Iran and Afghanistan. 07:43 In 2010, Beverley was asked to help Sumi Jo, the South Korean opera singer, in composing a speech in French for the next stop on her tour. 09:20 Track 11 00:00 01:37 Conclusion Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/ee76f29e14568959a90355166acc3581.mp3">Noakes, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/28bd30a4351c9e3c5e6eb63ae5fff909.mp3">Noakes, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/ae9e6993dbcdbdef0625809b19cf83cd.mp3">Noakes, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/41abb7cc76080cfd578b43ce06151331.mp3">Noakes, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/4c97d61240fda6f47d111978f9762b77.mp3">Noakes, Interview 1, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/56e0ca4b13231b1ec6a488729589ec2b.mp3">Noakes, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/565058f8380aee4cd559da0c5316ce41.mp3">Noakes, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c5d9ff3eb5b36d9f2af6cfa752de2e06.mp3">Noakes, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/363ef3bd3315fa6b4db0fc938d12bbc7.mp3">Noakes, Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/812e2284df6aa820d207e64a358e5fa6.mp3">Noakes, Interview 2, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/91485579b688f072e6af63eb22bde7d5.mp3">Noakes, Interview 2, Track 6</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/615c3bf814902687680057130be3a175.mp3">Noakes, Interview 2, Track 7</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/90fb1caa6a304793f26e866c0c682f43.mp3">Noakes, Interview 2, Track 8</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/143a0f849d3dc9bcbe271a48ec3945a1.mp3">Noakes, Interview 2, Track 9</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/9723181a367e1a19fca8f8a4db53a972.mp3">Noakes, Interview 2, Track 10</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/75e2a6bbad7393d5fce6d8bad8d8be54.mp3">Noakes, Interview 2, Track 11</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Beverley Noakes interview, 30 January and 5 February 2013 Subject The topic of the resource French language and literature Description An account of the resource This is an interview with Professor Beverley Noakes. Born in Kingston, Jamaica, she won a scholarship to Newnham College, Cambridge, and completed her PhD in Cambridge and France. She then taught at the University of the West Indies between 1962 and 1970. She came to the University of Western Australia in 1970, and taught in the French Department until 2002, specialising in Renaissance and Francophone literature and winning awards for her teaching. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Noakes, Beverley Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Bob Hetherington Location The location of the interview Highgate, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 44 minutes, 53 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Track 2 00:00 Robert Hetherington. Born 8 January 1923 at Mount Gambier in South Australia. 00:15 6 July 1951 married Penelope Loveday. They had twin boys and a girl. 00:29 1951 – graduated from the University of Adelaide with a Bachelor of Arts with 2nd class Honours degree in History and Political Science. 00:45 1951 – employed by the Commonwealth Public Service 00:51 1952 – research scholar at the University of Adelaide 00:56 1953-1956 – History master at Kings College, Kensington Park, South Australia. A Baptist Congregationalist School 01:26 1957-1966 – Tutor and senior tutor in Politics at the University of Adelaide. The Acting Head of the Politics Department was Leo Blair. His son Tony was 4 years old at the time. Met Leo at a party and he asked Bob if he would like to tutor in the Politics Department and he agreed. 02:10 The students were taught about John Locke, Mill (John Stuart) and the Westminster system of government. Bob brought these ideas with him when he came to WA. 03:04 May 1977 – Lecturer in Politics at UWA 03:14 The first professor of politics at UWA was Gordon Reid. He used to be sergeant at arms at Parliament House in Canberra. He was recruited by Professor Duncan, the professor of politics at Adelaide University as Reader in Politics. When the Professor of History and Politics at UWA resigned, he applied for the position and got it. 04:25 Bob Hetherington was employed as the first course controller for the politics course at UWA. He also taught Australian Politics and Democratic Thought. 05:07 Before this the History Department ran a second year course in political science taught by E D (Ted) Watt who came across to the Politics Department. He taught the second year course. 05:36 When Bob taught politics he would not reveal his own personal background and politics leanings until the second half of the year to prove to the students that he could be impartial. 06:31 Bob developed a whole lecture on the fact that the State makes you the way you are. When he finished the lecture, he told the students that if they believe that, they were fascists! 06:59 Communism was on the wane at this stage. It was more popular when Bob was a student. Bob regarded both the Catholic Church and the Communist party of exercising intellectual tyranny over their adherents. 07:37 When Bob was tutoring in South Australia it was not long after the Second World War and he had many middle aged students. He learnt a lot from them. He put forward an idea one day to have it denounced as “nonsense”. 08:16 One day he totally opposed everything a student was telling him. The student argued that he had told the class this the other day. Bob informed him that since then he had changed his mind due to having a discussion with one of his students. He enjoyed having students that argued with him. 08:48 He used to tell his students not to sit at his feet and expect to be told truths. They were there to argue and debate. 09:16 Later on, Bob tutored at Murdoch. In his class was the son of the professor of Classics at UWA. He was very disappointed when they were not able to get Bob back the next year to teach as he was “the first person who made him think”. 10:20 The University of Adelaide was land locked and tightly contained whereas Perth had a beautiful campus. 10:58 When the Hetheringtons arrived in Perth they were accommodated at a university house on the campus. Eventually they bought a house in Claremont. They had a car and Bob drove to Uni. 12:15 The Politics Department was located in the Arts Building. Later on they were moved to the Social Science Building. This was probably due to a lack of space. They were quite close to the History Department in many respects (not just proximity). Brian de Garis was in the History department at this time. When Fred Alexander retired the Chair of History was split in two and Bert Hallam and Geoffrey Bolton appointed. 14:33 The History and Politics departments were closer in Adelaide as they shared a tea room and knew each other very well. They were no crossover lectures between the history and politics departments at UWA. 14:56 When Bob arrived the staff included Professor Gordon Reid (3rd year course in public administration); Ted Watt (2nd year course) and Bob. He was expected to have 70 students and do all the lecturing and tutoring. However, it was during the Vietnam War and he ended up with 182 students. 16:05 Bob thinks that there was protest on campus but cannot remember anything specific. 16:34 He could not do the tutoring on his own and asked Geoff Bolton for help. He sent along Barbara Hamilton who stayed for year and eventually became a lecturer. Later Sandra Penrose came and tutored. Both ladies eventually demanded that they be allowed to do some of the lecturing. 17:33 This changed the course a little bit. The crux of the course was the Westminster system; the Australian political system and. Students also studied a book by Walter Bagehot, the Australian constitution and the party system. Democratic thought covered the writings of John Locke, John Stuart Mill and other writers who believed in democracy. 18:24 Bob’s former professor in Adelaide, Professor Duncan, said it was the best course he had seen. Bruce Stone was until recently the Head of the Politics Department and would be able to supply further information on courses. He was formerly a student of Bob’s and very bright. 18:57 Many students went on to get a job in Foreign Affairs. Some became academics. Other did it before they did a law degree. 19:41 Marika Vicziany was another very bright student who went to London as is now a professor of Asian Political Economy at Monash University, Melbourne. 20:24 Bob was a notoriously hard marker and failed a third of his students. The assessment was by essays and examination. 20:49 The students would choose an essay topic and would have to research and write a paper. They were able to argue points in their essays. One student wrote a brilliant essay on the American Constitution. He argued that it existed to keep to bourgeoisie in power. 21:41 One student was not doing so well. Bob told him that he had reached rock bottom and could only go up from that point and he did! 22:22 Many students found the transition from school to university very challenging. The men wrote scrabbly stuff – the writing and the English was bad. The girls wrote in beautiful round handwriting but the work wasn’t very good. An ex student of Bob’s in Adelaide was Anne Cooper (now Anne Summers. Bob told her that her first essay contained better polemics than analysis. 23:53 There were more middle class women and ex-service people in his classes than was the case at UWA in Perth. 24:31 Track 3 00:00 At one stage Bob lectured at the Octagon as it could hold 300 students. Others did not enjoy lecturing here. He used a table instead of the rostrum. He handed out summaries of the lecture and ad-libbed from his summary. There was no technology in these days – just word of mouth. 01:30 Ralph Pervan was also in the Politics Department and regarded as a “reasonable person”. After the Whitlam Dismissal in 1975, a rally was held in the Entertainment Centre. 6,500 people attended and Bob was told to warm up the crowd. He addressed them as “Fellow Democrats”. Ralph Pervan commented later that this was more like the Nuremburg Rally 02:49 There was flexibility to incorporate current affairs into the political lectures. 03:38 Bob said that he learnt a lot from lecturing. The students appreciated him getting out from behind the table to meet the audience. 04:05 There would be about 10 in a tutorial. They liked to keep the numbers small in order to relate to the students. Bob was a good tutor and engaged with the students. They would have to discuss a topic. 06:03 The male/female ratio at UWA was just about 50/50. Mature aged women started to attend in the Whitlam era. 06:45 Ted Watt was very helpful when Bob cased the joint in 1966 and drove him around Perth as a pillion passenger on his motor bike. At this time, they were tearing down the Barracks. It was suggested that a bridge should link the Barracks and Parliament House. This is being canvassed again for the upcoming State Election in 2013. 08:08 The students did not visit Parliament House as part of the politics course. When Bob was a member of parliament he would show students around. 08:34 One of Bob’s first speeches in Parliament attacked Charles Court. Bob left UWA to enter politics. Bob was beaten for preselection by Fred Chaney and Bob McMullan talked him into going into the Legislative Council. A new two member seat was established and he was the member with Fred McKenzie. 11:27 Bob’s academic background was not a great help in his political career. 12:00 Brian McKinnon was the Leader of the House. One day Bob had not had time to distribute notes to accompany his speech. Bob argued that this was not mandatory. Mr McKinnon argued that the notes might make the speech understandable. Bob said he did not expect to make the leader any wiser but he was trying to inform him! 14:06 Bob was not aware of internal university politics. Gordon Reid ran the department without any outside interference. 15:06 The department did not mix socially outside work. Bob would visit Gordon from time to time. Gordon was very proper. They would visit Ted Watt and his wife. Ted was a right wing devout Catholic. 16:14 Morning and afternoon tea was taken in the department. Lunches could be eaten and/or bought outside the department. 16:42 Pat Carruthers was the department secretary. She was devoted to Professor Reid. Her husband converted part of the pantry in Claremont into a toilet. Bob wrote an article about Gordon. He has since misplaced this. Gordon was an ex navigator in a bomber during WW2. Ruth was a war bride that be brought back from England. Bob was in the army for 4 years and 6 months. Both had a military background. 18:58 Some people wore gowns but Bob just wore a smart shirt and trousers. Some students thought Bob was a Liberal because he often wore a blue shirt. The students wore what they liked. 20:22 Track 4 00:00 00:11 Conclusion Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5361f2148dc551f6e16a06424584fea5.mp3">Hetherington, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/eda431c6940651a9af8b47d5dd43a716.mp3">Hetherington, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/79968969f9bd2f940c629652fa13957a.mp3">Hetherington, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/400faad50d737b53e23ed8904002112c.mp3">Hetherington, Interview 1, Track 4</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bob Hetherington interview, 24 January 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Political science Description An account of the resource Bob Hetherington joined UWA in 1966 from Adelaide University. He established the first year course in the Politics Department. He was a Labor member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1977 to 1989. In 1987 he introduced a private member's bill into the council to legalise homosexuality, which was narrowly defeated. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hetherington, Bob Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Bob Tonkinson Location The location of the interview Nedlands, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 49 minutes, 23 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 25 minutes, 43 seconds Total: 3 hours, 15 minutes, 6 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1: 17 April 2013 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Track 2 00:00 Robert Tonkinson. Born 12 September 1938. Grew up in Mosman Park. Parents migrated to WA in 1926. Schooled Mosman Park primary and then Claremont High School. 02:09 Did Junior Certificate. Attended Perth Modern School where he did leaving certificate and matriculation. Encouraged and keen to go onto university. Got all 7 subjects 04:09 Influence of older brother – encouraged him to play tennis and hockey and take up teaching as a career. Full time at UWA. Missed second “B” mark by half a per cent. Had to go back part time instead of full time. 06:56 Taught for 3 years (1958-1960) at Harvey Junior High School. Main subject was geography. Started a hockey association which was very successful. 08:24 Came back and taught at John Curtin High School in the Princess Mary Annexe and went to UWA lectures after school. Studied Anthropology in his second year back. It was a new subject. Interested in people rather than things. Ronald and Catherine Berndt taught a mixture of Anthropology and Sociology. 11:00 Strong tradition to work in a different culture. Research experience of Ron and Catherine. She was from NZ and he was from SA. Very successful department. 12:09 Anthropology raises cultural awareness. A practical side to the subject. Applied Anthropology used by multi-national companies to assist in business dealings with different cultures today. 13:43 Hooked by the 3rd year and began to understand the principles. Learned to touch type and typed up lecture notes which assisted his learning. Urged by Ron Berndt to do Honours. Very supportive of his students. Got a 1st Class in Honours and did field work in the South West. Studied Noongars working on farms in Narrogin. Found field work hard and embarrassing. Interviewed Noongars and farmers. Wrote about the patterns of movement of the Aboriginal farm workers and prospects for assimilation. 17:36 At this time it was believed that the traditional cultures would die out and the Aboriginal people disappear as a distinct minority. Aboriginals considered mentally and physically inferior. “Smoothing the Pillow”. 19:50 The Aboriginal population was in decline until 1933 and then rose quite dramatically although they are still about 2% of the total population. 20:50 Ron Berndt suggested Bob give up teaching and do Anthropology full time. He found him a scholarship and suggested he do field work in the Pilbara area where people were still coming in off the desert. The Western desert is the largest Aboriginal cultural area. Great deal of uniformity across this huge area in Dreaming, Law and Religious ceremonies. Discussion of the dreaming and the spirit world. 24:50 Track 3 00:00 UWA was a small campus in the 1950s and Bob would run into people he knew from school in the other faculties. Anthropology was housed on Fairway. 01:29 Discussion of Berndt collection – small museum. Displays from PNG had caused consternation at the sexual nature of the exhibits. Berndt were experts on sex and cannibalism in PNG. 04:13 Interesting comment by a critic about Ron Berndt’s publication, Excess and Restraint: social control among a mountain people in Papua New Guinea that it contained lots of excess and precious little restraint! 04:57 There was a small library in the Anthropology Department. The main library was under Winthrop. 06:15 No Tavern at that stage. Socialising was done eating sandwiches on the lawn in front of Winthrop Hall. The R’ef was to the right of Winthrop Hall as you face Stirling Highway 08:27 Active theatre group and balls in Winthrop Hall. Bob taught jive at Wrightson Dance studio in Murray Street, Perth 09:50 The failure rates at UWA were high – student realised that they had to work. 10:40 Anthropology was not offered for first years. Bob was told the subject was about people and cultures so it appealed to him. John and Kati Wilson were some of the first students to qualify. They did work with Don McLeod who led the first strike of Aboriginal farm workers up north. They were inspirational to Bob. 12:42 Ron Berndt encouraged Bob to do some field work in Jigalong. He resigned from the Education Department. 14:20 Bob knew it was in the desert but did not know where it was. In those days the train went as far as Meekatharra 300 miles away. There were mission trucks that delivered rations and other supplies to Jigalong. Another student was leaving for Broome in mid-1963 and gave Bob a lift. 16:46 The missionaries were fundamentalists and Bob found them more different to him than the Aboriginal people. Bob had studied the texts of Wilf Douglas who produced a phonology and grammar of the Western Desert language. He had also done a year of linguistics at UWA with Susan Kaldor. Bob found the ability to write symbols to represent the phonetics very useful. In Aboriginal language there is a subject indicator. 21:38 Discussion of culture shock and what it is for those working in the field. 23:15 The difficulties of field work. 23:48 How supplying rations to the hunter gatherer people had affected their health and culture. 25:00 Discussion of the extended case method 25:28 Track 4 00:00 How to establish the topic of study for fieldwork. The importance of having the Berndt’s work to familiarise yourself with the area. Ethnographic salvage work – ritual, the dreaming, the law – vacuum cleaner anthropology. Sucking up all the information before it is too late. 01:42 The tension between the Aboriginal people and the missionaries who regarded the Martu as a primitive people who were sexually promiscuous who needed God to save them. 03:42 The missionaries were from the Apostolic Church of Australia. They were not very well educated or trained in missionary work. They originated from Wales. They did not try and convert Bob but worried he would turn ‘native’. 05:58 He did not consciously study them but became interested in their world view. They were obsessed by the sexual relations between the Martu. 07:35 Bob wrote on the ‘Jigalong Mob’ and on kinship and the similarity of their rituals even though it was such a huge area. They liked travelling so would use modern transport to visit kin and perform ceremonies. The society was dependent on those meetings held normally twice a year in the desert at a location where food and water could be found. 09:59 You gave to go with the flow as people come and go and appointment can be broken which can be a bit frustrating when you are doing field work 10:38 There was still a great deal of ritual at this time. Women had their own ceremonies which Bob could not attend. 10:58 From their part the Martu had to work out who Bob was and whether they could trust him. It helped that he could speak the language and understood some of the basics of the kinship, the law and the rituals. 13:07 Permissions had to be sought from the Native Welfare Department and the Mission. It is doubtful that the Aboriginal people in Geraldton or Jigalong were consulted. UWA gave him good credentials. 15:00 It is doubtful that the Missionaries would have consulted the Martu. This word means “person” and is a label that they give themselves. 15:39 People realised that Bob had a genuine interest and knowledge of the law. He swore so he could not have been Christian. Once he was asked by the Martu whether he had actually seen Jesus. 16:42 Some of the frontier whites on the pastoral Stations had Aboriginal concubines and children (not that they were acknowledged). 17:26 They had to work out what kind of a person Bob was. At one time, some of them wanted to be known as the University Mob 18:48 Initially Bob was at Jigalong for about 7 months. He would return every time he could. The major rituals were held during January and February known as ‘pink eye’ time. This is when the hirers of Aboriginal labour lay them off as there is no work and they return to the Mission. 21:03 Big emotions for the Martu are homesickness and shame. The kinship system is central to their law and ways of behaviour. They have no chiefs. The kinship system is the overarching framework with religion that defines their behaviour and interaction with each other. It is very complicated. They have a great sense of sense. 22:32 They have a strong command of their environment. The Western desert of Australia is one of the hardest places for human survival. 23:27 You can see the kinship system in action for example where people avoid each other as they are not allowed to meet. 24:32 You must not walk into a strange camp. You must sit outside and be invited in. Relationships must be established first. 25:37 Bob was asked what his skin group when he first met a group of men. They named him Panaka so they made him their brother in order that they could establish what relationship they could have with him. 27:00 Track 5 00:00 Fieldwork methods are pencil, notebook, camera and tape recorder. The ethics of using these. Brain, eyes and ears are the most important. You must cross check the facts. 01:24 Discussion of specialisation in Western Society and the contrast with Aboriginal society. Education in hunter gatherer societies is by observation and imitation. The importance of tracking and reading the signs. 04:34 The importance of the elderly for passing on the knowledge. 05:06 When Bob was writing information down most people asked what he was doing but when they realised that it was to ensure the knowledge was there for ever they were mollified. 06:42 You prove yourself by being there and saying you are coming back and coming back. In the end Bob was not regarded as a white fella but part of the furniture. Bob would pay the people by giving tools and tobacco. 08:30 They prize useful things like buckets and chisels. The material things from Western society are accepted but the religious and intangible things like values are not. They adopt and adopt material goods which are useful. 10:00 The issues around recording voice and photography. He did not take photographs of sacred objects at first. Bob has never published pictures of sacred objects. 11:55 Recording voice was similar to photographs of the dead but a couple of generations on, many people come to Bob’s house to see photos of their great grandfather. This taboo seems to be easing. The Martu people can recognise people’s limbs or hands as well as faces. 14:43 Cross checking research. The unwritten rule is that you contact the person whose has been in the field before you. You liaise and/or cite sources from people who have specialist knowledge in the field i.e. Fiona Walsh for her knowledge of the seasons and environment. Doug and Rebecca Bird have worked at Jigalong. They are from Stanford in the US and are interested in diet and bush tucker; hunting food and how it is distributed. Relationships. 18:32 Bob’s Master’s was longer than his PhD as he was covering a lot of territory. The focus of his thesis was: “How do groups who are so different ideologically and culturally co-exist without falling apart at the seams”. 21:58 Myrna’s Bob wife studies food, how you eat, what you eat, food preparation, etc. 22:23 Comparison of universal activities; similarities and differences. Your own culture is the standard, or model against which other cultures are compared. The data is then analysed to write the thesis. The relationships in Jigalong are integral to any study of any area. Avoidance relationships. How these are managed in the modern age is very interesting. 26:20 Bob has not been up to Jigalong for 3 years so things might have changed in this time as cultures and practices adapt. 26:35 Bob’s Master’s thesis was examined by external examiners. 27:05 Track 6 00:00 After completing his thesis at UWA, Bob became aware of a project about relocated communities in the Pacific. It was organised by the University of Oregon in the USA. 01:30 Bob was able to take part in this project and had a temporary teaching position at the University of Oregon. He also did more field work in Australia when he could. 02:00 Bob did his PhD at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. 02:28 Bob returned to Jigalong and focused on the rain making ritual. 03:14 Bob got a tenured teaching job back in Oregon in 1971 and submitted his PhD in 1972. 03:39 In 1984 Bob took a job at the ANU in Canberra and was here for 4 years. At about the same time Ron Berndt retired and had always wanted Bob to take on the professorship, so he returned to Perth and UWA and came full circle 04:29 Interview 2: 23 April 2013 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00: 0 Track 2 00:00 Return to UWA in 1984. Found UWA had grown considerably. The Department of Anthropology was now in the Social Sciences Building. Anthropology was a ‘problem’ department. Roy Lourens. John Gordon was a Harvard graduate and had some good ideas for the reorganisation of the department, including combining second and third year courses. 04:40 Bob brought in some procedural changes including that essays needed to be handed into the office to be registered rather than handing them direct to staff members. 05:33 Some staff encouraged to take early retirement or to find other employment. Some left of their own volition as they couldn’t cope with the work load. 06:44 The new appointments were crucial to the success of the department. They had to be collegial and experienced in different fields. The department concentrated on Aboriginal Australia, South and South East Asia and the Pacific. Staff informed of what was happening and there were regular departmental meetings. 09:03 It was decided to hire staff from outside the university rather than hire their own graduates. All the new appointees were excellent teachers – Bob considered this central to the success of the department. He himself enjoyed teaching and loved taking the first year classes. 11:46 Linguistics was within the department but later went out on their own. A similar thing happened with archaeology. 13:13 The students came from a wide range of departments. The Faculty of Arts encouraged students to study broadly in their first year. 14:06 A thesis writing seminar was introduced for Honours students. Students often did not realise that a thesis needed a hypothesis. 15:27 The Berndts had left their mark. They were excellent field workers and ethnographers and developed good areas of questioning. They left a moratorium on their archives to be quarantined for some years but then to be available for researchers. 17:15 Their material was found to be crucial in the Hindmarsh case and with land claims. 18:29 UWA has benefited from their collections. The museum is very well regarded. 18:52 Field work was considered essential but became difficult for students who were working part time and/or had families. One student studied Dutch businessmen in Perth. 21:00 Bob regretted that there was no mechanism to follow up with their students after 5 years and 10 years to find out whether Anthropology had been useful in their career and how it had helped them. 21:43 Comparison of American and Australian systems. Working at ANU had helped him to get into the zone in Australia. There are many more four field departments in the US. Being an administrator was a new role for Bob. Oregon is his second home. He is still in touch with people there and in the University of British Columbia in Vancouver 24:10 Bob considers getting international exposure is vital and likes to have staff possessing experiences outside Australia. 26:58 Things have changed now and many people find it difficult to get full time work especially on the east coast of the US. 27:42 Track 3 00:00 The high point of his time at UWA was being awarded a Distinguished Teaching Award in 1988 as he prided himself on making his lectures entertaining and engaging. 02:56 Bring the ‘otherness’ back home and give relevant examples so that they can understand what is going on using the ‘home made model’. 03:38 Lots of people came to the lectures – including people from other disciplines. One student came to a lecturer having been invited by a friend and decided to study Anthropology and did her PhD. 04:48 The university instituted an award that was voted on by the students to find the best teachers. Six were chosen including Bob. The award included the sum of $1,000. 05:55 In 2002 Bob was asked to give the Berndt Memorial lecture. 06:42 Track 4 00:00 How Anthropology is used. The discipline is founded on anti-racist notions. Other cultures are not ranked. Anthropologist must also be aware of observer bias. Field work can be very lonely and it is important to retain a perspective. 06:38 Bob’s particular fields of interest were religion and sorcery. How sorcery and magic can be used to create social control. 17:20 Correspondences can’t be made until you know a fair bit about that society. This entails repeated visits to the field. It isn’t just professional as you make relationships in those societies. 19:33 Lecturing on Melanesia and PNG on expedition cruise ships 20:59 Track 5 00:00 The development of Anthropology in Australia and its importance for Native Title. The importance of custom 03:57 Being Nomadic was a key element – no boundaries. 05:21 Interviews are done with the people and information is gathered to ascertain the basis of their claim; their association with the land. 05:59 Children were taken from their mothers. Bob is involved with The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) and does a lot of reconciliation work. 07:28 Once anthropologists only did academic work but now they can do consulting. It is a very important area today. There are university courses just on this topic. 08:05 Issues with national parks. There are Indigenous Ranger programmes. 08:28 Torres Strait islanders are the second indigenous group. They are Melanesian. The first big significant land claim was in the Torres Strait. 09:13 Job prospects for anthropologists are very good now. 09:57 The heritage component also has to be taken in consideration when approving mining leases. 10:20 Study leave and international conferences are crucial to keep abreast of developments in the field. Bob gets students referred to him from the US due to his contacts there. 11:24 Protocol of contacting the person who has done field work in the area you are intending to go into. The importance of anthropologists not being drawn into internal politics in an area. 13:56 Anthropologists tend to be leftists as they identify with the downtrodden. Sometimes your actions can be misinterpreted as trying to stir up social revolt. 16:14 American anthropologists have been taken for the CIA in South America and killed. This is not helped by the fact that some anthropologists were in fact recruited by the CIA! 17:42 Anthropologists pay their informants by in kind presents or cash. When Bob left his field trip in Vanuatu he gave the village his possessions to be divided up amongst them. The villagers knew who had helped and were able to do this. People got items on a scale of value that equalled how much they had helped. 20:36 Track 6 00:00 Headship 1985-1987 and 1995-1997. Happy to hand this over as he always taught a full teaching load even as Head of Department. Jill Woodman the department secretary. 03:53 Bob’s need to be punctual, able to make deadlines and have this neat and ordered. 04:40 The Department has blossomed due to Jill’s presence and the esprit de corps. Staff had to communicate and communication with students was considered very important. 06:21 If Bob had not been born in Australia he would have liked to have been born in New Zealand due to its very interesting native culture and large multi-cultural Polynesian society. 07:48 In the last 20 years Australia has become very multi-cultural. There are black people in every Australian city. 08:51 He believes that Australia has strong assimilatory powers. 09:44 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/9676cc3df5ecf0526325eb6d21ae6585.mp3">Tonkinson Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/fd846cab1623274740031ab6a7308a64.mp3">Tonkinson Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/cd565f208a29b80090627503812e1d8c.mp3">Tonkinson Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/eb02f5a9fccfa90b45fa5c3a3b0a253d.mp3">Tonkinson Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/2c62c7ea94b8f134b7d0e71e346b8f86.mp3">Tonkinson Interview 1, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f60ff865e3734fc42cc2e080dde6b27d.mp3">Tonkinson Interview 1, Track 6</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a9ec593dc2e34392aa645cb44f4ae15f.mp3">Tonkinson Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/3dc09e01659166050f1326d09d374999.mp3">Tonkinson Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/553f411853b2fb5316424875b02f1b9f.mp3">Tonkinson Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5a5dd4a640ecec4e06ec329418a4a2ab.mp3">Tonkinson Interview 2, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d164b831db49b4b297d4c2047e04bcab.mp3">Tonkinson Interview 2, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c0d5f0527816ab114bc3085025397cc1.mp3">Tonkinson Interview 2, Track 6</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bob Tonkinson interview, 17 April and 23 April 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Anthropology Description An account of the resource Emeritus Professor Bob Tonkinson studied anthropology at the University of Western Australia in the 1960s with Ronald and Catherine Berndt. He subsequently studied and worked in North America and at the Australian National University before returning to UWA as Professor of Anthropology in 1984. He has carried out extensive field research at Jigalong and in the Western Desert, as well as in Vanuatu. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tonkinson, Bob Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Bruce Meakins Location The location of the interview Crawley, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 1 minute, 51 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 2 minutes, 33 seconds Interview 3: 1 hour, 6 minutes, 28 seconds Total: 3 hours, 10 minutes, 52 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:50 Track 2 00:00 Born Prospect, South Australia on 4 April 1959. Moves to WA aged 8. Family settle in Mount Hawthorn. Attends Mt Hawthorn Primary School and later Perth Modern School, Subiaco. A good music programme attracted good quality teachers. Did Duke of Edinburgh Award – bronze, silver and gold over a 3 year period. Asthmatic but his family encouraged fishing and camping. The Duke of Edinburgh Award involved several components: service contribution; an interest of choice; a physical activity and to prepare and execute an expedition. 07:51 Got good marks at school and was steered towards the academic programme. He got the highest marks for English which he didn’t study for. A medical degree would have been too onerous on the family finances. In about 1972, he took part in an asthma study at UWA. Got significant improvements in health from the swimming programme. Paddling was also an activity that caused less asthma whereas running is detrimental. 14:15 Introduced to YMCA through Duke of Edinburgh Award and did leadership activities with them. Found he enjoyed working with people and decided to do a degree in Physical Education. The fourth year of study was the teaching component. Continued working with YMCA and was offered some part-time work while he was studying. 16:38 The Department of Sports Science was located on the ground floor of the Reid Library. Lectures were held in the Octagon Theatre. Part of the course involved studying Human Biology, Psychology, Sociology and Anthropology. It was a new course structure. Lived at home with his parents. Found the campus very large and didn’t get to know that many people especially as he was doing activities outside. He did not join any university clubs. 20:50 Many of the students in his course were very sports focussed. There were large cohorts from the private schools who had done traditional sports. There were not many international students but there were several teachers who came from the Eastern States seeking a higher degree. Physical Education involved a practical component teaching various sports. The laboratory work – biology and anatomy was fascinating. They also studied physiology and bio mechanics. Computers were beginning to be used. 24:03 It was the early days of using science to improve fitness and performance and to recover from injury. At the cutting edge were people such as Frank Pyke, John Bloomfield (Head of School) and Brian Blanksby. People went overseas to gain knowledge and brought that back to Australia. 26:31 Local community work in the YMCA involved working with children’s activities and camps. When a camp director left, Bruce offered to run the summer camps. A Canadian then came in to run the camps. She brought in knowledge from North America where the YMCA was getting involved in fitness, health and safety. Aerobics was becoming popular. The YMCA started to run fitness centres and fitness programmes. The YMCA allowed Bruce to work even though he did not have his teaching diploma. It was always his intention to go back and do it. Bruce set up international exchange programmes and organised to go to North America to study the new techniques and ideas. In the meantime, he had become good friends with the Canadian lady who later became his wife. 30:37 When Bruce was a student, UWA did not have a swimming pool for recreation – it was only there for study programmes. Kevin Finch who ran the asthma programme went on to become an Olympic doctor. Brian Blanksby became Head of School. Alan Morton later became Head of School. The recreation centre was built in 1970. There was a three court sports hall, squash courts and tennis courts plus the sports ovals. Students took part in the traditional clubs such as cricket and football. There was a rowing club but no canoeing club. There were no fitness classes although there were some free weights in the gym. There was an athletics club. Bruce swam at pools such as Beatty Park. 35:17 Bruce spent most of the day on campus and studied and used the library between lectures. He generally brought his own lunch. There was a refectory at the Guild and a coffee shop at Hackett Hall which was the old refectory. He didn’t visit the Guild. In 1979, Bruce graduated in Winthrop Hall where he had taken his exams. He was the first in his family to go to university. Luckily, education was free at this time. He moved out of home after he graduated and shared a house with university friends. 38:18 Bruce went to America for 10 months in 1981. He enjoyed a personal study period; attended conferences and visited various YMCAs; did a canoeing trip and then travelled and did some hiking and climbing. Cardiac related health was very much to the fore in the USA. The YMCA was also interested in children’s preventative health programmes. He married his Canadian wife in Canada while he was away. The YMCA focussed on Body, Mind and Spirit which complemented what he had learned in Sports Science. The YMCA began to formalise training in fitness and health and encourage healthy activity. Bruce learnt CPR in America. 46:09 Many people in the USA were overweight and ate junk food in large portions. Bruce began to take an interest in encouraging non-athletes to live a healthy lifestyle. He used what he had found out in America to run programmes and activities back in Australia. He taught aerobics classes. The YMCA classes were the precursor to the modern gym classes. 51:39 The YMCA also ran healthy back programmes. They were exploring the idea of having classes before and after work. Women enjoyed group classes whereas men enjoyed the gym environment. Bruce believes that Australians have more international awareness as they travel extensively. He was fired up to do some of what he had learnt and apply it at home. 54:24 Outdoor activities were more structured in the USA as they have a larger population. Their natural heritage was more commercialised. Kids’ camps in Perth were organised at Rottnest and Mundaring. Camps were to encourage children to grow in all areas – not just in sport. Scouts and church groups were doing similar activities. The 60s were the era of structured youth activities. This broke down in the 70s, particularly around the time of the Vietnam War. 61:50 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:42 Track 2 00:00 In February 1984, Bruce left the YMCA and took a job with the Guild Sport & Recreation Department at UWA to run the Recreation Centre. The Fitness Centre had only been set up for 3-4 years and had 500-600 members. It concentrated on the weights room. The job included testing people coming into the fitness centre, employing staff and running the centre. Bruce decided to focus on the broader aspects of fitness and not just weights training. He fitness-tested between 5-12 people a day – students and staff. He met some interesting people and encouraged them to take responsibility for their own lives. 05:08 The building expanded soon after Bruce started. The Recreate programme was a menu of different activities for people to try. Different fitness classes were incorporated in the programme. Bruce wanted the Centre to encourage people to grow their health and well-being. He started the Avon Attack programme which helped people every step of the way to train, prepare for and carry out the Avon Descent. 80% to 90% of participants finished the event. An early morning fitness programme was developed which was followed by nutritional breakfast. Circuit training was found to be an efficient means of providing all-over training. They ran 30-40 classes a week with up to 50 people per session. To keep people active they created various incentives such as a 100 circuit club or similar. These programmes mixed fitness, lifestyle and health and used all his previous experience. 11:08 In 1986, Bruce studied for a full-time Diploma in Education, ran the Centre and participated in the Avon Descent. At this time the Director of the Guild Centre left. Bruce applied for the job but was unsuccessful. Bruce concentrated on running the fitness centre around good core values, applying sports science in its purest form and allowing the centre to develop. He oversaw the Recreate programme and was able to double the programme three years in a row. First years were targeted with a smorgasbord of activities. Customer service was key. 16:00 Bruce saw it as a priority to get women involved. In 1986/87 it was male dominated. They started an aerobics programme but developed a culture that wasn’t about wearing cool gym gear. For some years there was a women’s only centre to encourage women to join. Once they had more women members, it became mixed again. The women tended to dominate the fitness classes and the men the gym. 20:20 When Bruce travelled, he would try and attend a conference to maximise his opportunities and his knowledge. In 1990, his boss left and he was employed as Director of Guild Sports. He became involved in the national body - the Australian National Sports Federation. This was the era of the Dawkins Report where tertiary institutions also became universities. Bruce attended a workshop that discussed the merger. It was a stalemate until the Western Australians instituted some sports games. Once everyone had joined in, progress was made! Bruce was on the inaugural board for a couple of years. They ran the first summer version of the Australian University Games. In 1993, the summer and winter games merged into the one event. In 1992, Bruce attended a Wellness Conference in Wisconsin. In 1993, a university team was sent to compete in Brisbane; in 1994 to Wollongong and in 1995 to Darwin. Each area of Australia was formed into a state body. In WA it became Tertiary Sport WA. UWA students often won so they decided to take the programme out to the different universities. 28:29 Voluntary student fees started to be talked about in 1994/1995. In 1992-1994, they decided to make the clubs less dependent on external funding. By 1994-1995, they had changed the culture. In February 1996, the State Government passed legislation to make student fees voluntary. The 1997 Guild fees would not be automatic. A team was formed to develop a proactive plan to cope with this. A review process started in April 1996 and a business planning model was developed. The end result was a separate association independent of the university. They started off with no money in the bank and 12 full-time staff that had to resign from the Guild and be reemployed by the new body. 36:42 Bruce treated all sports with a sense of equity and didn’t favour one sport over another. There were different prices for students, staff, graduates and the community. It was proved more economical to charge for some activities rather than run them for free as people put more value on it. Bruce would always look at what people did in other places. He feels WA stacked up well compared to the rest of Australia. UWA has had to work hard to provide a service rather than rest on their laurels. 44:13 The colleges were territorial and did not feel that they had to connect with the rest of the system. Bruce sat on the Convocation Committee for about 2 years. The most important thing Bruce did in this period was become involved with the Fitness Accreditation in WA. He was involved in the WA Institute of Recreation and attended the local government conferences. In the early 1990s, he also went onto the WA Sports Federation Board for nearly 8 years. He was also involved with The Australian Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation Inc. (ACHPER). 46:58 Staff was encouraged to take on opportunities and experiences. Sports Science students did practical experience at the Centre and helped to design and implement programmes. Staff training was important. Centre staff were employed all year round whereas students only attended for 8 months a year. To keep afloat, the community was encouraged to join the Centre. Recreate programmes were designed to run twice during a semester to enable the Centre to have a second intake. It was realised that a mix of people was beneficial for the students. Information sessions were a part of the programme as well as cross country ski trips or trips to Nepal. They always offered exciting and challenging programmes. 55:51 New clients had to fill in medical information. Every staff member has a First Aid Certificate. The screening programmes were intense and the Centre is very aware of its Duty of Care. Members could be re-tested every 3 months. 01:01:54 Interview 3 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:41 Track 2 00:00 After Voluntary Student Unionism was adopted (1996-2002), the UWA Sport and Recreation Association (UWASRA) had to cope with ongoing challenges caused by fluctuations in funding. It caused a shift in philosophy and forced them to adapt, be proactive and be smarter. VSU only affected WA at this time. UWASRA separated from the Guild and became independent and entrepreneurial. They decided to get the National University Games (AUG) back to Perth in 1999 in partnership with Eventscorp. The home advantage was significant to their success in these games. Bruce went onto the National Board. 05:24 The universities in WA shared facilities and knowledge. They focused on student participation but were innovative as well and constantly planning and creating future targets. UWA won the Spirit of the Games trophy in 2002. There was a change in State Government in 2001 and it was realised that sport was an essential part of university life. The Guild was divorced from involvement in student sport and recreation so that they could concentrate on other matters. 09:54 It was decided to develop an international event. When fees were reinstituted in 2004, they were already planning this. When funding returned they enacted plans for capital funding programmes and built three facilities: the Water Sports Complex on the foreshore (2005); the water polo pool and the Tennis Centre. The Water Sports Complex included padding, sailing, underwater activities and triathlon. The UWA Tennis Centre at UWA Sports Park, Mount Claremont gave tennis a big boost. Tennis is a big part of the AUG. UWA developed the Indian Rim Asian University Games (IRAUG). 16:14 The land at Sports Park was the best location to run the AUG. In 2004, the games were held in Perth again with a proviso to run it again in 2008. Funding support was developed for a new initiative - the IRAUG in 2005, 2007 and 2009. It gave them forward momentum. The Indian Rim included India, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Hong Kong, Japan and South Africa. All the WA universities were invited. Much was learnt about protocols involved in bringing different people together on the sporting field and socially. Visitors loved UWA spaces. Sports were selected that would be attractive to this group. UWA badminton and judo clubs increased in popularity. They made some important international connections. It became obvious that UWA has an important role in Asia that it must actively pursue. 23:30 The first IRAUG in 2005 was followed by a conference of sports administrators. On the last day of the conference, national legislation was passed to make student fees voluntary. UWA had tools to cope with this new environment. The IRAUG was held again in 2007 and 2009. The national body pulled out of the region. UWA improved their performance in the AUG after 2003. They won the Spirit of the Games trophy again in 2004 and the Per Capital Trophy in 2008. World events – tsunami, SARS, the Global Financial Crisis and threats of terrorism together with staffing issues meant that the IRAUG games were discontinued after 2009. 31:16 In 2009, UWASRA worked with the University of Singapore to run a sailing programme. UWA won gold in the World University Sailing Championship in 2012. Sailing was started in a partnership relationship rather than at a club level. The sailing club is a community club and not just for students. It encourages junior members too. The clubs must remember that the students are their main focus. UWA has a partnership with Swan River sailing so they haven’t had to buy all their own boats. Sailing and golf have assisted in growing the alumni connection and neither is gender specific. 39:00 UWA has 30 different clubs. UWASRA reach more people through the Fitness Centre. Then through social sport clubs - the most popular of these is mixed netball. The Recreate programme has been running for over 20 years and has also increased participation. Students are encouraged to represent their college or faculty in national and international competition. Exchanges are very popular. 44:51 In order to keep on top of trends, Bruce uses travel to conferences interstate or overseas to investigate what others are doing. He also reads journals and magazines and has been on the board of several sports bodies. UWA is the only university that has won all 3 trophies at the AUG. CSIRO published a Megatrends document in 2010 highlighting the shift away from traditional sport. Sport is good way to communicate. 49:28 Partnerships have been very important – Australian University Sport; Eventscorp and Tertiary Sports WA. Sport tied to education has been a win-win situation. Community partnerships include the Department of Sport and Recreation; the WA Sports Federation and the WA Institute of Sport. UWASRA sits across sport, fitness, recreation and health. They are keen to develop leaders in the community. Partnerships have been made with other Australian universities and those in the Asian region, especially Singapore. Partnerships within the university include sports science, exercise and health; the Albany campus; UWA colleges and aligning themselves with the core values of the university. Another important partnership has been with the School of Indigenous Studies and helping to host the National Indigenous Tertiary Education Student Games in 2014. 55:28 Federal funding was reinstituted in 2012. It was realised that many Olympians were training at Australian universities. WA has adapted very well to the last batch of funding. Amenities fees were allowed to be charged once more. UWA got this up and operational in 2012. The database system has been updated to be part of the university structure. Data has been useful as a measurement tool of student participation, trends, changes and outcomes. Growths during that period have been outstanding in usage of the Fitness Centre and in social sports. The Fitness Centre was upgraded in 2011 and the capacity has been doubled. 01:00:31 UWA Sport & Recreation have been on the front foot to align themselves with UWA’s push for volunteering as part of their new course structure. Outdoor leadership is now huge. UWASRA are now operating at 30% funded and 70% self-earned which has been a huge shift. They have been inundated by reviews in this period. The recommendations made in 2011 can now be carried out due to the amenities funding. Employment systems have changed about 7 or 8 times which is onerous on a small business. Technology changes have been massive. Change has been the constant theme. Adaptation has given the organisation to ability to flourish. 01:05:48 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/61e5e93d696ee85920313dd1addd21c5.mp3">Meakins, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b663c0ce3c0c114761605f18360ae48d.mp3">Meakins, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c5190548e7c8af5f8a56fcce3544461d.mp3">Meakins, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/22c5fd9cbc7321e4dc4ff7a65467b167.mp3">Meakins, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c45931448722a561e810e173af476ab9.mp3">Meakins, Interview 3, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/660788e46f2ebc861264194d3461572a.mp3">Meakins, Interview 3, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bruce Meakins interview, 9 October, 2014, 4 November, 2014 and 28 November 2014 Subject The topic of the resource UWA Sport and Recreation Association Description An account of the resource In 1972, Bruce Meakins took part in the Asthma Swimming Programme at UWA. He studied at UWA from 1977 to 1979 and graduated with a degree in Human Movement in 1980. After graduation he worked for the YMCA. In 1984 Bruce was employed by the Guild to run the fitness centre at UWA. In 1986, he studied for a full-time Diploma in Education while working full-time for the Guild and expanding the Recreate Programme. In 1996, Voluntary Student Unionism was passed in WA. Bruce became director of the newly formed UWA Sport & Recreation Association which had to learn to adapt and be proactive in an era of uncertainty and change. It is to Bruce’s credit that sport and recreation at UWA has thrived under his leadership. Today, the UWA Sport & Recreation Association is more closely aligned with the university in terms of its vision and business strategy. The Association will face more challenges in the future but it is now much better equipped to deal with them. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Meakins, Bruce Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History