3 10 85 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Carmen Lawrence Location The location of the interview UWA, School of Psychology, Room 3.07 Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 48 minutes, 53 seconds Interview 2: 48 minutes, 16 seconds Total : 1 hour, 37 minutes, 9 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 01:01 Track 2 00:00 Family background. Family on both sides have been in WA since 1853 and settled in Toodyay and York. Carmen’s parents, Ernest and Mary, both lived in this area. They married just before the end of the Second World War and moved to a soldier settlement called Gutha in 1947 and had seven children. Carmen was educated at a Catholic boarding school in Dongara. The Lawrence’s were very keen for their children to get the education that was denied them. From the age of 7 to 10, Carmen attended school at Marian Convent, Morawa then went back to boarding school at Dongara. At age 14 or 15, she attended Santa Maria College in Attadale where her older sister had been. The standard of Catholic teaching was not very high at this time. There was no careers advice. 08:53 Carmen attended UWA in 1965 when she had just turned 17 (on 2 March). She enrolled in subjects she liked and was good at and did a general arts degree. She gained her Leaving Certificate and passed 7 subjects with 6 distinctions (equal with Robert French, the current Chief Justice of the High Court). St Catherine’s where she boarded provided some advice and support. St Catherine’s was the only women’s college and there would have been about 80-100 female students boarding there. In Arts there were more women so the ratio would have been about 70/30 but the campus was full of male students studying medicine, science, law and engineering. 12:10 Lectures were held in the new Arts Building from her second year. She studied Psychology, Economics, English and Italian. Psychology was very interesting. There was an old Psychology Building located where the new Child Studies Centre is behind Maths and the Computing Centre. The Department was interesting and lively. It was more or less part of the Arts Faculty but uneasily straddling Arts and the Sciences. English literature was interesting but she felt there was no point continuing with it if she was not going to become a teacher. Dorothy Hewett, and Fay Zwicky were tutors. The tutorials were more memorable than the lectures! Italian was very good for teaching pronunciation as she had never spoken the language before. Economics was enjoyable in 1st year but not so much in 2nd year. She was awarded a prize in economics and in psychology so was encouraged to continue with these subjects into 2nd year. She dropped English and Italian in 2nd year and did a first year unit in Biology. Alan Richardson tutored Psychology at Saint Catherine’s. John Ross and Vince Di Lollo were young academics. The student body in the Psychology Department were friendly so Psychology won out over Economics. 16:53 The school was anti-Freudian and very behaviourist. Human behaviour had always interested her. The degree became an end in itself. She did not think about future use. She picked up more prizes in 2nd year and was chosen to do Honours at the end of 2nd year (a Bachelor of Psychology). She was thinking about being an academic but then took a year off and re-thought her path. She was offered jobs due to her good results and had no trouble getting jobs that she applied for. 19:49 The early 60s on campus was still fairly quiet and conservative. Carmen took part in various organisations at St Catherine’s but the emphasis was on study. There were social events between the colleges. There were sporting events. It was like a small country community. She was involved with the undergraduate dramatic society and the Newman Society (the Catholic Society). The psychology community had their own club. The social life was restricted more or less to weekends. Most of the students were supported by their parents or had Commonwealth Scholarships. She did not take a job in term time but worked over the summer holidays in the Psychology Lab. Both Carmen and her younger sister were supported by their parents at St Catherine’s College. Her three younger sisters also attended UWA and her parents bought a house in Shenton Park where they moved on retiring. 22:54 St Catherine’s was a bit like a boarding school. Pat Church, the Warden was very strict. In 1967, as a senior student (elected by the student body) Carmen tried to intervene when a boarder was expelled for having a man in her room. There was a common room for tutors and senior students. There were formal dinners where residents wore gowns. No drinking was allowed. If you were over 21 and invited to the senior common room then you could have a glass of wine with the Warden. When you had enough of these rules and regulations you found alternative accommodation. Carmen left during Honours. The rooms contained a bed and some storage and a study desk. Students were encouraged to use the common rooms to make tea and coffee and socialise. The food was institutional but better than boarding school. There was not much provided by way of lunch on campus so many students returned to the halls or took a packed lunch. The campus finished at the Reid Library so it was quite easy to return for lunch. 26:52 All the colleges interacted. There were balls, sporting events and dinners. All of the colleges had balls and these were a highlight. Carmen and her sister made their ball gowns. The dresses were made of satin or silk and elbow length gloves were worn. She also made her everyday clothes. Sometimes there was a band. Many people had their own radios and listened to popular music. Spare time was spent mixing on the campus or at the beach in the summer or playing sport. Student clothing was fairly formal. Female students wore skirts and jumper – trousers were rarely worn. It grew more informal in the 1970s. 31:25 Discussion of topical issues took place in tutorials. St Catherine’s had a series of tutorials that were run by campus academics. It was a sheltered world. Television was rare and discouraged. Radio and reading were the ways students found out what was happening in the wider world. The student movement gathered momentum in the early 70s. When Carmen returned as a PhD student in 1970 she tutored at St Catherine’s and became involved in the anti-Vietnam movement. Having travelled around the world for a year in 1969 she had been exposed to more ideas. Carmen recommended at one of the anti-Vietnam marches and meetings that young people should burn their draft cards. This was totally illegal. [Phone rings] The campus was very lively in the early 70s. Carmen then decided that she didn’t want to complete her PhD and left in 1971. St Catherine’s students set up the Libertarian Socialists. They campaigned against the Miss University Quest. Women’s issues, Vietnam and social issues generally were being discussed in the lead up to the 1972 Federal Election which saw Gough Whitlam and the ALP take power. 36:06 St Catherine’s College had a float in PROSH complaining about the absence of women in politics in about 1967. The protest over the beauty contest (Miss University) was in about 1971. It was the last year that it was held. There were very few women academics and those in the university were only at junior levels. 40:30 Carmen had not been a member of any political societies on campus and considered these people to be to-ing the line and just playing at politics. The Guild appeared to be a training ground for politicians. In 1970-71, the PhD students went on strike as they were being underpaid. They were successful and PhD payment rates are now linked to whatever is paid to an externally contracted person. University teaching was also under scrutiny in the 1970s. UWA had not kept pace with shifts in student opinion and global opinion. It was conservative and a little bit complacent. Murdoch University began operating in 1973 and WAIT became Curtin so there was more competition. 46:00 As part of their lab work, Psychology students used the computer centre. There was a big mainframe computer to analyse the data. They had to write the programmes and handed them over to the computer staff who hand punched the cards which were inserted into the computer. It took days to get the results back. 48:53 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Track 2 00:00 When Carmen decided not to continue with her PhD studies, she took a 6 month research contact with the Department of Corrections Unit in West Perth. She also visited prisons. The psychology element in prisons today is almost non-existent. Then she worked as a research assistant in both Sydney and Melbourne. She enjoyed the creative side of both cities. The UWA degree was highly regarded as it was the only university in WA at that time. In Melbourne, Carmen and her friends were the founding thirteen of the Women’s Electoral Lobby. The status of women and women’s issues were not really on the radar in the lead up to the 1972 Federal Election. 05:44 When her son David was born, she returned to Perth so that she could continue to work with the support of family and friends. Child-care was virtually non-existent. Back in Perth she lectured and tutored part-time at UWA and WAIT (now Curtin) from 1973-1978. In 1979, she enrolled for a PhD part-time at UWA and a little later got a job as lecturer in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science in the Faculty of Medicine based at QEII Hospital for four years. Her PhD topic was Infant Crying and Material Responsiveness using statistical modelling in co operation with UWA mathematician Terry Speed. 11:15 She was invited to go and work in the Research and Evaluation Unit of the Psychiatric Services Branch of the Department of Health and researched the effects of alcohol in pregnancy and anesthetic on the cognitive functions of the elderly. She was here for three years (1983-1986). 13:30 She had been involved in the Labor Party and in 1983 stood for election in an unwinnable seat. In 1986, she was asked to represent the seat of Subiaco. This was a way to influence policy from the inside. There were many issues in the seat of Subiaco such as saving Bold Park bushland and traffic calming in Wembley. She sat on the Child Sexual Abuse Taskforce and was also on a committee that examined anti-discrimination legislation. The psychology degree was useful in knowing where and how to do research. There were more women in politics since the 1983 election especially on the Labor side. 19:28 In 1990, she took over from Peter Dowding when he resigned as Premier. She had been Education Minister for 2 years. It was a challenging time for education. She was Minister for Aboriginal Affairs in 1989. She was treated quite well as a female Premier. There was media stereotyping but it was not as trivial as today with social media being so rife. As Education Minister she attended several graduation ceremonies at UWA. As Premier she recalled visiting UWA and being photographed with the Duke of Edinburgh outside Winthrop Hall. There were several ex UWA people involved in the political sphere at that stage. 24:40 Issues in the 1990s included traffic and public transport. Labor expanded the railway network. There was some city planning and moves to stop the urban sprawl. Mining was in the doldrums. As Education Minister she chaired a review of the Dawkins Report and recommended a single graduate school. In 1993 she was leader of the opposition and then became the Federal member for Fremantle (1994-2007) and offered a position in Cabinet. 29:36 As Health Minister she had a strong interest in indigenous health. Advisers were generally bureaucrats. Policy advice generally came from the public sector. Terry Moran in today’s Financial Review comments that “Parliament House has been populated by “teenage political advisors” who know very little, if anything, about governing and policy making”. 32:27 In 2008, she contacted UWA. Alan Robson was receptive to the idea for a Centre for the Study of Social Change. Initially it was located in the Institute of Advanced Studies and then as part of the School of Psychology. UWA has changed since the 1960s and 70s. The focus is on academic performance through producing research papers. The students don’t seem as independent. Some of them are very politically aware but there is more emphasis on the end result of the degree leading to employment rather than for intellectual curiosity. 41:56 The big change in teaching is the recording of lectures. Many students no longer attend the lectures. Senior staff engages in less hands-on teaching. The teaching and learning environment is not emphasised enough. The social side of life as a staff member is not as inclusive as it was. Postgraduate students do a practical element but there are too many undergraduate students to be given supervised practical work. In 3rd year she teaches how Psychology can be applied to contemporary problems. 48:16 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e7396f96f0db816a2bccfc7c4a0283b3.mp3">Lawrence, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c77e041fe8908c4a5b967e278439e894.mp3">Lawrence, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/13a4d1ed9226c99f166563e988ce912d.mp3">Lawrence, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/2d41a65da7d644b51afea786644cd250.mp3">Lawrence, Interview 2, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carmen Lawrence interview, 4 June 2014 and 2 July 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Psychology Description An account of the resource After training as a research psychologist at the University of Western Australia and lecturing in a number of Australian universities, Dr Lawrence entered politics in 1986, serving at both State and Federal levels for 21 years. She was at various times W.A Minister for Education and Aboriginal affairs and was the first woman Premier and Treasurer of a State government. She shifted to Federal politics in 1994 when she was elected as the Member for Fremantle and was appointed Minister for Health and Human Services and Minister assisting the Prime Minister on the Status of Women. She has held various portfolios in Opposition, including Indigenous Affairs, Environment, Industry and Innovation and was elected national President of the Labor Party in 2004. She retired from politics in 2007. She is now a Professorial Fellow at the University of Western Australia to establish a centre to research the forces driving significant social change in key areas of contemporary challenge as well as exploring our reactions to that change. The centre will also seek to expose for public discussion the processes most likely to achieve social change where that is a desired objective. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lawrence, Carmen Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1dbdb0825c43c0186a0c4235f95d8581.mp3 4a4b078a397914ca6ad29898f9e4bd9b https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0c535505931bab4fdec2b29a50f39a3c.mp3 d33fad9e622282667e9634a6292089ad https://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/484473f8b3e2f084db886c1b333c81c0.mp3 6a143fd83f4964c631f1248f7cb9fe2e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Anne Yardley Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Chris Marsh Location The location of the interview McGillivray Oval, Perth, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 13 seconds Interview 2: 1:hour, 44 seconds Interview 3: 1:hour, 8 minutes Total: 3:hours, 8 minutes, 57 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00 Introduction 00:30 Christopher Richard Marsh, born 16 June 1950. Parents Roy [Ernest] Marsh, merchant navy sea caption, mother Joanna Marsh [née Martin] from Donnybrook. During childhood, didn’t see father often which he likens to present experience of fly in fly out workers’ families: “ship in ship out”. Schooling, everything based around what mother did for him and his sister. Only when father retired did Chris really get to know him. Father became a master mariner. Parents met just before the war, mother involved in secret service work unbeknown to family. Father travelled the world, sailing ships and motor vessels, was involved in convoys in North Sea during war. Most seafaring career up west coast of WA, taking cargo and later cargo and passengers. Very involved with development of north-west. Ord River scheme stands out for Chris, father involved in shipping materials for project – in its pioneer days. 05:00 In 1974 Chris’s future wife, Sandra [née Mclean] joined family at Christmas when family got news of Cyclone Tracy and that Chris’s father’s ship was the first into Darwin following the cyclone – only line of communication into Darwin. School: ‘old boy’ of St Hilda’s pre-primary. Richmond then Nedlands State Schools till 1960 then Christ Church Grammar School until 1967. Sport a big part of Chris’s life: Aussie Rules and cricket especially. Mother mostly brought up Chris and sister. Father worked hard to send children to private school, thinks parents struggled financially, mostly renting homes. Father also worked in wool stores, made sacrifices to send them to private schools. “Blown away by this sacrifice, they worked really hard to give us a good education.” Chris valued his education, mostly enjoyed school, reflects on how character is molded by upbringing, environment. 10:00 But a disinterested teacher adversely influenced his academic performance, took Chris time to reach university standard. Loved humanities, biology, botany – loved tending mother’s garden, mowing, a very practical person. Quite good at art and drawing hence architecture but he worried about maths proficiency. Accepted into WAIT studying architecture and later joined architectural firm. Wasn’t a Chair in landscape architecture at the time, only course in Canberra. “If there had been, I would have done landscape architecture, no doubt about it.” Gained associate degree architecture, six years, industry based course at WAIT. First work at 1974 Forbes and Fitzhardinge during last two and a half years of course, found it extremely energising – much activity late 60s and early 70s architectural firms doing well in boom times. Learnt from Perth’s best designers. 15:00 Assisted with work on AMP tower, Commonwealth Bank, Palace Hotel and issues with demolition. Historic buildings unfortunately removed in name of progress. Exciting time, one of bigger firms in Perth at 1 Ord St East Perth. “We had the time of our lives.” Got to know Gus Ferguson at UWA, much work on uni campus. Discusses similarities between architecture and turf management – the mindset doesn’t change. More hands on being turf manager, but still have same thought processes to plan for major sporting events: logical thinking. Skills cross over – Chris still uses drawing board to plan sports events. Presentation important. 1974, downturn in economy, construction declined, experienced architects were retrenched. Defining moment, geared up for architecture career, but had doubts about security. 20:00 Out of work, he waited by the phone, went to beach, the pub which led to work at Chelsea Tavern, became bar manager and met future wife Sandy there, married in 1978. Had great fun enjoyed night clubbing but not getting anywhere professionally. 22:15 1976 applied for UWA job in landscape architect’s office, Jean Verschuer , stayed 6 / 7 months. During 1968 holidays, summer Chris had worked at UWA for George Munns and his foreman, John Davey, very knowledgeable. Office work didn’t suit Chris, glad to be offered work as groundsman. 25:00 New Year’s Eve 2016 will mark 40 years working for grounds department UWA. Office work for Jean Verschuer was drafting and although enjoyed architectural studies, preferred grounds work despite modest pay. Parents not pleased about move. Work involved mowing programs for sporting ovals. Athletes like Dennis Lillee, Raylene Boyle involved in testing with human movement department. Love of botany came to the fore. Doesn’t recall learning on the job, most people self taught then. Turf management a science but common sense also needed. UWA then had very good rose gardens, but today more maintenance free grounds needed. 30:00 Formal studies came later. Moved from campus grounds to McGillivray Oval – then a wide open space and akin to being sent to Siberia, not well thought of position. Known by horticulturists then as ‘green desert’. Still aspects of ‘them’ and ‘us’ between main campus gardens and McGillivray sports grounds: I was basically banished but that was the best thing that happened to me. Expectation he’d leave to return to architecture but he preferred horticulture. Was given termination papers but with help from foreman and curator of McGillivray pleaded his case, that he understood sport and wanted him to work on cricket wickets. Must appreciate sport and athletes’ needs to manage sporting facilities, especially cricket, where ground can affect outcome of a game. Chris finds it common sense, but not everyone does. 35:00 In late 1977 the then curator left, Chris thrown in at the deep end to provide cricket wickets, Chris’s son, Thomas, studied history of McGillivray. Chris took on curator’s job and cottage 1981 until 2013. Thomas grew up at McGillivray. State government bequeathed land to university in 1908, about 60 acres of virgin bush, market gardens at south end, pig farm, west Subiaco rubbish tip, Aboriginal people living on land. 1929 to 1933 German entrepreneur selling tractors, Herman Ittershagen, leased land for airport. Local car club built race track around airfield, named it Brooklands. Usage waxed and waned over the years. 40:00 Air pageants with cars around the track, a marshal was injured. Car club folded. Subiaco and Nedlands libraries have some historical stories on record. During Second World War, airstrip bulldozed to prevent Japanese landing. Post war – motor cycle scrambles, gliding – people showing interest in using the land. Increasingly difficult for Ittershagen to get civil aviation licenses and gave it away. Chris’s first recollections were of 1962 Commonwealth Games, used for bus parking to get to Perry Lakes Stadium. 43:00 Late 1950s and early 1960s, UWA considered the area for sporting rounds, notably Prof Allan Fels . 1963 UWA began to develop grounds for sport, clear land. Dr McGillivray donated 10,000 pounds to UWA towards cost. Chris doesn’t know actual cost. Land cleared and grass planted. 1964 change rooms western side of grounds built. Opened in May 1965 (50th year 2015). Race track still visible northern boundary Cambridge and Nedlands Council boundaries. 45:00 To acknowledge 50 years, a plaque or information board about history suggested, but not happened so far. Chris would like to see– both for 50 years of sports grounds and even earlier history. Noongyar community had to be consulted about moving native vegetation for clay tennis courts, discussed with anthropologists. Because Chris had knowledge of history and knew it to be re-growth so not actually virgin bush. Most of sports grounds originally part of coastal Tuart forests. Footprint of sports grounds grass playing fields not changed, other facilities built eg clay courts and synthetic hockey grounds. McGillivray Road follows lie of the land. Parts of CSIRO area (UWA land) still has old Tuart trees. Chris found part of race track on sports grounds when digging about half metre down. Early 1970s, concerns about tree stumps just under surface. 50:00 April 1981 Chris and family moved into the caretaker’s cottage. Tony Morgan replaced Jean Verscheur as landscape architect. Subsidised rent attractive to young family but house run down and wife, Sandy horrified. With clean up and modifications became livable. House became a farm in the western suburbs. Son, Thomas, had plenty to do, Chris tells story of Thomas playing with lambs and ducks in Perry Lakes – free range child. Closest residential neighbours in Floreat. 55:00 We looked out on a vast greenness from the front door - fabulous time in the early days, changed after Challenge Stadium built 1986 with more people coming in. No security concerns, felt safe, doing rounds occasionally came across unfortunate things – suicide in change rooms quite difficult to deal with at the time. Living on site meant always on duty, very protective of facility, kept on top of any problems that arose. Occasional undesirable behaviour with increase in clubs activity. UWA Football Club at AJ Williams pavilion hockey, tennis and baseball clubs for instance. Chris believes still needs to be a presence on site on regular basis. It’s an asset that’s worth billions in land value, but it’s also an asset that is worth so much more to the population. 1:13:00 END First interview Interview 2 00:00 Introduction 00:30 Value of the asset at McGillivray Sports Oval and main campus for recreation, pleasure and sport. UWA fortunate to have space for multi sport venue, receive many requests for large carnivals, for instance Australian University Games (every five years). Facilities benefit economy by bringing people to Perth for carnivals. In early 2000s, the Golden Oldies Rugby international competition, brought approximately $20 million to the economy; July 2002 held World Lacrosse Championships with 20 countries, USA, Canada, Iroquois native Americans, competing at elite level – challenging event for Chris and staff. Overseas visitors in awe of space in Perth for sports facilities. Hard to put a figure on financial value of sports grounds to economy. Draw card for sport, for instance UWA the only host of Australian University Games able to hold all sports within radius of two kilometres. 05:00 Most cities bus from venue to venue. UWA facilities unique though Loughborough University, UK and Sydney University also place high value on sport. Building towards carnivals is challenging and interesting part of job for Chris. Qualifications: as grounds man, gardeners were self taught, usually passionate gardeners. Nature part of process. Through 1970s and 1980s qualifications became more important. Horticulture certificate, diplomas studies at Tafe at Bentley. Turf management not thought of until mid 1980s. Chris took two year industry based turf management certificate 1989-90 partly to encourage UWA to recognise occupation as a trade. Course consisted two evenings, two hours each for two years; included site visits for instance WACA to learn about wickets. 10:00 Small industry with little opportunity to meet others in industry; friendly, enjoyable industry. Chris won best student in his year, won an award – C H Bailey Shield. UWA supportive of studies. Turf management a growing medium. Grass has different needs at different times of year, good surface must be sustained. Some sports, much hockey now played on synthetic surfaces, some tennis on clay. Most ball sports played on turf, with different preferences. Chris says McGillivray has best grass hockey grounds in Southern Hemisphere. 1977 Australia played New Zealand in hockey test match, turf quality very good. Spring is renovation time for grass, most growth in summer to be ready for non growing period in winter when most ball sports played. 15:00 Other turf types introduced, for example over sowing rye into couch, particularly for heavy sports like rugby, AFL. In spring, rye sprayed out and couch strengthened. Waste water irrigation introduced 2004 from sewage treatment works, Subiaco – bonus for grounds with extra nutrients. First big city to use treated sewage waste water on sports grounds. Most treated waste sewage water goes into sea at Swanbourne. McGillivray now uses 1.5 megalitres (1.5 million millimetres) per night, five nights per week in summer. Fifty-four million litres wasted into the sea. Water also chlorine treated before use at McGillivray, two year trial period through Water Corporation through Tafe. Water sampling and CSIRO pathogen survival test done, so very safe for sporting ground, better than earlier times with sheep grazing on grounds. 20:00 UWA rugby club were concerned about staph infections but turned out to be off ground hygiene at fault. I think it’s [waste water] an accepted thing. Hopefully, one of these days we’ll be drinking treated waste water. Regulations require signage to say These grounds are irrigated with waste water between the hours of nine and one. No drinking fountains on grounds. Now have different types of grasses for over sowing, worked with PGG Wrightson, New Zealand seed producers to work on over seeding so there is winter grass growing. Turf technicians beholden to usage and weather – if they all align, then we’re really doing well, …It’s one of those jobs where it’s not finite. It’s to do with a lot of luck. Management of ground, with usage. We’re victims of our own success and I think we succeed reasonably well within the constraints of budget… that we can produce sports grounds that people want to play on. Elite sports teams want to train at McGillivray. 25:00 Western Force uses grounds for training as well as UWA Rugby and third tier rugby – city based, Perth Spirit, hence now able to sustain rugby over full 12 months except for two or three weeks over Christmas. Big challenge to maintain grounds. Elite sportspeople need to be safe on the sports grounds. For instance, shin splint injuries if turf too hard. Injuries inevitable, try to provide best surface for particular sport. Important for turf managers to understand different sports from a player’s viewpoint, eg, baseball has specific dimensions for pitcher’s mound. 30:00 Aim for weekend sport is for freshly mown, beautiful looking ground – Chris finds joy in this. In Chris’s 40 years, worked under seven vice chancellors. Some passionate VCs – Alan Robson – very keen on sport. Fantastic people to have around. Prof John Boomfield , Human Movement also passionate – provide grounds for testing eg fast bowlers, Shoaib Akhtar , came to WA to have bowling action checked. Had to prepare wicket to specific standard. John Bloomfield instrumental in development of Challenge Stadium. 35:00 Elite teams, for instance AFL teams, West Coast Eagles and Dockers, train at McGillivray and requested testing and remedial action of surface to suit requirements. Climate important factor: in 2000, eight clay tennis courts put in, 2004 another six added, now not really playable. Clay courts new to WA and experienced problems with dry summer winds. European designed courts deteriorated quickly in WA but turf can be rehabilitated or re-laid. Challenges come with local conditions, eg water, now have good irrigation for uniformity of grass. Eventually grounds suffer too much use. 40:00 McGillivray has ability to move sports to different grounds to prevent over use. When Chris played sport was two nights per week for limited time with no lights on ground. Now grounds used every day and evenings. Schools use grounds 3.30 – 5.30 pm, then UWA seniors continue to 9pm. Intensive use of grounds especially during practice sessions. Chris worked 10 years on James Oval, UWA campus on cricket wickets. Different from McGillivray as built on alluvial flood plain, hence drainage and watering different. James Oval has different uses, good planning necessary.. 45:00 Silver Chair Concert at McGillivray with one week ‘bump in’ trucks bringing in infrastructure for seven thousand people on ground. Weeks and months before event the important part. All campus space well used, for instance Writers Festival, social sport, O Days on James Oval and others, compromise needed. Chris believes UWA cricket may need to move as it grows. Suffers from only having one ground on campus. 50:00 Staff at McGillivray when Chris started work were down to earth, hard working – didn’t have in ground irrigation, grounds mown with small mowers – back breaking work. People now wouldn’t put up with such conditions. Chris learnt from these older workers. In 2005 supported an English worker on 457 visa , problems trying to get sponsorship. Within hours of visa expiring, Chris visited Julie Bishop’s office and had visa approved through sponsorship by UWA. Another worker similar problems, now both have permanent residency and enjoying life in Australia: Rob Thompson and Simon Tipple. Rob won same award Chris had [C H Bailey]. 55:00 Other staff member Thomas Marsh, Chris’s son, started 2000 works skills situation, now permanent staff member particular interest in athletics track, passionate about work and weather. Cinder based grass athletics track arguably best in Australia if not worldwide. Grass good for young athletes and for rehabilitation, very forgiving unlike synthetic tracks. Many WAIS athletes train on grass — pole vaulters, Kim Mickle , javelin champion. Grass tracks labour intensive, needs continual maintenance. Cinders come from coal fire power stations, few remaining, cinders now scarce. Hard work to shovel cinders into truck for grounds. Very dirty, dusty, no masks, ear muffs or protective clothing then. Proud that track is still used. 1:00:44 END second interview Interview 3 00:00 Introduction 00:30 University sports people have priority in usage of multi sport facility. McGillivray initially an adjunct to Perry Lakes, now even closer to new athletic stadium for athletes training and rehabilitation. Successful athletes who used facility include high jumpers Alison Inverarity and Christine Stanton. Alex Parnov trains daughters [Elizabeth and Vicky]; Steve Hooker world champion pole vaulter—privilege to work with them, to be appreciated for efforts. Kim Mickle javelin thrower training for next Olympics – refreshing to see athletes humble. Once athletes appeared more aloof. Athletes now more community minded, friendly. 5:00 Late 1980s early 90s athletics track used for ultra marathons, recalls Cliff Young: These guys were just a little bit crazy in the way they would run 24 hours non stop round our athletics track. Mentions Joe Record who came to caretaker’s door looking for Vaseline for a chaffing problem from running. Different kinds of activities held on oval not usually associated with sport: weddings, funerals. Previously, held gay olympics with traditional sports as well as handbag throwing. Several held before AIDS epidemic, imaginative floats—even a mock Pope-mobile. But AIDS stopped games and though now re-instated not as joyous as before. Made life at the oval interesting. 10:00 In late 1980s, recalls wedding on sports ground. Funeral was rugby club well known identity. FESA [now DFAS] used oval for helicopter training – water placed in bath for helicopters to load from. Fire and hose drill generally done here. Chris had discretion on what events were held on oval, now OH & S concerns means closer scrutiny. Usage of grounds tightened because of its popularity. Major events include: World Golden Oldies, early 2000s, World Club Ultimate Championships, 2004, World Lacrosse, Indian Rim Asian University Games. 15:00 Chris understands Noonygar camped around Lake Claremont, Herdsman area with movement of people from one watering hole to another. Aboriginal community had curfew placed on them by City of Perth, had to return to camps by certain time in evening. Chris’s aunt, a nurse, worked infectious diseases hospital, Lemnos St , and went to camps to assist. Aboriginal people made clothes line wooden props from cut down trees and sold to households. Chris thinks this was pre Second World War. Living at McGillivray, before HBF, Challenge, stadium, nothing around area except CSIRO, Brockway tip and sewerage treatment works. Had issues with facilities – winds brought unpleasant smells. Professor Bloomfield lobbied gov to build purpose built stadium for gymnastics, basketball and others. 1991 and 1998 world swimming championships held at Superdome [HBF Stadium], Chris very involved with facilities. 20:00 University became involved with DSR [Department of Sport and Recreation] about location of new Perry Lakes and basketball stadium. Rugby WA was looking for new home. UWA Sports Grounds to provide facilities for these sports as well as centre of health and sporting excellence – original vision. Global financial crises delayed projects. Human Movement department keen to move to McGillivray. Development of clay courts, needs progressing. Seen AJ Williams pavilion built 1981, Uni hockey club building, now rugby club. University hockey club built first sand filled turf in 1989, first synthetic wet surface in early 1990s, then two more turfs laid and new clubhouse built. 2014 another second wet surface – hockey well catered for. Tennis has own club rooms, more work to be done with lighting and clay courts. With 14 clay courts able to put on major tournaments – national clay court championships for juniors, State championships and others. Sporting surfaces need replacing over time. Turf can be renovated, synthetic need replacing. Footprint of grass turf area hasn’t changed, development of synthetic surfaces changed area. 25:00 Challenge to provide top sports grounds and facilities to service sports people. Original change rooms built 1964, need improving. Chris would like to see facilities upgraded, club rooms have great potential overlooking sports grounds and towards city. Wonderful facility, opportunity for smart buildings in future. In excess of 500,000 people through grounds each year. They come for recreation, health, competitive sport, camaraderie – social interaction. Need to balance optimum use against over use. Better equipment helps, can always improve methods, still more scope to partner with elite sports clubs, with extra funds to put back into facility. Have been times when specific sports have wanted to connect with university to use facility, politics sometimes intervened. 30:00 Different university personnel has meant different emphasis. On site management during operational hours is best practice. University clubs volunteer based. Important to have customer service on site to solve problems as they happen. Sporting association used to have people working from sports park, tennis or hockey centres – worked well. Chris believes should be someone on site from 2 or 3pm to 10.30 or 11pm. Ground staff available during day with trades people available for back up. Expects bookings will go online; disadvantage is inability to pay on the day. Weekends should have someone with sports knowledge and ground management on site. 35:00 Ability to check grounds and speak to users an advantage when living on site. Still has meetings with clubs pre season to set out ground rules, clubs are also ground managers when playing – all work together to get best out of facility. 2015 is 50th anniversary of McGillivray. So far no commemoration planned. Celebration matches one suggestion. Chris believes it’s important to record and learn from history. Remembers that everything was manual in early days, important to pass on knowledge to future staff. 40:00 Personal achievements – ability to put on major events. Likes the variety at McGillivray, unlike single sport venue such as the WACA. Enjoys interaction with people. Recalls Japanese baseball team came to play WA side, were amazed to see spacious facility. Advantage of large space to be able to hold events like Uni Games. My joys have been successful events. And to have efforts acknowledged by sporting clubs. We walk away every Friday hoping we can show ourselves we have achieved something in a week. 45:00 Enjoyment from work. I feel quite privileged being in this situation. Disappointments: put everything into something but outside factors prevent completion, minor setbacks but still disappointing. Need to rise above, need resilience. Recalls meeting Jean Verscheur after many years and suggested tour of McGillivray with Friends of Grounds. 50:00 Organised morning tea in tractor shed, displayed history, toured facility. People appreciated meeting grounds staff and learning about sports facilities. Glenn Sproule, former curator of grounds was passionate, like George Munns, and had great insight into grounds, an ecologist. Would like see more education of staff about McGillivray – never been staff induction that includes McGillivray. Crawley campus academia quite insular. Chris worked 10 years on James Oval, chemistry lecturer regularly traversed Oval without noticing Chris or Oval. Many immersed in own world, don’t see anything else around. James Oval interesting time for Chris – Elton John played there 1980s. Food fights between competing faculties. Cricket Club 100 years old – Chris put together scrap book about Oval. 55:00 Hard work going from McGillivray to main campus daily. Personnel change enabled Chris to stay at McGillivray. Believes University cricket will struggle if it stays on main campus, like rugby would benefit from moving to McGillivray. 57:00 During early caretaking days, bushland setting, enjoyed walking through bush; had a resident tramp living there. Riding for the Disabled (RDA) used area for riding. Mounted police did training on grounds. Unfortunately some people escaped from Graylands Hospital and would need to be returned. Quite sad. Recently a patient ended up on shed roof, police had to coax him down. During building of Challenge Stadium discovered underground room big enough to stand full height. Walls tiled (from swimming pool tiles), had cooking utensils. Some concern from RDA people, never discovered who lived there. 1:00:00 Found marijuana growing, the odd stolen vehicle. Problems with foxes taking chickens. Their friends enjoyed visiting and being in bush setting. By 2013 area was well populated. Sporting clubs had celebrations on site. Chris continues to enjoy working, still engaged. Since leaving as caretaker, realises there is more to life than work but has also given him renewed enthusiasm. Still finds challenges. Seasonal routines though needs can change quickly—that maintains interest. Enjoys interaction with sportspeople and other users of grounds. Saw Ben Cousins work on rehabilitation, became friendly with family, helped to keep media away. McGillivray now very much media central as far as sport is concerned. 1:05:00 Good for reporters that it’s one stop shop: can find Eagles, Western Force and Perth Glory training on same day. Fun for staff. Chris thinks university could get free publicity out of regular television coverage. Still has much to offer new people coming in, would like to be involved with UWA Sport re-structuring. Doesn’t think he’s slowed down much. 1:08:00 ENDS Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1dbdb0825c43c0186a0c4235f95d8581.mp3">Marsh_Chris, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0c535505931bab4fdec2b29a50f39a3c.mp3">Marsh_Chris, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/484473f8b3e2f084db886c1b333c81c0.mp3">Marsh_Chris, Interview 3, Track 1</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chris Marsh interview, 15 July 2015, 28 July 2015, 05 August 2015 Subject The topic of the resource Other - UWA Sports Grounds Description An account of the resource McGillivray Oval in Mount Claremont, now known as UWA Sports Park , celebrates its 50th anniversary in 2015. Turf Manager Chris Marsh has worked at the grounds for 40 of those years as grounds man, curator and senior turf technician. Chris talks knowledgeably about the history of the grounds from the early twentieth century when the State government endowed the university with a a parcel of land, to the world class multi sport facility it is in 2015. The Park has sporting facilities for athletics, Australian rules football, baseball, cricket, football, hockey, rugby and tennis. It hosts national and international championships and sports carnivals as well as being home to local sporting clubs and schools. Chris talks about the improvements in turf management during his working life and the challenges of providing good playing surfaces for the increasing number of sports played year round on the oval. He provides anecdotes about the odd, unusual and amusing incidents he and his family witnessed during their years on site in the caretaker’s house. At 65 years of age, Chris still finds enjoyment and challenges in his work and appears in no hurry to retire. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marsh, Chris Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Colin Campbell-Fraser Location The location of the interview Gwelup, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour 4 minutes, 50 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 14 minutes, 50 seconds Interview 3: 1 hour, 49 minutes, 34 seconds Total: 4 hours, 9 minutes, 14 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 01:15 Track 2 00:00 Colin Stewart Campbell-Fraser born 29 October 1945 in Corrigin. Family lived at Bruce Rock until he was about 10 years old. Father PNG technical transferred to Perth and the family lived at Hobart Street, North Perth. Got Junior Certificate at Tuart Hill High School. Became a copy boy at WA Newspapers with a view to becoming an apprentice compositor. Father impressed on him the value of getting an apprenticeship. When he turned 18, he was called up to the Vietnam War but it was deferred until he finished his apprenticeship. He joined the army in 1967. WA Newspapers (WAN) was located at 162 St George’s Terrace. His job was to put the pages of the newspaper together in metal frames. The industry went through many technical changes and Cam was involved in these as a union member and shop steward and later production supervisor. The company had made up the difference between his normal pay and what the army paid him which was very generous and engendered his loyalty. Returned to WAN in 1969. 04:26 Coming back to WAN was like returning home. People didn’t move around so much in those days. Cam attended a Trades & Labour Council Conference at the age of 16. Five of the speakers told the young men in the audience that the days of a job for life were over. In time he became a floor hand then held supervisory positions in charge of shifts. There were four shifts between the Daily News and the West Australian. Staff rotated through the shifts every 3 months. When he was working as a copy boy in 1961 on the Pictorial Desk he was encouraged to do study with a view to taking a photography cadetship. He studied at Tuart Hill High School to do Leaving English but did not complete it. As a result of army service he was paid to do 1 year full time study or 2 years part-time. He went back to Leederville Tech to do his leaving and did one year of English and one year of English Literature. The following year he went to re-enrol and was advised to do a mature-aged Matriculation which could take him to university. He repeated English and did Economics which gave him entry into UWA in 1972. 10:54 He enrolled in English Literature and Politics. Bob Hetherington lectured in Politics. 1972 was the year that Labor swept into power under Gough Whitlam. He had always read at home so it wasn’t a chore to study literature. He was enthused and stimulated by the study. He was initially quite intimated by the younger students but soon realised he had life experience on his side. The lecturers and the administration staff were supportive. The hardest part was trying to balance work, study and family life. You had to enrol for a full year at UWA whereas WAIT or Curtin had a semester system. He often had to withdraw from units. 15:34 The lecturers and tutorials were generally from about 4pm. He had to learn how to use the library for research. There were other matured aged people studying particularly after 1972. They weren’t so many team projects in those days. Several mature-aged people were studying industrial relations. This led to a more collegial atmosphere. 20:40 He loved Ancient History and enjoyed studying the politics of the period and the fact that life has not changed so much in the way we organise ourselves. Industrial relations and the psychology of managing the work force were beginning to be popular. Cam learned that he was an informal leader. The impact of his studies made the newspaper realise that he had potential. Cam recalled some excellent debates with the sub editors and journalists. 25:06 Although UWA staff sympathised with his plight, the university had not formal support for part-time and/or mature aged students. He needed and welcomed the feedback that he got from the academic staff. He felt empowered as an individual whereas on the shop floor he was merely a production unit. Discussion and debate was also quite strong within the union movement. The union was a very good training ground for learning how to manage issues. The printing industry was faced with vast changes in technology. People had to transition and learn new skills. More women coming into the work force was a challenge for many! They were prepared for the technological changes as print media in other areas of the world had already gone through this. Cam was taught how to type in the army as signals officer. He found this a very useful skill when keyboarding and computers were introduced. 31:32 In 1978, the Herald newspaper in Melbourne took over WAN. People who left were not replaced and they moved from employment of journalist cadetships to graduate journalists. Many of these graduates left rather than do the mundane jobs. Cam was approached by the Editor of the Daily News, Ian Hummerston, to become a journalist. Cam negotiated that he would take a pay cut. Now he was working during daylight hours during the last 3 years of his degree. This fact assisted him to complete the degree in 1981. Cam’s wife and children and his father attended his graduation ceremony. He was presented with his degree by the Chancellor D. H. Aitken who was also Chairman of the Main Roads Department. 37:19 Cam negotiated to report as a graded journalist and the editors knew that he could write and had life experience and contacts. He started off doing general reporting. His first story was on heatwave conditions in WA. He had already learned the importance of maintaining relationships. The job was a shared experience and very immediate. 41:36 Cam covered a lot of the tax avoidance stories that were prevalent at that time. Also the garbage collectors’ strike. He did the environment round and a column called “Bird Watch” during the drought in about 1978 or 1979. His university contacts were from Murdoch or Curtin. UWA was more conservative. 45:13 After environment he did industrial relations and then was made the Daily News political reporter in about 1984 when John Arthur left for Canberra. Cam would attend the Labor Party public meetings if John was away and always covered the Trades & Labour Council meetings. John was tenacious and followed Sir Charles Court around doggedly in 1982 as he had got wind of Court’s impending retirement. His persistence led to Sir Charles Court calling him in and giving him the scoop. Court was succeeded by Ray O’Connor who was known to Cam from campaigning in East Perth and playing football for East Perth. Cam has made no secret of his political affiliations as he considers it dishonest to do so. 50:16 Politicians regularly contact journalists to present their case. The journalist must enquire beyond what is given to them. Politicians also invite the media to the opening of new infrastructure projects. In 1983, when Brian Burke was elected Premier, he established a practice of taking the Cabinet to the community and would fly them and a media contingent to places such as Albany or Kalgoorlie to hold Cabinet meetings. This was not standard practice. 53:53 Cam had his own office in WAN but in Parliament the journalists shared offices. Cam was very rarely in his office at the newspaper. He generally had about 8 assignments per day and would phone in the news from Parliament House, the Trades & Labour Centre or the Courts. 56:09 When he had “writer’s block”, he would write a human interest story. One of his first stories involved interviewing the parents of a young violinist who had died in a traffic accident. Another involved pet rocks! 60:48 The editors and sub editors would check the copy. Cam had done a bit of that occasionally as relief work and if he worked on the Saturday paper. He preferred journalism as he liked to be out of the office and meeting new people. 63:35 Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:38 Track 2 00:00 Journalist (1978-1985). While on Cam’s rounds one day he was visiting Premier Brian Burke’s press secretary, Ron Barry, who suggested that Cam work as media secretary to Peter Dowding. His fellow journalists thought he had gone over to the dark side! At his leaving party he was told he wrote without personal or political bias. 06:25 Worked closely with Peter Dowding’s private staff. Told Peter Dowding he would not lie to the media and that he required access to him as Minister whenever he needed it. Much of his work centred on industrial relations, employment and training issues. 11:05 He gave guidance to how ministers and policy officers framed things. He tried to imagine how announcements would impact on the public. There were several industrial issues at the time - strikes in the Pilbara, etc. His role was to be a sounding board and to guide and ‘protect’ the minister. Handling television media was a significant part of the role. Print, radio and TV all have a spatial context requiring a set time to get your message across. 16:28 Cam met Brian Burke at WAN. In this job he liaised with Brian Burke through his press secretaries and sometimes with him personally. Burke established a meaningful government media office. It caused better co-ordination and helped to enhance the solidarity of Cabinet but there were unscripted comments from time to time. 21:50 Cam trained the minister in how to be media savvy. Before a press conference, they would rehearse what some of the questions might be. Brian Burke understood the importance of having a Cabinet that looked presentable. Cam was responsible for Ernie Bridge when he became a Minister in 1986. He was the first Indigenous Minister and was very personable. Cam believes his contribution to UWA was to build a more responsible and flexible culture and to communicate the university’s vision. 29:56 The stock market crash of 1987 impacted on Perth, WA and on the State Government. The Rothwells rescue was put in place. Unfortunately the Government was not in full possession of the facts. Brian Burke had decided to leave in early 1988. There were four emerging leaders: Peter Dowding, Julian Grill, Bob Pearce and David Parker. 34:23 Peter Dowding’s office worked hard to make him palatable as a successor to Brian Burke. He was announced as Premier in late 1987 but was in a holding pattern until Brian Burke left in 1988. The Rothwells controversy was by then at its height and took 6 months to discover the scale of the problem. 39:41 Cam then became Press Secretary to the Premier. Brian Burke was a very hard act to follow as he was a consummate media performer. Peter Dowding was also very good with the media and a good and clear thinker. The “Dowding’s Working” campaign re launched him after about 6 months as a hard worker and a man of the people. This created a sense of change. Peter Dowding’s first budget was a social budget but they couldn’t build on it as he began to white-anted from within his own party. 45:50 In the end, Peter Dowding could not resist the internal and external campaigns against him. Premier Dowding went to the World Economic Forum in Davos in 1990 to showcase Western Australia. Politics in Europe were at a very interesting stage with the dismantling of the Berlin Wall while back in Perth the knives were out for him. 49:05 Caucus voted him out but the deal was that Carmen Lawrence would retain David Parker as Deputy Leader. Cam believes that David Parker should have been encouraged to resign so that the Lawrence Government would have some distance from WA Inc. Carmen Lawrence did not want to retain Cam as he was viewed as being too close to Peter Dowding. He worked for TAFE WA as Public Affairs Manager for about 9 months. 55:29 In late 1991, Carmen Lawrence asked Cam to be Principal Private Secretary (now called Chief of Staff) for Dr Judyth Watson. She was a new Minister who came in when Gavan Troy was sacked and her office was a mish-mash of staff from previous ministers. Her portfolio mix was all people orientated and the demands were great. There was also the wash up from Western Women and Robin Greenburgh. Other issues were Mabo, Aboriginal Deaths in Custody, Marandoo and Yakabindie. Cam had to unify the office. 1:02:26 There was a very good press report from Judith Watson’s visit to Marandoo and she won back a lot of respect in Cabinet. 1:07:12 A year later he was asked to become Director of Policy in the Office of the Premier. Cabinet was fractured due to the Penny Easton affair. Despite their best efforts the Government lost the 1993 election to Richard Court. 1:12:42 Cam could have stayed working for the incoming Government but he decided to leave. He was offered a job on the ABC working on the current affairs morning radio programme. Interview 3 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:55 Track 2 Cam was producer of the ABC morning current affairs programme from April 1993 to August 1996. At the same time, he was doing coaching work – managing leaders and senior executives for government agencies or law firms and so on. UWA approached him this way. They were at a cross roads. There had been a failed merger plan between UWA and Murdoch in 1988/89. Fay Gale had been appointed the first female Vice Chancellor. She was a strong feminist who believed in fairness and equity and she had been experiencing some hostility to her appointment and the changes that she was trying to make. At the same time, an issue known as the “Rindos affair” had split the university. UWA was getting bad press. 05:11 Alan Robson, the Deputy Vice Chancellor and Malcolm Orr, the Registrar tried to put out the fires. Cam gave some initial advice and was eventually appointed as Director of Public Affairs in 1996. The culture and management style of UWA at this time was conservative. They had no coherent strategy to deal with these sorts of problems. Cam insisted his office was separate from the Vice-Chancellery. Cam realised UWA’s culture must change and that the public and the media needed to have access to the university. 09:37 Cam decided that he was going to make internal relations more informal. There seemed to be an inability to act in a timely fashion in relation to issues and he felt that the university was operating in a cocoon. Cam encouraged the academics to co-operate and participate with the media. He made his office the first port of call for the Australian media, particularly in relation to research programmes. He used his contacts in the media and politics to enable UWA academics to take part in conferences. He did a review after 4 years and discovered that roughly 500-600 UWA staff had been quoted in the media on an annual basis. The media have space to fill and are looking for good talent. Cam was able to deliver them on time and built up a good relationship with the media. 15:20 Cam had a good PA but ran a lean office so that he was not accused of wasting university funds. When the academics realised that community service was part of being considered for promotion they were more prepared to get involved. Fay was highly respected by the women in the university as she promoted a lot of women to leadership roles. She was respected nationally and internationally. The Howard Government reduced Commonwealth funding to universities and Fay championed the importance of higher education. 20:24 The other part of Cam’s role was to revamp the outreach programme of the university – UWA Press, Extension, the museums and galleries and the Festival. He proposed that an umbrella be placed over all of these different aspects of UWA. Fay recruited Professor Margaret Seares in 1997. She was a UWA music graduate and had been head of music. She had managed the Department of Culture and the Arts in Western Australia. She was appointed Chair of the Australia Council part-time and worked for UWA part time as Executive Director, Community Relations to promote UWA’s interests. 24:06 Cam believes that the Rindos affair got out of control and that people became entrenched in their positions. He puts this down to lack of communication and unwillingness to understand the issue. It got so bad that there was an Upper House enquiry of the Legislative Council. He advised Fay Gale to tell the enquiry that as Chancellor, she was responsible for all decisions made by the university. This took the wind out of their sails to some extent. There was a headline to this effect in the West Australian. The death of David Rindos in 1996 effectively ended the controversy. 29:50 The faculties viewed the administration as becoming too big and taking over their patch. Consultation was paramount in order to make sure that everyone felt that they had some input. Committee structures needed reform as it took too long to effect changes. The inertia was also evident in other parts of the university. Alan Robson and Fay Gale had a plan to buy out senior staff and give them a good package in order that they could retire with some integrity and dignity and so that the university could bring in people with fresh ideas. Alan Robson and Fay Gale decided that UWA should aim to be one of the top 100 universities in the world by the time of the centenary in 2013 and to be within the top 50 within fifty years. 34:57 Cam was doing this job for 10 years. He then went to a 3 day week as Principal Adviser External Relations and Advocacy. Advocacy was the buzz word and he became more of a lobbyist. Fay Gale left in 1997 and Deryck Schreuder was appointed. Cam’s role was to support the Executive and give them self-belief and honest advice. Cam believes that Deryck Schreuder did not achieve as much as he wanted to at UWA as he had some personal issues – not least that his wife remained living in Sydney. Alan Robson remained as Deputy Vice Chancellor and remained responsible for the running of internal issues. 40:10 Deryck Schreuder wanted UWA to be more engaged with the community. Fay Gale did 3 significant things in her last year – she committed to the air conditioning of Winthrop Hall; she committed to building a University Club and she established the Fay Gale Scholarship for UWA staff. They appointed a Director of Management Events to help engage with the community. In 1999, the established the Parents Welcome. Another significant thing was the celebration every two years for those who had donated their mortal remains to science. This involved their relatives and the Anatomy students. 46:51 Towards the millennium, Deryck Schreuder was active on various boards and committees promoting the university nationally and internationally. On Valentine’s Day 2000 all those couples who had wedding photos taken and/or married on campus were invited back to UWA for an afternoon tea. They got a front page human interest story in The West Australian. Cam used his media background to get people to talk about the university in ways other than just about research and the students. 50:15 The 2000 Festival of Perth was one of the most significant but went over budget. Managing this was quite sensitive. Perth could have lost its Festival and the university its community outreach. It was Seán Doran first festival. The role is now split into two roles to enable the artistic director to take care of the arts side and a manager who oversees the finances. 55:40 UWA established a Clinical Evaluation Training Centre along the same lines of ones that had been established in the UK. This was opened by the Queen in about January 2000. Significant funders were introduced to the university as a result of this event. It enabled the university to extend its invitation list to all the significant people around Perth including the State Governor and the politicians. 01:01:15 More capital works followed. In 2002, Cam approved the interviews for would be Big Brother contestants to take place in Winthrop Hall. It made the university look a little less aloof. Another controversial event was the Pangaea conference in about 1999. Cam feels that universities have a role in facilitating discussion and debate – not matter how controversial – and can provide a neutral environment. 01:06:31 A key event was Alan Robson recruiting Barry Marshall back to Perth and UWA. Geoff Gallop opened the Motorola Building in 2003. This later became the Ken and Julie Michael Building . UWA internally funded the new Science Building at UWA that Geoff Gallop opened. Cam recalls when he heard through a Spanish journalist in 2005 that Barry Marshall had won the Nobel Prize. This was important for Barry Marshall and UWA. 01:15:35 Around this time, Cam did more external lobbying and attended State Political Conferences which had not been done before. Cam managed to organise a meeting with Kevin Rudd and the Senate before he was elected in 2007. When Stephen Smith became Foreign Affairs Minister he extended an invitation to the then US Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice. Cam drafted a letter for Alan Robson extending an invitation to her if she ever visited WA. She did visit UWA in 2008. 01:21:54 In this period there were great developments in fund raising and outreach. Ex-UWA students such as Kim Beazley and Carmen Lawrence have been invited back to take up positions at UWA. This adds value to the university experience. In 2014, Stephen Smith became Winthrop Professor of Law at UWA. It is important that students see high achievers whether they be politicians or business leaders as people who were once students like them. It makes them realise that they too can achieve their goals and not lose their fundamental humanity. 01:25:43 To make UWA a top university, it was necessary to elevate the status of the university and make it more well-known. It was decided that UWA should be a centre of research excellence. Cam’s role was to publicise that this was their goal and get the message across to decision makers both in Australia and overseas. Recruitment was important; it was fortunate that Barry Marshall returned to UWA just before he won a Nobel Prize. If Cam went interstate he ensured he met with education journalists in Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra and also politicians and ministers. 01:29:45 Facilities were also important. From 1997 through to about 2002, approximately $5 million was made in capital investment including the University Club, the Science Building, the Business School and new libraries. Staff and students saw the value of this. Technologies were changing. Cam made a point of introducing himself to the new Guild President each year. The student experience was key and through them the alumni. There is a cultural precinct at UWA now. The student experience is far more valuable than when Cam was at university in the 1970s. Working in PR for a university is very satisfying because it is a good product. 01:34:52 Working for UWA was similar to politics in that Cam was working for leaders and he wanted to do the best for those people. Working for UWA is slightly more complicated than working for politicians. Academic freedom is a bit different to making decisions according to the party line. Cam enjoyed working for UWA. It was a good product, with good people and a common thread of community service. The campus was inspiring and seeing young people blossom and the beauty of the grounds made working there a joy. He is appreciative of all the people he worked with and for at UWA. 01:43:20 Watching the eulogies for Gough Whitlam on television last night (21 October 2014) made him realise how visionary Gough Whitlam was. He was elected in 1972 which was Cam’s first year at UWA. Cam is concerned about the current financial situation and the lack of focus on university funding. He hopes that UWA will remain open to all sections of society. UWA is now 88th in the world and it is hoped that will get in the top 50. UWA must not shut itself off from the public but remain open and accessible. 01:48:39 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/476d6370702955b3cec104308ece09f3.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1c15c8b2f34fc55ce64c4d2e2262850f.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5fcea024b22ba2d7dfa1ade7f09f49cc.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/10cb33be9f5372a6cd79a9bcfc96cd99.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/ddb10b1877d2269eff50bcf4273b421f.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 3, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/defaf4733467562b42b38fb303a91743.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 3, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/18e4af0397a12537b976a230f7ae74c0.mp3">Campbell-Fraser, Interview 3, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colin Campbell-Fraser interview, 8 October 2014, 14 October 2014 and 22 October 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Public Affairs Description An account of the resource Colin Campbell-Fraser is a UWA Graduate and prior to taking the role of Director of Public Affairs at UWA in 1996 he enjoyed a successful career as a senior journalist, media producer and policy and media advisor to various Ministers and Premiers at a state level. Colin retired from his role as Principal Advisor for External relations at UWA in 2011 but he maintains strong links to UWA as a Member of UWA's Council of Convocation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Campbell-Fraser, Colin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Constantine Michael Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 53 minutes, 45 seconds Interview 2: 56 minutes, 24 seconds Interview 3: 43 minutes, 21 seconds Total: 2 hours, 33 minutes, 30 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00:00 Born in North Perth. Schooling modern school. University. One uni. Tech school. Perfectly adequate. Impressions of UWA. Crawley baths, aspirations. Medical school. Sponsor by legacy. 00:04:46 Family background. Living in cluster of Northbridge with Greeks and Italians. Church Community – Greek Orthodox. Language. Kailis and Kukulas families. Re family. 00:08:39 Growth of church and community. Nearest school was Highgate. Father’s experience. The Cue mining town and the First World War. Father’s poor health. Mother was the matriarch. 00:11:55 Scholarship school. Academic high level. Cohort of bright children. Len Buckeridge*. Best scientists come from Modern school. Medicine was studied in Adelaide or Melbourne medical. Medicine and the community. Community-based school. 00:16:00 Going to Adelaide. Advice to do medicine. Competition increases. The junior medical work-force from the Eastern States. 1954. Newspaper story of students away from home as promotion. Return to WA in 1958. 00:20:10 First year to receive a medical degree from UWA. Accreditation of the school by the GMC. Memories of early years of University study. Revering teachers at University. Zoology botany, chemistry and physics. Harry Waring was a fantastic entertaining Englishman. Spermatogenesis. 00:23:30 Memories of St George’s College and Chemistry and Physics. Bruce Kendall*. Law school established, as opposed to Medical school. Botany, Anatomy and Physiology in prefab huts. Will Simmons*. Fantastic pathologist Ten Seldam.* 00:28:10 Seeing changes on return. Clinical placements in Royal Perth Hospital. Perth Chest Hospital opens. Gairdner Hospital. First group to get a WA degree. Pathology and Microbiology at Royal Perth. Reputation of University of Western Australia. The Florey Institute. 00:33:00 Comparisons between Adelaide and Perth. National service. Staying at St Marks. Coming back to UWA. 00:38:30 Broader non-academic education. Established university at UWA. Colleagues and staff community. Neville Stanley was keen on cricket. Competitive law and medicine. Lovely small university. Winthrop Hall is an academic monument. 00:42:00 Facilities and resources. Learning the ropes and talking about research. MD in obstetrics and gynaecology. Researching in your own university. MDWA. Academic staff were very helpful. 1973. Doing the English degree. University College London. Famous people and true academia. 1964. Gordon King foundation professor of obstetrics and gynaecology. Senior lecturer and lecturer. Harry Reece and John Martin*. 00:47:00 Harry Reece and John Martin* mould future. John Martin offers Senior Lecturer and Associate Professor. Adjunct Professor and other titles debase the currency. Appointed the chair. 00:51:20 Impressions of UWA and its level of pre-clinical and Medical research. Professor Saint. Mary Locket* and pharmacology. Co-researching between departments. NHMRC funding. Ten Seldam.* Strong endocrinology. Roland Hanal* and Professor King. Excellent people around. Track 2 00:00:00 Returning to WA. Career decisions. Money and sterile situation. Academic university salary and recognition. Comparisons between pay and department and hours worked. Health Department recognition and clinical loading. Private practice colleagues. 00:04:05 Gordon King and John Martin, Pat Gyles – 1966. Short-staffed on return. Attitudes toward lifestyle balance. Bruce Armstrong. Training and ongoing professional interaction. Top 2% of intelligent students. 00:09:07 Mature students are very good. Research was expected of you. MD thesis. Funding depending on research. John Newnham and King Edward Memorial Hospital. Size of numbers in department. Big problem in funding. Employing people to get research done. Catch 22 situation. 00:13:10 Interest in personal career and high blood pressure and pregnancy. Professor Rosenthal and Laurie Beilin. Michael Le suoef. Collaboration and research. 00:18:20 Collaboration and RAINE study. Tracking foetuses in utero and watching them grow. Object of the RAINE study. John Newnham and the growth of the child. Ultrasound. 00:21:00 Honorary foundation fellows of the Ultra Sound Society. Looking for spina bifida and Down Syndrome. Memories of sabbatical Norman Gant Parkville hospital. University College Hospital. Students have a broad base of study. Working and clinical exposure. Genetic Ambiothesis. 00:29:44 Returning home, returning to England 1973. Ultrasound pretty crude. Doppler ultrasound. Standard practice and foetal wellbeing. John Newnham, sheep and lung function. 00:35:40 Inter-faculty interaction. Animal research beyond reproach. 00:37:00 Gordon King and RPH and teaching hospital. Neo-natal unit. Prof Hanall* laboratory and the foetus. Cinderella depot. King Edward children’s maternity hospital. Gynaecological cancer unit. Surgical facilities. Lack of an intensive care unit. KEMH should be relocated. Dangers in isolation with disease. 00:44:20 Leaving and Douglas Enquiry. Memories of John Newnham. Establishing a chair – Winthrop Professor. Reputation as foetal specialist. Women’s and children’s foundation. Endocrine research. RAINE foundation. 00:48:20 Memories of Promotion Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Head of Department in 1988. Long-term planning committee. Sydney. Lance Townsend had best departments. Geoffrey Robinson. 00:53:45 Excellence proportional to the people running the department. Best foetal med units in the country. Head of Department fighting at Faculty. Patron of the Medical Student Society. TEE. Students fall out of medicine. Track 3 00:00:00 Experience of Head of Department. Dean Stephen Swartz. An important time for the Faculty of Medicine. NHMRC funding. 00:05:50 Potential of the university. 1988 convenor of the working party to review regulations for private consultative work. Personal areas of expertise hypertension and Rhesus babies. Funding research and people and travel. 00:09:20 John Newnham complex obstetric department. Vice Chancellor’s working department. Professor Smith and the Art Gallery. Comparisons with alumni in the US. Strong alumni connections. Overseas students and the Colombo plan. 00:12:50 Administration and support. Competitiveness, funding and research. NHMRC producing money. Paul Johnson and embracing reforms. 00:16:10 Reforms vs. changes. External manager in Singapore. Attraction of students in Singapore. Maintaining interest in personal research. 00:20:10 Control the blood pressure and delivering the baby. Prevention of pre-term birth. Changes from genes to artificial conception. Senior examiner of the Australian Medical Council. 00:26:25 Concerns for UWA. Research institute and working with Notre Dame University, comparison of UWA and Notre Dame. Director and Governor of Notre Dame. 00:31:14 Medical services of St John of God. Health Care Advisor of WA Department of Health. 00:34:55 Rural community, rural health services, rural obstetrics and safety. Involvement with Beyond Blue, clinical depression, post-natal depression, depression in medical students. 00:39:17 Awards, Officer of the Order of Australia. Looking back on the experience of UWA. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e9b1c86fa09754f46d27b9ea79767e1d.mp3">Michael_Con, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/09f7fdb9aabf1b78a7cc268fbd10033c.mp3">Michael_Con, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8215ea96d09d651822fafc7839ed2bde.mp3">Michael_Con, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Constantine Michael interview, 6 November 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Medicine Description An account of the resource Professor Constantine ("Con") Michael holds a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (University of Western Australia), Doctor of Medicine (University of Western Australia) and Diploma of Diagnostic Ultrasound. At the University of Western Australia he became Lecturer in 1966, Senior Lecturer in 1967, Associate Professor in 1977, Head of Medicine from 1988-1999 and Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at from 1987-1999. Professor Michael’s research has focused extensively on hypertension in pregnant women and other areas of reproductive technology. Professor Michael was appointed to the Agency Management Committee in March 2009 as a member with expertise in health, education and training. He was reappointed in September 2012 for a period of three years. He is the Principal Adviser of Medical Workforce for the Western Australia Health Department, Consultant Medical Adviser for St John of God Health Care Inc. Professor Michael is the current Chair of the Western Australian Board of the Medical Board of Australia, Director of the Australian Medical Council, a member of various state and national medical committees and Chair of the St John of God National Ethics Committee and Chair of the Reproductive Technology Council of Western Australia. He is a Director and Governor of the University of Notre Dame Australia and Chair of its Advisory Board of the School of Medicine Fremantle. Professor Michael is also a Fellow of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (a past President) and Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London (a previous Sims Black Professor). Among his numerous awards, Professor Michael was named an Officer of the Order of Australia in 2001 for service to medicine, particularly in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology, and medical education. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Michael, Constantine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Daryl Williams Location The location of the interview Perth, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 11 minutes, 5 seconds Interview 2: 57 minutes and 52 seconds Interview 3: 49 minutes, 19 seconds Total: 2 hours, 58 minutes, 16 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:41 Daryl Robert Williams. Born 21 August 1942. Educated at Richmond State School, East Fremantle. (1948-1954). Learnt the piano from the age of 5-20. Walked to school often barefoot. Many waterside workers lived in the area and there were few children at school on the day of the Lumpers’ Picnic. Enjoyed school and sport. Very keen at mental arithmetic. Class size in Year 7 was 47 pupils. Head boy in final year at school. Enjoyed making speeches on Parents’ Night that he learned by heart. Sat for a scholarship to Perth Modern School in his final year. Was third in the State. Attended Presbyterian Sunday School 5-14. Became church organist aged 14. Travel to Perth Mod. The school had a high reputation. Boys and girls attended separate classes. The girls’ skirt lengths were inspected each morning. 07:41 The Leaving Certificate was 7 subjects. Also did one term of French and Geography until 3rd Year. Other subjects were English, German, History, Maths A, Maths B, Physics and Chemistry. Impressed by Robert Menzies and began to think about working in Government. The students were very competitive. No P&C Association. Parents invited to school only for the annual Sports Day. School captain in last year. Still friends with the other prefects. One of two students in Perth to gain 7 distinctions in 7 subjects in Leaving Certificate. Three possibilities to study at UWA – mathematics, law or medicine. Felt law would be a better route to getting into government. 15:11 Attended an orientation day. Addressed in Winthrop Hall by Professor Mervyn Austin (partly in Latin). Gained a scholarship to St Georges College. Consulted Warden Josh Reynolds (lectured in History Department). Awarded FW Simpson prize for best leaving certificate that year and also an Exhibition. Rooms in college allocated on basis of seniority. Communal bathrooms. Junior common room, tutors’ common room, impressive dining hall and chapel. Attendance at Matins and evening service not compulsory. Played organ for Matins once a week. Two resident tutors but none in law. Visiting tutor came once a week. First tutor was Alan James Barblett. Formal dinners with gowns. 1st year students initiated by 2nd years. Ponding. 25:51 Raids on other colleges – particularly on Sir Thomas More next door. St Catherine’s college for women was already established (1928). Inter college sports. Cross country run through Kings Park. Played hockey every Saturday at university and also interstate. Met future wife on inter Varsity debating trip to Brisbane. No trips in 2nd or 4th year. 28:42 Law School in prefab building adjacent to Fairway. Two lecture rooms, library and common room for Blackstone Society. Teaching not very satisfactory. Full-time lecturers supplemented by part-time legal practitioners. Frank Beasley’s last year was 1963. Eric Edwards taught evidence and criminal law. Ernest Kingston Braybrook taught torts. Ian McCall taught family law and international law. David Alan taught legal history and equity. Dai Davies taught contract and mercantile law. The part timers included Francis Burt, John Toohey, and John Wickham (Conflict). The part-timers were quite distinguished. The full time teachers deluged the students with suggested reading material. Tutorials were only before exams. Frank Beasley taught Constitutional Law. 34:27 20 units needed to complete the degree: 4 in first year and 2 arts subjects. First year more history of law. Second year to fourth year all law subjects. 5 subjects in 2nd and 3rd year and 6 subjects in final year. Designed to give a broad legal education. Second highest intake in 1960. Some people failed first year. There was no Honours year. You had to be invited to do Honours and had to do a test. DW chose contract. Oral examinations. Law Library. Lectures not recorded. There were lecture notes prepared by students in previous years. Students used notes by Malcolm McCusker and David Malcolm (both of whom graduated in the early sixties.) 44:20 Social life. Female law students. Sports Council and Guild Council. Students went to Steve’s Hotel and the Captain Stirling Hotel. Blackstone Society annual dinner. Lots of women in the Arts faculty. Students socialised at the Refectory in the Hackett Hall building. 49:19 Relationship with other Faculties. Rivalry between law and engineering. Sporting rivalry and raids. Fred Chaney kidnapped and welded to a railway line. Annual tug of war. Elected Secretary of Hockey Club. Became President of Sports Council. The President of the Sports Council was an ex officio member of the Guild Council. Became President of the Guild in 1964. The Guild ran the Guild facilities. 54:44 Being Guild President was a very responsible job. In 1964, commenced Articles, was finishing Arts degree (history and politics), was Guild President. Lived back at home in 1964. While Guild President asked by Vice Chancellor not to mention charges against German lecturer during PROSH. 59:13 Ethics taught as part of Barrister’s Board course. Law Reform Commission established in 1975. Law reform took place through the political process. Not many law reform movements in the early 1960s. It was a stable time. After the Vietnam War things changed. Law students were expected to be dressed neatly and they wore gowns to lectures. 1:02:14 Graduated in 1964. Did Articles for Downing and Downing. Found work experience taught him a lot especially in drafting documents. Supervised by Frank Downing QC. Separate Bar established in 1963 – only 3-4 members. No computers. Very old fashioned photo copier. Recommended to Downing & Downing by a previous Guild President. Applied and was accepted. Interview 2 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:30 Graduated in April 1964. Applied for Rhodes Scholarship. Candidates had to attend a dinner at Government House and a selection committee chaired by the Governor (at that time Major-General Kendrew ). Left for Oxford in August 1965 for the start of term in September. Did a post-graduate Bachelor of Civil Law degree. Did a preliminary examination after two terms. The course started in the second year. Tutored by Peter Carter. Also some lectures and seminars taken by Professor Rupert Cross and Professor Herbert Hart. The examination involved 3 compulsory subjects and 3 optional subjects. 5 out of the 19 students in the year failed. Different teaching method to UWA - read essays to the tutor and the teaching was generally one on one. The course was an intense study of limited subjects. 06:57 Lived in at Wadham College in the first year. Not as formal as St George’s. Dined in hall – ate gammon steak every week. Second year lived in a flat in town which broadened his horizons. Used college and Bodleian law library. Played some hockey in invitation matches against places such as Rugby School. Didn’t do any rowing but viewed a couple of races and did have a try at punting. Future wife, Judith, came to Oxford to work as a research associate at the Institute of Experimental Psychology in his second year. Only two examinations – the preliminary exam and the final exam at the end of the 3rd term of the second year. There were also oral examinations. 13:30 Left Oxford in about July 1967. Got straight back into doing Articles. Accepted back to Downing & Downing. Had done 18-19 months out of 24 months of required Articles. Was 5 days short of the required time so could not be called to the Bar by the Full Court in the December 1967 sittings. The next sittings were in February 1968. Admitted in Feb 1968. Married Judith in December 1967. Invited to become a junior partner in Downing & Downing on admission. Did court work, conveying, commercial and advisory work. Now there is more specialisation. The degree from Oxford taught him about legal method and analysis. 17:34 During his third year as a partner he was recruited by David Malcolm to take up a position as Counsel for the Asian Development Bank in Manila. Downing & Downing very disappointed. Left in April 1971 and started work on 1 May. Lived in ex pat villages – secured by guards. Judith was not able to work in Manila. About 35 nationalities worked at the ADB. Japan and the US were the biggest contributors. The bank loaned money to developing countries for major infrastructure projects or to create projects. Moved from being a lawyer to an operations officer for the 3rd and 4th years at the Bank 24:55 Left after 4 years but kept in touch with friends they had made in Canada, Switzerland, Finland, the US and Malaysia. Manila was full of people and vehicles. Guards and fire arms was the norm. Travelled on missions every 3-4 weeks for the bank and saw a lot of Asia. 30:09 Decided not to return to Downing & Downing and go up to the Bar [1975]. Took about 18 months to be established. The independent Bar was initially at 525 Hay Street. Later it moved to Law Chambers – this building no longer exists. In November 1992, the Bar moved to Allendale Square. Did not specialise but tended to concentrate on commercial law - contract, town planning and taxation. Had no interest in criminal, family or industrial law. 34:09 Asked to be an examiner in practice & procedure for UWA Law School. Tutored in Trusts and developed a set of tutorial subjects. Lectured in part of the taxation course – stamp duty, Commonwealth Estate Duty, Commonwealth Gift Duty and Estate Probate Duty. All these duties apart from stamp duty were abolished in the late 70s. The staff and the course structure was had changed since the early 60s. 36:43 January 1982, appointed Queen’s Counsel after 7 years at the Bar (aged 39). Queen’s Counsel appointed by the Chief Justice. Expected to be independent and learned enough in the law to take on difficult cases some needing more than one Counsel. Malcolm McCusker appointed on the same day. Difficult cases included representing West Coast Telecasters in a hearing before the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal (1984) to get a third television licence in WA. Another was the Wittenoom Asbestos test case in 1988 which went for 13 months - Heys & Barrow v CSR Limited. 40:54 President of the Law Society of Western Australia in 1984. Elected to the Law Society in about 1980, chaired various committees and was Vice President in about 1983. The President is expected to be spokesperson on every legal issue. They negotiated the purchase of a floor of a building at 68 St Georges Terrace. The premises had been in the old Supreme Court building (now the Sir Francis Burt Law Education Centre and Museum). They subsequently moved several times. The Law Society contributes submissions on legal subjects to government and was a constituent member of the Law Council of Australia and participated in doing the same thing at a Commonwealth level. It ran an education programme for lawyers and social events for members. In the mid-80s, a rift developed between the full-time staff at the Faculty of Law at UWA and the Part-time teachers who were legal practitioners. The part-time staff thought the teaching should focus more on the practice of law rather than the philosophy of a particular subject. 49:49 Was President of the Law Council from 1986-1987 and had previously represented the Law Society on these meetings of Law Societies and Bar Associations of the various States and Territories. Persuaded the executive to meet in Perth on one occasion. From then on, they decided that members must travel to interstate meetings by business class! Unlike the case in Qld, NSW and Vic, solicitors practising in Tas, SA, WA and the NT could represent their client at court. Three of the Bar Associations gave notice that they intended to leave the Law Council. Negotiated to keep them in. Changed Constitution to ensure that a barrister from one of the Bar Associations was always on the Law Council. Interview 3 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:46 Invited to become Director of the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research in 1987. He had been an early board member and was involved in setting up the organisation which at that time was called the Western Australian Institute for Child Health. It is now called ‘Telethon Kids Institute’. Professor Fiona Stanley was the inaugural director. It started off very small and has grown considerably. Extensive research is carried out into childhood diseases. Drafted the Constitution for the Friends of the Institute. Remained as a director when he was elected to Parliament but resigned in March 1996 when he was appointed Attorney-General. 05:46 In the 1970s was active in the Liberal Party and stood for pre-selection for a State seat but was unsuccessful. Later stood in an unwinnable seat and managed to increase the percentage of the vote for the Liberal Party. Did not feel it was appropriate to be active in a political party while being involved in legal politics. Later approached by Peter Shack who was going to retire from the seat of Tangney. D Williams agreed to stand and won the seat. John Hewson, then leader of the Opposition, appointed him as Shadow Attorney-General and Shadow Minister Assisting the Leader in Constitutional Reform before he had even sat in Parliament. When Alexander Downer replaced John Hewson he did not confirm his appointment. John Howard replaced Alexander Downer in 1995 and won office on 11 March 1996. John Howard appointed D Williams as Attorney General and Minister for Justice in the First Howard Ministry. Made a member of Cabinet in October 1997 retaining the position of Attorney General but losing the position of Minister for Justice. Remained in Cabinet until July 2004. For his last 10 months in Cabinet he ceased to be Attorney-General and became Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. 10:47 Alexander Downer had appointed Amanda Vanstone as Shadow Attorney General but she became Minister for Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs under John Howard. The legal profession regard the Attorney-General as being their minister and the courts regard the Attorney-General as being their promoter and protector. Mr Williams does not think the Attorney-General, being a politician, should speak for the judiciary as he is not independent of Government. The Attorney-General has a wide portfolio – he recommends Court appointments to Cabinet. The Federal Magistrate’s Court or Circuit Court was established in this time. The Administrative Appeals Tribunal also falls under this portfolio. The Attorney General is responsible for censorship and co-ordinates the states to ensure there is a uniform system. The Attorney-General is also responsible for the Australian Government Solicitor. In his time it was agreed that government departments could brief private firms to ensure competition. 16:59 National security became a very significant matter and the department grew in response to threats such as 9/11 (September 11 and the Bali Bombings (2002). Some major legislation was drafted. There is a National Security Committee of Cabinet but the opposition is regularly briefed on matters. 21:21 D Williams sought to reform the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission by changing its name and seeking to make Commissioners responsible across the board instead of just in their particular areas. This was not supported in the community. He sees the forming of the Federal Magistrate’s Court as being an important initiative. 23:57 The Attorney-General’s Department has a large staff and he found the quality of his staff to be excellent. The department was located in Barton and Comm cars were used to get to and from Parliament. At first, he stayed with family but it soon became necessary to rent a flat in Kingston. He would leave Canberra for Perth on Thursday or Friday. 29:32 Returning to Perth on the weekend, he would visit his parents and try to play hockey or tennis but had to leave for Canberra again on Sunday. He was the only person in Cabinet from WA although other Ministers came from WA. There was very little lobbying of him by the WA State Liberal Party. The travel to and from Canberra could be arduous. There was very little time to read Cabinet papers in time for the meeting on Monday so John Howard changed the meeting to Tuesday. Members were entitled to have their spouse visit up to about 9 times during the year. Parliament sits late into the evening especially on Monday and Tuesday. Qantas introduced a direct Canberra-Perth flight on Thursday night. 38:34 Members stayed in touch with their respective States and the country as a whole via a news clip service that put together portfolio collections. He visited his electorate office on a Friday or Saturday to sign mail and keep in touch with the staff. He thinks the government system works well as long as there are people with good will. He feels minor party representation make government difficult. 41:27 In about 1996/97 the Republican movement was active. Cabinet decided to hold a Constitutional Convention to discuss the idea of Australia becoming a republic. Unfortunately the Republican side could not agree on a method of electing a President. 44:00 The Attorney-General has to approve positions to be taken in important litigation which enabled him to keep abreast of what was happening in the law. There was also an intensive legislative programme. However, there was no time to read law reports and study law which made it quite challenging. When he returned to work as a QC in 2003, the way that law was practised had changed significantly in 11 years. There was much more focus on technology. There were also a lot more lawyers practising in WA. The type of legal work has widened – i.e. environmental law and planning law. 47:35 He met fellow UWA law graduates when he was practising. There was a 50th reunion of the graduates of 1964 on 31 May 2004. He maintains closer contacts with the people he was at St George’s college with. He hopes to continue to practice law for several more years. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1450645e6128ea23aed042f9928953af.mp3">Williams, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/b7326dead7b3a8a4b310c231a055a3ce.mp3">Williams, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/250b78b0681f7f34fbaf340d459b452f.mp3">Williams, Interview 3, Track 1</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Daryl Williams interview, 20 August 2014, 26 August 2014 and 1 September 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Law Description An account of the resource Williams was born in East Fremantle, Western Australia, and was educated at the University of Western Australia and Wadham College, Oxford, where he was a Rhodes Scholar in 1965. In 1968, Williams started work as a barrister. In 1971, he became counsel for the Asian Development Bank. However, four years later, he returned to practising law on his own. He was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1982, and became a Member of the Order of Australia in 1989. Williams continued to practise law until his election to Parliament in 1993. Williams was briefly a member of the Opposition Shadow Ministry in 1994, serving as Shadow Attorney-General and Shadow Minister Assisting the Leader of the Opposition on Constitutional Reform. In 1996, when the Liberals won office, he was appointed to the Cabinet as Attorney-General. He served in this capacity until 2003. Williams was also Minister for Justice for a period in 1996–97. He had also attended the 1998 Constitutional Convention as a parliamentary delegate. After the Liberal ministerial shakeup of 2003, Williams was appointed Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. In April 2004, he announced he would not be contesting the 2004 election. He stood down from the ministry in July 2004. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Williams, Daryl Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Bannister, John Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Andrich, David Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 52 minutes, 1 second Interview 2: 54 minutes, 58 seconds interview 3: 53 minutes, 54 seconds Total: 2 hours, 40 minutes, 53 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 Memories of childhood education and university studies. Atmosphere of UWA and friendships. 00:09:27 Thoughts of becoming a teacher. Bonded to the Education Department. Studying 3 years and a Dip Ed. 00:11:50 Sense of community at UWA. University as full time work - a social scene and a study experience. Memories of Prosh. Methods of teaching, study and collaborative learning. 00:17:05 Changes to the system of university life. Employment and the university term. 00:25:10 Inspirational people. Comparisons to Oxford and Cambridge. 00:34:10 Sabbatical system. Memories of leisurely atmosphere on joining staff in 1968. 00:43:04 Emphasis on research at UWA. Political machinations of university administration. Interview 2 00:00:00 The running of the University overall. Expansion of the 50s-70s. Research culture. 00:09:00 The centre of academic excellence in the state. Promoting the university. 00:16:00 The community and lifestyle at UWA. Creative and academic freedom. 00:20:09 Bureaucracy and the staff student relation. Industrialisation of University. 00:30:00 Variable and the Rasch Model. Findings and views of the enterprise. 00:38:53 PhD. Internationalsing. Research funds. 00:49:00 Competition and inventiveness. Globalisation of universities and competition on a local and international scale. Interview 3 00:00:00 Travel insights. 00:05:36 Health and educational assessment of writing in Australia. 00:10:00 Second example of travel insight. Waiting for a train. Department of marketing. 00:15:02 Understanding the Rasch Model. Outlining work experiences. 00:22:36 Defensiveness in the academic world and the ordered categories. Sociology of knowledge. 00:32:40 Philosophy and sociology of science and measurement. Changes in dynamics between teachers and students. 00:37:10 Student client relationship. Objectifying the experience of study. Online lectures and learning. University has become more industrialised. Fees and opportunity costs. 00:40:09 Elevated consciousness of teaching and of research output. University rankings and research. 00:45:27 Personal role at UWA today, reflecting on UWA experience. 00:53:53 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/f7ecf61b4a45cf0ad877994ebf7411e2.mp3">Andrich, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5c02886a5d4500d7bf52060de579c008.mp3">Andrich, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0e46182c048c8d9d7faef2e7062f525c.mp3">Andrich, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource David Andrich interview, 31 July 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Education Description An account of the resource This is an interview with Professor David Andrich. Born in Midland he became a student at the University, bonded to the Department of Education to study teaching. After completing his degree he taught in public schools before returning to the university as a lecturer. He talks of the fond memories that he has of the university from his student days and recalls the sense of community that he enjoyed as a member of staff. He looks back at the way in which teaching and research has been altered by changing work and administration loads while outlining the privilege of his career at the university. Professor Andrich has expertise in measurement and standards and is a world renowned education expert. He talks at length of his extensive research and work in the area of Statistics and testing models and discusses a number of his publications in these areas. He focuses particularly on his study and work with the Rasch Model outlining its use in a number of areas of statistical research. He has conducted research at state and national level in certification and selection into tertiary education. He has been Chapple Professor of Education at The University of Western Australia since 2007. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Andrich, David Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 31 July 2012 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder: University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral history Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed David Lindsay Location The location of the interview Perth, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 50 minutes, 19 seconds Interview 2: 45 minutes, 5 seconds Interview 3: 44 minutes, 58 seconds Total: 2 hours, 20 minutes, 22 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1 00:00:00 Introduction. David Lindsay NSW background information. Early studies. Gaining the position at University of Western Australia. Farming in Western Australia is not an easy task. Interaction between farmers and scientists. 00:07:08 Land clearing in 1965-6. Mandate of improving the reproductive rate of sheep. Glut of sheep in Western Australia in 1969. Science and farm problems. Funding. World reputation. Dairy farmer’s boy. Becoming a sheep person. Science has nothing to offer the sheep industry. Changes in attitude. 00:12:05 University and specialist wool degrees. Funding has diminished. Mining boom in WA. Importance of sheep in the economy of Australia. A dying industry. Recognized for work in the industry. 00:17:15 Changes in the wool industry. Interactions with people in the industry. Genetics and improvements. Hybrid corn. Improvements in dairy cattle. Plotting wool improvements since the 1940s. Hobby farm. 00:22:09 Industry hasn’t changed a lot. Reputation of University of Western Australia in the 1960s. Eric Underwood and Reg Moir. Moir’s instructions to Lindsay. In touch with students. Meeting former students. Impressions of Reg Moir. Moir’s influence on students. His exploding sheep. 00:35:01 Facilities available in the late 1960s. Memories of the south of Myers Street. George Munns gardener. Sheep grazing on the campus grounds. Western Australia a fantastic place for an agricultural scientist to practice work. University of Western Australia was a family thing. Clubs. Women and the era of equality. The wives club. Signing a contract to do a sabbatical. 00:43:49 Memories and benefits of sabbatical 1973. International relationships resulting from sabbatical. Dominique Blache and Pascal Poindron and the writing of book on Scientific Writing guide. Publications around. Interview 2 00:00:00 Further experiences at the isolated University. Alan Robson. Doing a good job on your own patch. Becoming internationally known, Reproduction in sheep at University of Western Australia more advanced than that known in medical field in humans. Experiments conducted on sheep. Scientific knowledge spans boundaries of other disciplines. Fees and quality of students. Degrees a privilege or a right. 00:06:27 Graduation and failure rates over the years. Postgraduates and undergraduates and time for thinking. The client or the student. Student attendance at lectures. Technology and the community of learning. 00:14:24 Thoughts of agriculture department at campus at McGillivray. Giving lectures and presenting information to students. SPOT tests. Popular lecturers. Delivering huge amounts of information. Lecture examples at the University of Glasgow. Reshaping lectures and the facilities available. Advancements in technology and power point and online lectures. The role of a lecturer. 00:25:16 Success of lectures. Example of Reg Moir and his lecture procedure. Memories of Reg’s teaching technique. Time for thought. Bureaucratising process of the University of Western Australia. Research and communication. Story of Reg Moir’s cow pat. 00:33:50 Old university and insightful research and achievements. Increasing the fertility of ewes and rams. Survival of lambs. Making a ewe into a mother. Experiments on Oxytocins in the sheep’s brain. Experiments in agriculture department and outcomes for the knowledge of human birthing. 00:41:01 Story of the escaped steer at University of Western Australia. Cowboys at the showgrounds rustle the steer. Interview 3 00:00:00 Mysterious bones found on the site works for human movement. Terrible burial practices. Arranging disposal of burial of animals at the tip. 00:04:40 Impressions of God Vice-Chancellors. Alan Robson Vice and Deputy Chancellor. The altering of the management of the university. The Catholic Church and the University still survive. Admissions committee TISC. The success of promotion and advertising of university. Quality of students. Competitive spirit and bidding for students. University of Western Australia's ranking in the Shanghai index. 00:14:25 University of Western Australia's position within Universities in the state. Amalgamation a great idea. Benefits of amalgamation of Departments of agriculture. Waste of resources for 5 universities in the population of Perth. The international student. Capitalising on the hunger of south East Asia. Intellectual property going overseas and the commercial nature of student intake. 00:21:15 Agricultural Hall of Fame. Discussion of the fodder shrub Tagasaste. Sir James McCusker. Tree lucerne and Martindale foundation. Experimentation and research into tagasaste. Popularity of tagasaste to cattle. 00:27:07 Chairing the Lindsay review of the quarantine system. Allowing some kind of control of the system. Fascinating involvements in quarantine. Foot and mouth and other diseases. Poultry and bird control and estimates. Recommendations made. User pays system. Usable system and changes to the system. Reviews to the Lindsay review. Government support. 00:35:05 Teaching others to write scientific papers. Becoming Dean. Importance of writing to scientists and science. Writing the book a Guide to Scientific Writing. French connection and INRA. Undertaking courses internationally. 00:40:21 Hugh Hardy and work for the benefit of rural and agricultural industry of WA. Hall of Fame. Tests for agriculture in Western Australia. WA burgeoning agriculturally. Looking back at time at University of Western Australia – linking agriculture to science. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e55b4658d02c2910cba8e7fe1a31100e.mp3">Lindsay_David, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/18f80bd398cd1172c0358fa830d8aacf.mp3">Lindsay_David, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/7b8b572cb066d06e535ec246ac97662f.mp3">Lindsay_David, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource David Lindsay interview, 12 June 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Agriculture Description An account of the resource Emeritus Professor David Lindsay talks of his 33 year career as teacher and researcher at the University of Western Australia Department of Agriculture. He was also Dean of Agriculture and Professor of Animal Science. During the interview Lindsay discusses many aspects of his career in the area of agriculture and his work at the University of WA. He outlines the situation he faced on coming to Western Australia in 1968 and how he saw the state as a huge rural laboratory. He recalls numerous pioneering areas of animal, and plant research in which he was involved at the university that were of benefit other fields of study and the wider rural world community. Instrumental in leading research into the fodder shrub Tagasaste, his work has helped to rejuvenate thousands of hectares of infertile sands in the West Midlands. He speaks of the important people associated with the University and the Department of Agriculture. He talks of the sense of community and the staff/student relationship he experienced during his time at UWA outlining how he has seen this change over time. He looks at the interaction between universities in Perth and UWA’s rating on a national and world stage. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lindsay, David Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview John Bannister Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed David Plowman Location The location of the interview Perth, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 46 minutes, 53 seconds Interview 2: 47 minutes, 4 seconds Interview 3: 46 minutes, 53 seconds Total: 2 hours, 20 minutes, 50 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Track 1 00:00:00 David Henry John Plowman, born Malta 1942. Background history. Father a teacher. Institutionalised as a child. Coming to Australia. Child migrants. Memories of Tardun and becoming a teacher. 00:03:45 Coming to work and study at University. Arts and Economics degree. Honours and scholar at MA. Memories of the university. Student dynamic. Science of opportunity. Business degree. Significant changes. Industrial relations. 00:07:50 Memories of the mature age student experience. Love for industrial relations. Des Oxnam. Worst lecturer ever experienced. Master’s in Industrial Relations. 00:10:00 Facilities available and disciplined experience. Life in the broad for average student. Lectured by people who are not able to teach. Interesting brilliant blind lecturer Arnold Cook. Reg Appleyard leading professor. Young economists. Indian lecturers. 00:14:00 Atmosphere. Murdoch University. Isolation and the department of economics. Enrolling in honours. Getting first class honours. Eclectic range of things you could do. Micro and macro economics. Course structure. Bachelor of economics. Significant developments. Commerce and economics. Commerce more fragmented. 00:20:50 Physical changes and different buildings. Economics was in the Winthrop tower. Cinderella unit. Comparisons with UWA and Melbourne. Isolation is a benefit to education. University of South Australia. University of New South Wales. Call to come back home. 00:25:00 Comments on University of WA. Isolation. Reputation. Relationships kept up. The small university. Development of personal career. Industrial relations a growing area of study in the 1970s. 00:30:20 Prolific publication. John Nolan Foundation Chair and Dean. Successor. Setting out to make changes. Employment relations. Human Resource Management. Strikes and human industrial relations. Human resources could be whatever you wanted it to be. Growth of the course. Exciting institution. Achievements. 00:34:15 Human resources and the growth of Industrial Relations during the 1970s. Writing the first text book with Steve Deery. Putting on more units as the student numbers grow. Crossing boundaries at the University. 00:37:45 The bubble bursts with Whitlam. Protected economy and tariffs. Unions and managers. Employers and unions and civil action. National prizes. Employment relations. Coming home in 1993. Significant changes. Australian industrial relations. Led from Melbourne and Sydney. Reputation of UWA. 00:43:20 UWA existing rather than flourishing. Economics makes the decisions. John Nobby and the Scottish study. Researching and unfortunate disconnect. Shaking the system along in a non-vibrant situation. Track 2 00:00:00 Memories of 1993 Director of the school of management. Roy Lourens. Being interviewed for the position. Concerns of the university. Curtin, ECU and Murdoch. MBA. Graduate schools of management. Remit and student numbers. Engaging with the business community. Underfunded by the University. 00:05:30 Problems associated with the running of the school. Parking problems. Frustrations experienced. Memories of the Graduate School of Management. Charging fees. Fragmentation of economics. New departments created. Department of Information and Marketing, Department of Organisational and Labour Studies. Budgetary lines. University an unhappy camp. 00:10:33 Resentment of the Graduate School of Management. Entrepreneurialism works against school. Aims for change and direction. Marketing. The articulated sequence of graduation. MBA a first degree. Restrictions and going overseas. Singapore, Indonesia and Shanghai. 00:14:40 Network creations across Australia. Lack of credits from UWA. Universal recognition of the MBA degrees. Research and recruiting. Doctorate of Business Administration. The guru from the east. 00:17:10 Internationalisation and the big achievements. Opportunity. Mature age. Off-shore orientation. People around the world know of UWA. Concerns over student numbers. Repositioning and restructuring. Picture of UWA with other universities. Don’t take opposition for granted. Curtin and its reputation and transformation. Status. 00:22:40 Comparisons with Curtin – a top institution. Two institutions with different philosophies and competitiveness. Internationalisation of UWA. Travelling overseas and spending time in Singapore. Progress and turnaround. 00:27:30 Growth over the last twenty years. Policy of no growth. Alan Robson. Population and the loss of the students. Increase and diverse students. Buildings the architectural statements. 00:30:50 Community and interfaculty relations. Chairman of the Academic Board. Budget and equality for faculties and departments. Good will of deans. Important people. Memories of Robson and Fay Gale. Paradox of Alan Robson. Loss of respect. 00:37:00 1995 Finance and empowerment. Legal nicety and investment. Significant returns and negative income. Distribution of funds. Large teaching faculties suffer. 00:41:20 Research for betterment of University. Lip service for teaching function of the university. Future framework. Ready for the centenary. When was the university started? What will the courses be like? Course structures. Community involvement. Implementations of ideas and range of courses. Significant changes. Cycle one and two. Future Framework Implementation Committee hardly ever meets. The overseer and less hands-on. Track 3 00:00:00 Publications, research and the University in the community. Kierath and wages of the poor. Set minimum wage for the state. Eclectic research. Asian business development. Published in the area of Public relations. Setting a minimum – Justice Higgins. Reasonable living conditions and the family wage. 0:05:24 ABS and consumer index. Restructuring an index. Wages in Western Australia. Chair a number of reviews. School for women’s health and sport science. Way of problems coming to the fore. Fascinating way to learn about the university. 00:09:33 Large number of senior appointments. Ad hoc senate member. Medicine. Seeing the university changing. Interfaculty relationships. So many heads at the University. Working for the Chancellery for new courses. 00:14:07 Seeing the direction of the University. Significant leaps and bounds. Current position of the University. Institution as a whole has a lot of pluses. Unravelling the index of university rating system. Good teaching research and integration in the community. 00:19:40 Money and rating as a teaching institution. Narrow basis for rating. Myopic university. External involvement with child migrants and CBERS. Maltese child migrant. Discussing the child migrant system. 00:25:30 Legacy of being a migrant. Margaret Humphreys Trust. CBERS try to bring about remedies. Decision making. Child migrants of Malta. 00:28:30 Exposing this and that. Pay outs for Tardun and Clontarf boys. Getting an apology. Catholic Church. Legal action and redress. Apology is a powerful thing. Girls and boy child migrants. Statues. 00:34:33 Order of Australia and other awards. Fellow Australian institute of Management Senior honorary fellow of Corporate Directors Association of Australia. Helping development of countries. Nominated for awards. 00:39:10 Students then and now. Numbers grow. Students were a lot more carefree. Debating use of technologies. Lectures taped and made available. Different environment. Colombo Plan. Students from all over the world. Staff from overseas. Internationalisation and isolation of university. 00:45:00 Students and electronic technology. Recreation side pushed out of the university. Pressure on staff and students. A fortunate life. Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/8ec1a6de2e4da871abf53834dcab396c.mp3">Plowman, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1442dfedaa4142d3112cacab3d838e86.mp3">Plowman, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/4691114cc12b691380d623b464ea8339.mp3">Plowman, Interview 1, Track 3</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource David Plowman interview, 4 September 2012 Subject The topic of the resource Management Description An account of the resource Winthrop Professor David Plowman (1942-2013) was Foundation Director of the Graduate School of Management at UWA from 1993. During the interview he discusses his experiences of studying at UWA before studying in Melbourne. He talks of the development of his career and work at the University of New South Wales, and about of his return to Western Australia to take on the role of Foundation Professor at the university. He relates his extensive involvement in the fields of Industrial Relations and Organisational Behaviour. Plowman took on numerous roles at the University of Western Australia including Director of Postgraduate Programs in the UWA Business School and Chair of the Academic Board. He was also a member of the Future Framework Implementation Committee and a member of the Board of Coursework Studies. He speaks at length of the current and future path of the university. He outlines the great changes that he has experienced at the University and reflects on both the positive and negative aspects associated with the University’s development and current world ranking. A child migrant from Malta, David Plowman was awarded the Order of Australia Medal for his work with the community and the migrant population. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Plowman, David Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed David Robinson Location The location of the interview Claremont, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 1 hour, 3 minutes, 52 seconds Interview 2: 1 hour, 34 seconds Interview 3: 52 minutes, 14 seconds Total: 2 hours, 56 minutes, 40 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1: Wednesday 7 May 2014 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:53 Track 2 00:00 David Andrew Robinson was born in Mildura, Victoria in 1926. In between going to school in Mildura, he had lived for 10 years in Yallourn, Gippsland. Dave’s father was a builder and his mother was a tailoress in Scotland. She migrated to Victoria in 1922. Dave’s father had fought in WW1. At aged 74 he enlisted to fight in WW2 and was injured. He died of blood poisoning as a result of injuries he received. Dave’s mother was a staunch Presbyterian and he attended church with her. Dave’s father was a Methodist but became disillusioned with the church. Dave left school at the end of Year 10 and worked. During the Second World War he joined the RAAF having been in the Air Cadets. When the war in Europe ended he transferred to the army and worked as a navigator on an army boat. He left the army in 1946 and was eligible for a government grant for education. He returned to Mildura High School and got his adult matriculation. He then attended Melbourne University and did an arts degree. By this time he had been accepted as a possible candidate for the Presbyterian Ministry and lived at Ormond College as a student for the Ministry. He finished the arts degree and left to work for a while. Later he returned to Melbourne University and did another degree. He married Lucie and in 1956 was appointed to Pinnaroo situated in Murrayville Parish (on the Mallee in Victoria). They stayed here for 4 years and then returned to Melbourne. In Melbourne, Dave became Secretary of the Victorian Council of Churches. 05:08 In 1962, he decided to look for something different and was appointed to the Parish of Elizabeth, north of Adelaide where they stayed for 8 years. Elizabeth was a hard place to live and was full of migrants from the UK attracted to the Holden factory. Dave and a couple of other ministers started the Elizabeth Counselling Centre dispensing advice including financial advice. As a result of the counselling services Dave applied for a scholarship and was accepted to Princeton University in New Jersey where he did a Masters’ degree in pastoral counselling. By this time, they had 4 children and so although he could have stayed on in the USA, the family wanted to return to Australia and in any case Dave was still officially attached to the Parish in Elizabeth. It was non directive counselling and involved going to lectures and working in a mental hospital and visiting a place that rehabilitated drug addicts and the like. When Dave returned to Elizabeth he ran courses for people in the Counselling Centre. Not long after his return the Government decided that they would pay for a full-time director who had to be a qualified social worker. This set him free to consider other possibilities. He saw an advertisement in the Adelaide Advertiser for a Principal for a college in Western Australia that was not yet built. He wrote and expressed his interest in the position. 09:36 To his surprise he was telephoned and asked to come to Perth with his wife flying first class. About 80 people had applied from all over Australia and overseas. Stanley Prescott, the Vice Chancellor at UWA at the time was on the Committee and Dave had had a run-in with him when he was Master of Ormond College. He was offered the position but couldn’t decide. He returned to Elizabeth and was dithering for a couple of months before deciding to accept. The children were not happy about this decision as they did not want to leave their friends. They drove over with their dog and four children. It was a big adventure. Sir Ronald Wilson was on the committee who Dave had had contact with before and he thinks that Ron tipped the balance. The Committee wanted to know his experience and educational background but did not ask much more than that. Dave was introduced to the Committee individually rather than collectively and does not remember a panel interview with a high powered selection committee. 14:47 The family arrived in September 1970. It seemed a long way from Adelaide. The house that should have been built for the Master was not ready but they were accommodated in a house in Tyrell Street, Nedlands. The older boy attended Hollywood High School and the younger ones Nedlands Primary School. Dave’s duties were to ‘manage’ the college. This included managing the completion of the project in time to admit their first residential students in February 1971. He had to supervise the building project and purchase bedding, furniture and furnishing and develop the grounds. Marion Blackwell was the landscape architect. They built a squash court in conjunction with St Catherine’s College but Dave was unwilling to replicate sporting facilities that were already on the UWA campus such as tennis courts. There was a question of cost overrun with the architects but Dave was fortunate that there were people on the committee who had expertise in this area, such as John Rawlinson who was a quantity surveyor. Other people on the Council were lawyers. There were 12 people on the Provisional Council who are now all deceased. Dave had to meet with them regularly before the opening of the college. After the college was opened, he met monthly with them. The Council determined policy but they would not interfere with the management. For example, they determined the percentage of overseas students to be accommodated. 23:47 In the sixties, when the college was planned, it had been thought that it would be male only. This decision was reversed very quickly. At that time, St Catherine’s was women only. This has recently changed. Kingswood, St Thomas Moore and St George’s were all men. Currie Hall (now University Hall) was mixed. These are all co-ed now but it was a new thing in the 1970s. The Principal of Kingswood was very against co-ed and felt that the students were more interested in co-habitation. Many students moved from Kingswood to St Columba in the early years. Kingswood was a Methodist college and did not tolerate alcohol. St Columba encouraged their residents to drink responsibly and not get drunk. Dave met the other college principals from UWA colleges. He also attended the national conference in Queensland in the first year he was Master to get ideas. In 1977, the Council paid for Dave and Lucie to go and look at colleges all around the world. He was awarded 3 months leave every 7 years but the job demands were 24/7 during term time. 27:47 The college was named Saint Columba after an Irish priest scholar who brought Christianity to Scotland. Dave had no part in the naming of the college but he did have input into the naming of the wings which were named after places that St Columba had been – Iona, Durrow and Derry. In the foyer was a piece of rock from Iona Abbey that had been acquired by one of their members and brought back from Scotland. The college was a joint foundation of the Presbyterian and Congregational Churches. Trinity Church in Perth was a major benefactor. The colleges were not funded by UWA – they merely made the land available as a gift. When St Columba built a library to house theological books for their theology students some people objected to it. Dave and Ron Wilson went to see the then Vice Chancellor and Ron Wilson said that if St Columba could not have their library then Sir Thomas Moore College should not have a parish church on their grounds. The objection miraculously disappeared! Founding of colleges separate from the universities is a tradition going back to Oxford and Cambridge. Nowadays the Federal Government is giving money to the university colleges to enable them to increase their accommodation. Trinity did not accept the offer but University Hall has almost doubled in size. UWA is quite concerned about student accommodation in the area. 3-4,000 students are resident in UWA university colleges. St Catherine’s college is rebuilding at the back to house extra students (including males). The university had a member of the Council of St Columba but that was the only connection. They had no power over the Council or over the Principal of the College. People from the university were invited to speak to the students and/or come for a meal. Many of the tutoring staff was involved at UWA. 34:07 If there was any shortfall in funding, it fell to the college to deal with it. At one stage that had to install fire alarms throughout the college. Luckily, St Columba was never short of money. By the end of the third year, Dave was investing their free money in funds at 17% interest in order to build up their reserves. When he left in 1985, the college would have had about $2 million in the bank. One of the members of the Council was Sir Cyril Bird from Bird & Son accountants. He told Dave he had to take into account future earnings and expenditure in his budgeting. Dave bought a computer so that he could do this work. They had a Bursar who kept the books and kept track on fee payments. The administration staff comprised 3 people – Dave, the Bursar and an office worker. There was also domestic staff, catering staff and a groundsman. Dave used to save money by doing DIY on electrical work and plumbing. He enjoyed the practical work. The students paid $25 a week for their accommodation and three meals in 1971. The college was used in vacation time which also provided them with extra revenue. College fees are now about $16,000 a year. The facilities in colleges now are akin to a 5 star hotel! Every room has its own telephone and refrigerator. In Dave’s time, they merely had tea rooms on each floor. Argyle Wing was opened in 1974, there were self-catering facilities included. Students did not have to pay as much if they cooked their own meals. However, there was no system in place to stop them using the dining room. It was an honour system. Another block was built at the back of the college for visitors. It contained four flats and was another revenue raising exercise. 41:06 Each wing had a place where people could put their own food. The students had an input into how the college was run via the college forum. They would make recommendations to the Council. There were also student reps on the Council. The Council set the policy but the everyday rules were left to the Principal. In those days it was quite easy to get into the college. Today the property is fenced off and you require a code to access the security door. The students had keys to their rooms but not to the front door. There were thefts in Dave’s day as well. Bicycles in particular were always being stolen. The college had a general insurance policy to cover fire, theft and storm damage. In the 1970s, people didn’t worry about having their doors locked. 44:46 There was an initiation incident at St George’s College where a student died from pneumonia from being pushed into the pool. Another time, the girls from St Catherine’s blew up the pool at St George’s College. Dave decided that these would be banned at St Columba College. St Columba had a welcoming night which was an information evening with a BBQ and the new students were matched up with a ‘buddy’ from among the resident students. He did not tolerate bullying or racism. Generally residents who had come from single sex private schools had the most difficulty in fitting into college life and were also more likely to form cliques. Some Australian students were unpleasant towards Asian students but this was by and large quite rare. The first college President, Mr Melville George, was African. 50:14 As well as the socialisation, the students had to learn the practicalities of living away from home. There was a laundry with a bank of washing machines they used 20 cent pieces. All the rooms had balconies. The bedrooms were quite large and contained built in wardrobes, a desk, a chair and book cases. The builders designed the bedrooms to be cell like and encourage study in contrast to the public areas like the dining room which were very open. Dave had no input into the design because two of the blocks were completed when he arrived. The dining room had a gallery upstairs like a medieval banqueting hall. They often had entertainment during the meal. This was apart from when they had dances. 54:14 It was decided quite early on by the students that gowns need not be worn to meals. The people on the Council used the Oxbridge model for how the college functioned. Dave considers St Columba to be better than this especially as they used round tables in the dining room and not long refectory tables. There was a formal meal 4 nights a week. This was gradually reduced to 3 times a week and later to once a week. A formal meal required that all the students attend at the one time, grace would be said and a group would be invited to have a sherry before the meal. There would usually be a speaker. One time an American psychologist addressed the students and said she thought the food was terrible. Dave realised afterwards that this was one of the medical students dressed up as a woman! It was good hearted fun. Dave did not have to eat with the students every night and he had a deputy who could stand in for him in any event. 58:26 There were very few expectations placed on Dave. Some of the staff expected him to intervene and chastise the students especially in cases where students were sleeping with each other. One time a farmer caused a fuss because his daughter’s bedroom was next to the tutor’s room which was joined by a balcony. There were letters in the newspaper about standards when it was realised that the college was going to be co-ed. The students were told to be careful of forming exclusive relationships when college should be a time to make many friends. Dave officiated at lots of college weddings which took place after they had left college apart from cases where the girl got pregnant. The college did not provide sex education but they did have speakers who talked about relationships. 1:02:59 Interview 2: Wednesday 14 May 2014 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:34 Track 2 00:00 The Lodge was late being completed as the foundations had to be raised. The family did not move in until Christmas Day but there was no power and they had to run a power cord into the college. They remained in the lodge until the appointment of a Deputy in 1974. The Deputy Principal, Reverend Ken Melville, moved into the old lodge and Dave and his family moved into the new lodge that was built alongside. There was plenty of room. Students sometimes stayed there. It had 5 bedrooms as each of their four children (John, Annette, Margaret and Andrew) had their own rooms. There was a bathroom upstairs and a bathroom downstairs and a study so it was a substantial house. The dog, Sandy, came too and would beg for scraps from the college kitchen and attend lectures with Dave’s wife, Lucie, on campus at UWA! The Deputy Principal brought their dog across from Melbourne with his family. He was an Irish setter and one day came straight through Dave’s fly wire door. 03:25 The Deputy Principal was part-time and taught at Scotch College. He provided back up if Dave had to leave the premises. Running the college was a 24 hour day, 7 day a week job. A member of staff was rostered on at night in case something happened. Nowadays all of the colleges employ security officers to protect the students and the property. Sometimes things were stolen, such as arm chairs. Bicycles were always being stolen, sometimes en masse, necessitating the erection of a bike shed. 06:20 Initially the site consisted of an admin block leading the dining room and 3 wings, Iona, Durrow and Derry, which were L-shaped residential wings catering for 120-130 students and staff. In 1974, Argyle Wing was built as well as a tutorial room and library. Initially the site was fairly bare. It was close to Kings Park but not adjacent to it. 08:29 Tutors were employed to give the students extra tuition. There were senior tutors female and male plus others who were studying for PhDs. One was a registrar at St Charles Gairdner Hospital. This was quite an incentive and was based on the Oxbridge system. They also exercised a disciplinary role being resident. A tutor was on duty every night on a roster system in case of any other problems. They assisted to integrate students in the transition stage from school to university. The university drop-out rate for students in first year was about 30%. Anybody could apply to do medicine. It wasn’t as competitive to get into courses. Some students from Curtin were also accommodated – perhaps 6 over the time Dave was there. The college was there to meet students’ needs. They did not discriminate between ECU and UWA. Most of the tutors were connected to UWA. Some of the tutors were mature aged. There would be staff meetings every week of the tutors with Dave. Sometimes they shared tutors with Kingswood College and St Catherine’s. There was a Heads of College Association. 19:08 Parents would be more inclined to pay the fees if they thought the college employed good tutors. Parents also got some comfort from the fact that the students were “looked after” in college. The Principal would assist if the students had a car accident or a medical condition. Some of the residents were younger than 18 and they had to ensure that they weren’t drinking alcohol. Dave’s wife, Lucie, did not intrude into the working life of the college as she was teaching full-time but she did help out where necessary. For some time they had a Japanese girl staying with them while she waiting for a place in college but didn’t want to move out. They also took care of a boy who was sick rather than have him isolated in his room in college. Every week, batches of 6 students would come over for coffee with the family. Dave wanted to create a community atmosphere. This was obviously successful as students from other colleges wanted to jump ship and change over into St Columba. It had a reputation as being a friendly and egalitarian. 27:52 It was important that the students knuckle down and pass their exams when they got into college. They had to apply in writing and an interview. The whole of January was spent interviewing people. Dave wanted to know the needs basis – i.e. why they were applying to come into college. They decided to take a proportion of overseas students. They then wanted to refer their friends. It was often a case of first in, best dressed. Dave did all the interviewing himself. This is now a full-time job at colleges. Dave felt that it was important to know all the students. Very few people had to be asked to leave but there was one occasion when a girl was asked to leave college as she was causing problems amongst the other residents. If they failed their exams they were not normally allowed back into college. Dave often intervened to help the students rather like a father figure and tried to accommodate difficult situations. 37:10 Students could get a Commonwealth scholarship if they were doing some work. Some of the students found work in the college helping in the kitchen or the garden but they weren’t being paid the full wage as they were only working part-time. In some colleges it was compulsory to do a couple of hours work around the college. On returning to college, you got points for passing exams. You also got points for seniority. This enabled some second and third year students to get priority and request their own rooms. Some students helped the college community by working for the College Club. The students paid money into the club and the club arranged dances and sporting events. Some of them represented the students on the College Council. Some of them got together and went on vacation together. Many of them formed alliances and relationships. 44:14 The cleaners cleaned the rooms but did not make the beds. One cleaning person worked on each wing and they were supervised. They related very well to the students. The staff stayed a long time. One lady employed in the dining room was employed in 1971 and only left in 2013! There was only one gardener/handyman so Dave helped out and cut the grass on weekends. One supervisor was asked to leave the college. Luckily this took place while Dave was on holiday overseas as it caused some bad feeling in the college. She played favourites, bribed students and went around telling tales about students. The college was a family or a tight knit community but this meant that relationships were very intense and problems could be caused when things went wrong. One father thought his daughter was having too good a time and blamed the college for the fact that she was not studying very hard. 49:12 Some of the students were mature aged. One was aged 30 and had been a nurse. Another one lived there for 8 years while she completed her Masters. She was in a wheel chair. She was 40 years old and was a good role model. She danced in her wheel chair. They built a ramp up to one of the two roomed flats. Others were semi-handicapped. One had brittle bone condition. He can’t remember any who were vision impaired. At this stage a doctor was appointed to the university and he had an office at the university. He would make house calls very promptly. There was a Counselling Centre at the University and they could refer people here. Some students were referred here when they were concerned about exams. The college had a very good relationship with the university. People came to the college to give talks and vice versa. Dave gave a talk to some engineering students about homosexuality. One of the St Columba tutors was homosexual but never caused any problems at the college. Sexual matters were not the main topic at Dave’s Human Relations discussion groups but poor self-image would come up time and time again. A speaker came in to talk about sexuality so Dave did not have to deal with that. One girl brought a double bed into the room because she thought the college wouldn’t mind! Another wanted a water bed! Dave considered these to be try-ons. The only issues tackled at the College Council tended to be food, heating, facilities and computers rather than relationships. 60:00 Interview 3: Wednesday 21 May 2014 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:32 Track 2 00:00 The college motto and the college crest. It was finally decided that the college crest would be a dove rising from the foot of a Celtic cross. This design was submitted by Mr Ray Montgomery. A motto was never eventually decided upon despite a competition. 02:00 In April 1972, Dave visited Melbourne in order to investigate new developments in student housing. There was a move to make Argyle Wing a little bit different and allow students to self-cater. However, there were no disabled facilities built into Argyle. In 1977, Dave took some long service leave. He was entitled to this every 7 years. He told the College Council that he would like to look at what was happening around the world with colleges. They approved a round the world air fare for himself and Lucie for them to do this. They were away for about 5 months and started off in New Zealand, then the USA and Europe. Dave thought that the colleges in Perth were much more advanced. Some of the colleges were very austere. In one college in Sydney the behaviour was very bad and students had food fights in the dining room and dumped Freshers 150 km from Sydney to find their own way back. 06:40 Students were encouraged to do activities particularly sport. There was an inter college sporting competition, the Nicholson Cup that St Columba joined in 1972 provided that the female students were allowed to participate. The girls did very well and beat the men in some sports, particularly athletics. They took part in PROSH but not as a college activity. There were discussion groups. There was a college forum. They organised dances. There was a Valedictory and a college club dinner. At the end of the year dinner Dave introduced a system of prizes for those who had taken some major role in college life. The students also had their own prize competition. In 1976, Dave was given a surprise birthday lunch and awarded with a suitcase in the form of an aeroplane for his 50th birthday. St. Columba won the cricket a few times. Dave played his last game of Aussie Rules football the day he had a heart attack. The students also played soccer, tennis, volleyball, squash, hockey, athletics and basketball. They didn’t take part in rowing. The mix of males and females in college didn’t cause any issues apart from when relationships broke down. A girl was attacked and raped in St Catherine’s College but there were no incidents of which Dave was aware at St Columba. 12:56 The Vietnam War caused a fair bit of angst. One male student protested against conscription by planning a bomb in the National Services office in the city. He was later arrested. Another male student streaked down the Hay Street Mall one evening. He was kicked out of his university course because he had done a number of silly things. The students took part in protests. The Vietnam War ended in 1975. Dave was a chaplain in the RAAF and did not take part in any protest marches. 16:49 The students did do some charity work but Dave cannot recall what they were. Church services were held in the college. People were married and baptised in the college chapel. There was no compulsion to attend church and you did not have to be Anglican to attend St. Columba. Michael and John Chaney came from a very strong Catholic family but they attended St Columba. They were also very few dietary issues although people sometimes objected to the dining habits of others. 23:00 St Columba has carried on a family tradition in many cases with parents sending their children there. People with a family connection probably have a greater priority in attending Trinity (as St Columba is now called). Some stayed for 6 years while doing a medical degree. Kingswood, St Columba and Catherine’s were on one side of the road and then Currie Hall (now known as University Hall), St Thomas Moore and St George’s were on the other side of the road. There was competition between the colleges but it did not get serious. Many of the students had friends in different colleges and some would come for events. Other times they would gate crash events such as the welcome bbq! One night a group of students from Kingswood streaked through St Columba dining room. Another time a mini car had been parked in the dining room. 27:58 Many of the students had motor cars. There was a car park built at the back of the college. Some from farming areas had cars from an early age. Many of the private school students also had cars – it was prestigious to have a car. 70% of the students had cars. 29:35 In July 1976, Dave had a surprise birthday lunch and the students made him a suitcase in the shape of an aeroplane. It was for his 50th birthday and he had just got his flying lunch. 30:16 In 1978, St Columba accepted responsibility for the running of International Students House in Nedlands as an annexe to the college. These students participated in tutorials and came for meals at the college and the people who had been running the college came in as tutors. St Columba also had a number of non-resident students who paid a fee to attend meals and tutorials. Sometimes there would be up to 20 students who were non-residents. People could come across to college and buy a meal. 33:26 As well as running the college and working in the office, Dave had to be available for pastoral care. Students would call into the office in the mornings before lectures or in the late afternoon after lectures. It was all pretty informal and they did not have to make an appointment. Sometimes it would be advice. Other times it was physical sickness or accidents. Dave had a heart attack on 9 June 1980 (according to Dove Rising at page 82). Dave left St. Columba in early 1985. One student killed a girl from MLC when he had an accident in his mother’s car in Kings Park. Another student committed suicide in Bali. Drug taking apart from smoking Marijuana, there weren’t any particular drug problems. 42:35 The highlights of Dave’s time at St. Columba were the family feel of college – getting to know people and becoming involved in their lives. It was stimulating being surrounded by young people. The downside was the demands of supervising that family and in particular, the grief Dave experienced when the residents left the college. He enjoyed his 14 years at the college. The College Council were very supportive. Trinity has doubled in size. It has about 10 staff responsible for admissions, pastoral care, the buildings, finance, etc. It is much more upmarket now. The student body chose the name. The college motto is Friendship Learning Growth. Their academic results are very good. There is even a Robinson Scholarship. It was a privilege for Dave to become involved in getting something off the ground. He put his stamp on the place by establishing a community. It is not just a boarding house. Trinity has no Alumni as far as he knows. 51:42 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d2bf9f26b7e961a7cf4bde22df697153.mp3">Robinson_David, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5f06c328ca9b789fe6c7ebeff2474de6.mp3">Robinson_David, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/cfaea827d2275f37a46e393d8ad8e2b1.mp3">Robinson_David, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e4435e5f35f178977f0c4a2c522b29ed.mp3">Robinson_David, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/4a400d384ae1a0b507fce50898708d4a.mp3">Robinson_David, Interview 3, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/c520f41fd21b82733ffa09f9cf33251d.mp3">Robinson_David, Interview 3, Track 2</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource David Robinson interview, 7 May 2014, 14 May 2014 and 21 May 2014 Subject The topic of the resource St. Columba College Description An account of the resource David Robinson was born in Mildura, Victoria in 1926. After moving to Perth in 1970, he was Principal of St. Columba College from September 1970 until February 1985. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Robinson, David Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UWA ORAL HISTORIES Description An account of the resource A collection of interviews with former UWA staff, recorded by the <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society" target="_blank">UWA Historical Society</a> to mark the Centenary of the University in 2013. <br />The UWA Historical Society’s <a href="http://www.alumni.uwa.edu.au/community/historical-society/oral-histories" target="_blank">Oral History Program</a> started as a project with four oral histories funded from Society resources. It was then expanded with support from every Faculty on campus, the Guild, Convocation and through private donations. Additional funding was received through a Heritage Grant. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource University of Western Australia Historical Society Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Julia Wallis Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed David Tunley Location The location of the interview Nedlands, W.A. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Interview 1: 54 minutes, 54 seconds Interview 2: 46 minutes, 52 seconds Interview 3: 1 hour, 2 minutes, 32 seconds Total: 2 hours, 44 minutes, 18 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128 kbs Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Interview 1: 31 October 2012 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:32 Track 2 00:00 David Evatt Tunley. Born 3 May 1930. Grew up in Gulgong, New South Wales. Parents both doctors. Attended local primary school. 01:01 Father very musical. Aged 8 or 9 had singing lessons at local convent with Sister Veronica. 01:48 Had piano lessons about 10 years old – late in life. Attended secondary school as a boarder at Scot’s College. 02:50 During WW2. Father was fighting. Mother left running practice. Felt he had already left home. 03:30 Scot’s College was not very musical then. Continued learning piano at the Sydney Conservatorium as a weekly student. Realised music was where his interest lay. Suggested he learn under Alexander Sverjesky at the Sydney Conservatorium. Wanted to make music his career. 04:59 In the 1940s you learned the piano and took it as far as you could. Got a diploma from the Conservatorium. Attended teachers’ college at Sydney University, did graduate year and regarded as a trained music master. 06:17 Had a gift for teaching. Gained employment at Fort Street High School, Petersham. Famous old boys included Cabinet Ministers and Justice Michael Kirby who was one of David’s students. There for 5 years as bonded to Education Department. 07:31 Wanted to get a university degree in order to learn more about music. Had to attend morning classes at Sydney University. London University required a year’s attendance as part of their external degree. University of Durham had a highly respected Bachelor of Music degree. Peter Platt a senior lecturer in music at Sydney University helped him prepare for examinations. Only 25% pass rate. Exams purely historical and theory – no performance. Had a bent for the academic side of music. 11:19 His mother saw a position advertised in Sydney Morning Herald for a lecturer in music education at UWA. At that time, music was under the wing of the Faculty of Education. Universities now to be run by Federal and not State government. Money poured in for research. Explanation of how the Music Department under up under the wing of the Education Faculty. 15:33 Frank Callaway was the head of department. Golden boy of music education in NZ and had travelled in America and England. Frank was attracted to his application as he was a practically trained musician with an English degree and 5 years teaching experience. 17:15 Had to develop research skills. Wrote about the composer Edgar Bainton. Got in touch with his daughter (also a musician). 18:08 Later on his first study leave he got French government scholarship to study composition. He was away for a year and studied in Paris under Nadia Boulanger who was then in her 70s. 20:08 Australian painter friend, Moya Dyring introduced him to the husband of Louise Hanson-Dyer. A great Melbourne hostess of 20s and 30s who moved to Paris to pursue her interest in music. Set up Lyrebird publishing house. Published the entire works of Francois Couperin. Louise died in 1962, the year before David arrived in Paris. Her second husband was considerably younger than her. He recommended David contact the head of the music section at the Bibliotheque Nationale, Francois Lesure, in order to get into musicological research. 23:51 David did this and was encouraged to study the 18th French Cantata. This was new ground. All too soon it was time to come home. 26:02 Track 3 00:00 David wrote to Frank Callaway who got in touch with Leonard Jolley who organised for all the works to be put on microfilm. Eventually Perth the largest collection of French cantatas outside of France. Wrote two articles on the boat coming home that were accepted by leading museological journals. 01:35 A cantata is a dramatic musical work like a mini opera but not staged and without costume. Immensely popular in Paris in 18th century. Also included poetry. 03:13 Study in Tuart House read music off microfiche and played it on the piano. Published in a book. Decided to make it a thesis. Couldn’t do it as a PhD. Did it as a DLitt. 05:06 Major study was the piano. He also learned the Timpani (kettledrum). Taught by timpanist of Sydney Symphony Orchestra. Also learned to play the double bass. Learned the clarinet at the Conservatorium. Exposure to the viola. Good practice for composing which was a key part of his role at UWA. 07:56 Impressions of Perth and UWA. Impressed By beauty of the campus. Boarded in St George’s College for 2 weeks. 08:34 Began to learn how to go about being a university lecturer. The course was more of a music appreciation course and built up from a one year to a three year course as a BEd with a major in music. Their rooms were in the tower at Winthrop Hall. 10:04 When Frank Callaway arrived in the mid 50s the library was in the piano school. When David arrived, the library now took up two glass cabinets. Now the library in the best and the biggest in Australia. From little acorns, big oak trees grow. 11:09 Students had already done music but no practical music offered. Before Murray Commission. Learnt practical music by singing in choral society. David founded a Chamber Choir. There became a demand for a stronger music degree and music would expand into the Faculty of Arts under Frank Callaway as its first Chair. This was advertised internationally. This now became an honours degree for those who were good enough. Some practical music was now introduced. The students were sent to suburban teachers until full time teachers were appointed. Michael Brimer and Graham Wood taught piano. 14:30 Contrast with music taught in universities at Adelaide and Melbourne from 19th century. Melbourne had a conservatorium with a large staff. Adelaide got one later. Sydney only had a music department in the late 50s. 16:38 Students would go to Melbourne or Adelaide rather than remain in Perth as it was more prestigious. 17:19 10 years after Frank arrived, the department was up and running. Research, composition, education. It was a conservatorium in all but name. The Murray Report ruled out getting diplomas which was the mainstay of the Conservatorium. 19:00 The community pressed the State Government for a conservatorium in the late 1980s. This became part of Edith Cowan University and became a rival to UWA rather than being able to work together. 21:43 Track 4 00:00 Loved the university life at UWA. Contact with other departments. Gave lectures to language department and history and vice versa. 00:54 In 1959, David returned to Sydney and met up with Paula Laurantus again and they decided to get married. Paula also got involved with university life. A cultural hub. 02:26 The Tuart Club comprised the wives of academics who helped people settle in. Met newcomers and had a flat that they could meet. Particularly good for overseas staff coming to UWA. 03:57 Social outings organised. Established university club called University House near the present Music Department. Very welcoming. A social hub. The university was very small. Many buildings such as the Octagon Theatre and the Reid Library were not yet built. 05:23 University House was visited at lunchtime or you get a drink after work but could not get meals. It soon became too small and a little tatty. 06:18 Track 5 00:00 Conclusion 00:19 Interview 2: 7 November 2012 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:28 Track 2 00:00 UWA and the Perth community. 01:17 Community university. Similar to universities in US. 02:02 Festival of Perth (1953). Fred Alexander. Frank Callaway’s influence on the festival. Somerville Auditorium. James Penberthy opera Dalgerie based on the love story from the novel 'Keep him my country' by Mary Durack. 03:20 Concerts – such as singing. Films came later. 04:23 Musician in residence began in 1973. Alfredo Campoli violinist. Sponsorship by Tom Wardle (“Tom the Cheap”). Came in 2nd term. Alberni String Quartet came in first term. 08:10 One of the wettest winters when Alfredo Campoli visited. David and Paula found accommodation for them in Kings Park Road and looked after them. Violin recital arranged. David Bollard accompanied on piano and later Stephen Dornan. 10:42 The Tunleys visited the Campolis in the UK on David’s study leave. A year after his death, Alfredo’s widow Joy asked David what to do with his programmes. David then realised he should write the Biography and did so. Joy Campoli was a great help with this. David learned a great deal about English music in the 20th century. 12:21 Musician in residence – golden years of UWA. Scheme ran from 1973 to 1998. Lots of international performers came over the years. Some were in residence at the same time as the Festival of Perth. The School of Music was like a “foyer of international musicians”. Generally people came for 6 or 7 weeks rather than a full term. André Tchaikowsky (1974, 1975 & 1976) performed the complete concertos of Mozart conducted by John Exton. 14:58 One the scheme had started people approached UWA. The University’s mathematics department and the English department also had visiting experts. A significant development in the department’s history. 16:43 The visiting musicians also taught individual students and/or held master classes. 17:35 The Octagon Theatre (1969) was designed by Sir Tyrone Guthrie. It doubled as a lecture and drama theatre. The UWA Music Department used it more than any other department. They held weekly lunch time concerts and put on operas and major musical events (other than those held at Winthrop Hall). The acoustics were designed for the spoken word rather than music or singing. 20:28 The scene of an opera put on in 1987 by David Tunley called Armide. This was the last and greatest opera of Lully, creator of French opera in the 17th century. Visiting musician Ivor Keys from Birmingham University had put on the first modern performance of Armide. UWA put on the second modern adaptation in the world of Lully’s Armide. Ran for 2 nights at the Octagon Theatre. Jane Manning, a British soprano played the lead role. She was a true professional. Philippa O’Brien designed the scenery and Colin O’Brien directed. David Tunley prepared the choir beforehand. Ivor Keys conducted. Margaret Seares and David Tunley worked the sub titles as it was performed in French. 23:56 The old Dolphin Theatre was a workshop theatre in an old cottage near the science departments. The New Dolphin was built in 1976 and was for student productions. 25:40 New Fortune Theatre used for operas and dramatic works. 26:20 Track 3 00:00 Moving from venues to performers. Frank Callaway kept the University Choral Society going when he arrived. He was able to use the services of the WA Symphony Orchestra as he was a qualified conductor. 01:12 David Tunley created a university chamber choir. It was first called the A Capella Choir. This later became the collegium musicum so that the choir could also have musical accompaniment. They performed Stravinsky’s Les Noces, a ballet. Good choral, 4 pianos and a wide range of percussion instruments. Complex rhythms. Conference for music and dance and David talked the WA Ballet company to combine with the UWA collegium musicum. 04:15 Performed in 1979 at the Octagon Theatre. Gym weightlifters press-ganged to move the pianos from the UWA School of Music to the theatre pit. 05:29 A good way for staff and students to do things together. Roger Smalley, Brian Michell and 2 students played the pianos. 06:16 The choristers came mainly from the campus. Some of the soloists were Jeff Weaver, Vivien Hamilton, Performed concert performances of operatic works at Cottesloe Civic Centre. Champagne and chicken supper at interval. 07:55 The Collegium Musicum was taken over by Margaret Pride but it fizzled out when she left. 08:31 The York Winter Music Festival was established in 1982 following study leave in England seeing music performed in historic buildings. It ran every second year for about 10 years. When David had a heart attack in 1986 he could not take an active role anymore and it closed down in about 1990. 11:40 When David retired in 1994 he decided to use the foyers of buildings in St George’s Terrace for music festivals. The Terrace Proms ran for 6 years but the Perth City Council then decided to put their funding elsewhere. 12:58 1979 National Eisteddfod to celebrate Australia’s Bicentenary. This was Frank Callaway’s idea. The adjudicators were opera singer, Joan Hammond and pianist, Eileen Joyce. The university awarded them both honorary doctorates. In return, Eileen Joyce gave a clavichord to the City of Perth and money to build a studio at UWA – The Eileen Joyce Studio. She also gave money for scholarships. On her death, she donated her personal archives to UWA. They are located in the Callaway Centre, Crawley Avenue. An invaluable resource for Richard Davis when he wrote his biography of her. 17:35 In 1984 the Indian Ocean Arts Festival was held at UWA. The gamelan orchestra from Java used to visit every year. This has wider significance in view of the recently published government White Paper. Frank Callaway and Peggy Holroyd were very involved with this. 20:04 Interview 3: 13 November 2012 Track 1 00:00 Introduction by Julia Wallis 00:33 Track 2 00:00 Graduates and staff. 00:29 Trevor Jones, Senior Lecturer. Graduate from University of Sydney. Bassoon. Recorder. Composer. Didgeridoo study. Western music. Studied music of renaissance and baroque at Harvard and at Cambridge. Left UWA after 5 or 6 years to become Foundation Professor of music at Monash University, Melbourne. 03:10 Michael Brimer later became Professor of Music at Melbourne University. 03:33 Roger Smalley. Electronic music and Avant-garde music. Came from UK. Brilliant pianist. 04:49 Track 3 00:00 Roger Smalley was a visitor and stayed. Revolutionised the composition area. Internationally recognised. A coup for UWA. Wrote an opera about an early Australian explorer which he considered a huge influence on him as he had to make his music more accessible. 02:04 David Symons was another graduate from Sydney University. Musicologist of German and later Australian music. 02:35 Nicholas Bannan, Cambridge graduate with encyclopaedic knowledge of music. Choral conductor. 02:58 Suzy (Suzanne) Wijsmann - scholar and cellist. Paul Wright – baroque music. 03:35 Students. Two gifted students in 1958 were Jennifer Fowler and Sally Trethowan. Jennifer Fowler now lives in London and is an internationally renowned composer and started the trend. Others include Iain Grandage, James Ledger and Christopher Tonkin (now on staff). 05:03 Performers include – guitarist Craig Ogden who teaches at Royal Northern College of Music, Manchester, UK. 05:41 Well-known singers include graduates Sara Macliver and Taryn Fiebig. 06:24 String players have been influenced by the teaching of Paul Wright. Sean Lee violinist. 07:16 Scholars – Philip Bracanin, first PhD in music in Australia inspired by staff member, Dr John Exton. 08:25 Margaret Seares has returned to her love – musicology. Subscription concerts in London in early 18th century. 09:15 Ben Hetherington – music and eng lit. Won one of the first Hackett Scholarships and is now studying at Cambridge. 09:54 Andrew Cichy did a degree in Commerce before music and is now studying at Oxford. Has won a scholarship and is doing a DPhil in 16th century sacred music. 11:38 Criteria that allows students to study music at UWA. Depends on whether you are doing performance, music education, research. Many of the performers are Asian students. Singers don’t develop until they are older. 13:23 Soprano Lisa Harper-Brown is a graduate. Showed potential even at 17. Now lives and works in Christchurch, New Zealand. 14:09 Students auditioned to find out what their skills are. It is expensive as performance teaching is one to one. 15:12 Some come to do music education and go on to teach. 16:06 Research requires a maturity that a 17 or 18 year old does not yet possess. This is post graduate study. 17:15 Problems of having a conservatorium in Perth where people think UWA does not have a good enough performance teaching. 18:02 It is unusual for performers to change direction. Some performers turn more to musicology or music education. Some become composers. 19:13 The first year is very broad. The background of the students depends very much on where they were educated. Like other faculties, there is a drop out percentage. Some do music as part of an arts degree. 21:09 Track 4 00:00 The building of the present Music School was a fillip to the department. They were first located in the tower at Winthrop Hall and then in Tuart House. Acoustically it was substandard. A committee visited and agreed that funds should be set aside for a purpose built music building. . [Stop Recording due to painter on the roof] 02:20 Track 5 00:00 Tony Brand was the architect of the new music school building. He took the time to talk to the staff to find out their needs and they were totally happy. It is built for a Mediterranean climate. 01:16 It was built so that spaces separated the rooms that could be filled in later. 01:38 Supporters in the community gave money to develop a room and then it was named after the donor. Teaching studios were on the ground floor, then studies and practice rooms on the top floor. The Eileen Joyce studio was attached to it. 02:30 The Wigmore Music library was put up separately. Mrs Ivy Hay offered Frank Callaway the money to fund a basic library. Designed by Tony Brand and very well equipped. A focal point of the department. Most of the books are kept in the Reid Library. 05:18 The Wigmore was built shortly after the department opened in about 1976. At Tuart House the double garage was extended to become the music library. There was also a lecture room built behind the garage. 06:55 The purpose built building enabled some specialised teaching. There was an electronic music studio that looked over the Callaway Music Auditorium. These walls can be changed from wood to sound absorbing material. [Phone rings] 08:18 The studio can be used for composing or recording. Seating was eventually a push button device that allows them to be folded away when they are not needed. 09:28 The Octagon now became less well used. Lunch time concerts are now held in the Callaway Auditorium. 10:11 The space before the music department was built was gardens and trees next to the tennis court. David Tunley organised the staff/student tennis competitions. A development may take over the tennis courts. 11:48 The Callaway Resource Centre was in the piano studio but was then moved to a building in Crawley Avenue. The storage needed to for modern conditions. The CRC houses the Burgess Collection, the Eileen Joyce Collection and the John Blacking Collection. 14:52 It is no longer manned as there is not enough money to employ anyone to open it to the public. 15:38 The Annual Callaway Lecture is also funded by philanthropists. [Stop Recording due to noise from gardener with blower or whipper snipper] 15:58 Track 6 00:00 This year the lecturer was given by an early music exponent who was in Perth conducting the WASO. He spoke about early music recording. 01:27 For public lectures, it is hard to get the balance right so that it is not too specialised or too general. While there is still money for it, it will keep going. There is also money to publish the lectures which encourages some people to give them. 02:17 Another outreach is the Australian Music Examination Board (AMEB). Before that, music examinations were conducted by people travelling from colleges in the UK. Later, institutions in Melbourne and Adelaide took responsibility for it. In about 1920, UWA took part. Most staff members have done music examining in the country or studios in Perth. 04:08 Most of the good students are Asian. They work very hard. 04:47 The AMEB exams provide theory, harmony and notional exams as well as performance. The School of Music used to ask what standard students had reached in the AMEB exams. The AMEB has led to many more universities taking on music. David Tunley was Chairman of the National AMEB. Put UWA in touch with the range of teaching activities across Australia. 06:55 The UWA music staff set the exams and did the examining at UWA. Visiting professors were encouraged to exam the final year students (particularly those doing Honours). 07:37 UWA music staff always had great integrity and wouldn’t pass anybody who didn’t deserve it. 08:08 Track 7 00:00 During the 1970s there was a rise in musical scholarship (musicology). Musicology started in Germany and had to be rigorous and documented. 01:50 Frank Callaway and David Tunley decided to start a journal of musicology in Australia and launched Studies in Music. It stopped in 1992. A lot of work in finding article and editing. It became one of the leading journals in the world. 03:43 Andrew McCredie in Adelaide was the first musicologist in Australia and began his own journal, Miscellanea Musicologica. Contributors from all over the world to both journals. 04:28 Musicology in the 1970s seemed to have a great future. There are slim employment prospects in Australia for musicologist. Performance takes centre stage at universities in Australia as employment prospects are better. 06:28 Music education was also thought to be the discipline of the future but this depends on whether schools are interested in employing music teachers. It has been found to enhance the brain so it is gaining popularity in schools. 07:19 Performance and research are complimentary. Studying at university does not make you a book worm. The best result for musical education is everything coming together. 08:09 The School of Music has a great future. Now regulations demand that students do a unit outside their faculty. Perhaps medical students might swell the numbers. Music gives you an interest for life and is valuable and enjoyable. 09:07 Track 8 00:00 Conclusion by Julia Wallis 00:27 Audio Files Links to audio files <a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/eb4f745654d446ffa1416a6807319304.mp3">Tunley, Interview 1, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/3303d8c4b41eb9f4769f18dbe7d001fa.mp3">Tunley, Interview 1, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/bcbac61009819011874fbff3ba5c3800.mp3">Tunley, Interview 1, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/a04b7685d0f5020706a8495267c15304.mp3">Tunley, Interview 1, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/1c1337e4a7dd6294c3e1fba6e06b4023.mp3">Tunley, Interview 1, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/757f8c1f566d2d6d5389fbf47d8ec628.mp3">Tunley, Interview 2, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/d86a470ac967075aab5a26141d22b25b.mp3">Tunley, Interview 2, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/9ea4958ab2027b2533a01efa205818d1.mp3">Tunley, Interview 2, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/365243072415290119e19fb541364b41.mp3">Tunley, Interview 3, Track 1</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/2eca8b69df27164b0eaa0f3cbbbca1c9.mp3">Tunley, Interview 3, Track 2</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/84c93f034d7583c6ff54c72da67e2299.mp3">Tunley, Interview 3, Track 3</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0fc2dbb56d171d8b50dfd56e1b29fb4a.mp3">Tunley, Interview 3, Track 4</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/280958ddc2a3932cd25ddd328649df7f.mp3">Tunley, Interview 3, Track 5</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/e99bb6167efb7f04894664198db983e5.mp3">Tunley, Interview 3, Track 6</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/0385a485b4ad61136c28d5970b439429.mp3">Tunley, Interview 3, Track 7</a> <br /><a href="http://oralhistories.arts.uwa.edu.au/files/original/5fb3e8e017141ced2389414a7b19d826.mp3">Tunley, Interview 3, Track 8</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource David Tunley interview, 31 October 2012, 7 November 2012 and 13 November 2012 Subject The topic of the resource David Tunley interview, 31 October 2012, 7 November 2012 and 13 November 2012 Description An account of the resource Emeritus Professor David Tunley was initially trained as a pianist at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music, but when coming to Perth in 1958 (having gained the degree of Bachelor of Music from the University of Durham as an external student) turned his energies more towards choral conducting, composition and research in musicology. Commencing as a lecturer in the then newly-fledged Department of Music, he was eventually appointed to a Personal Chair before moving to the Chair of Music after the retirement of Sir Frank Callaway. He is now an Honorary Senior Research Fellow in Music at UWA. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tunley, David Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Western Australia Historical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright holder University of Western Australia Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 files Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History